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Topic: Elections in Morocco

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	The EU's relations with Morocco - Overview
		Morocco is a member of the League of Arab States, the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, and the Arab Maghreb Union.
		Morocco and the European Union are doing their utmost to continue the fight against illegal immigration, with particular attention being paid to the increase flow of immigrants through Morocco.
		Morocco is a participant to the ENP, which it sees as a possibility to obtain an "advanced status" in its relations with the EU as expressed by the King of Morocco.
	europa.eu.int /comm/external_relations/morocco/intro (2270 words)

	Elections in Morocco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Elections in Morocco gives information on election and election results in Morocco.
		Morocco has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.
		Due to ongoing military occupation, Moroccan elections are also held in part of Western Sahara.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_Morocco (283 words)

	Morocco (07/05)
		Morocco is divided into 16 administrative regions (further broken into provinces and prefectures); the regions are administered by Walis and governors appointed by the King.
		Morocco was among the first Arab and Islamic states to denounce the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States and declare solidarity with the American people in the war against terrorism On May 16, 2003, Moroccan suicide bombers simultaneously attacked five sites in Casablanca, killing more than 40 people and wounding over 100.
		Morocco's claim to sovereignty over the Western Sahara is based largely on an historical argument of traditional loyalty of the Sahrawi tribal leaders to the Moroccan sultan as spiritual leader and ruler.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5431.htm (3756 words)

	UNDP-POGAR: Country Index: Elections
		The legislative branch of Morocco underwent a significant transformation from a unicameral to a bicameral institution in 1996.
		In August 1997 the existing parliament passed laws concerning the organization and election for the two new bodies, and later in the same year King Hassan II announced that elections for the two new chambers would be held in the last months of 1997.
		Opposition parties acknowledged that the elections were generally fair, particularly by comparison with the 1997 elections, when accusations of vote-buying abounded.
	www.pogar.org /countries/elections.asp?cid=12 (907 words)

	Morocco
		Morocco is dominated by the mountains in the north, and some fertile valleys and the green belt along the Atlantic half the way to Agadir.
		Morocco has tendency in direction of democracy, but is still ruled by the powerful king.
		The economy of Morocco has seen many years of positive growth, and the country has built an excellent infrastructure where both classic elements like roads and modern ones like cell phones and internet are most present.
	www.i-cias.com /e.o/morocco.htm (285 words)

	UNDP-POGAR: Programme on Governance in the Arab Region: Elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The country articles describe the electoral system, the rules and laws governing elections, the settlement of disputes arising from electoral contests, the laws governing parties and political associations, and a brief summary of the results of the most recent presidential and legislative elections.
		Under the rules of the basic winner-take-all system, elections are held in single-member districts and the candidate receiving the most votes, although not necessarily a majority, wins the contest.
		Where the information is obtainable, the articles provide a brief discussion of the government institution or authority responsible for conducting the election process, and the court or tribunal responsible for adjudicating in the event of electoral disputes..
	www.pogar.org /themes/elections.asp (796 words)

	Politics of Tunisia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to the constitution this position is popularly elected, and in the presidential election of 1999, the president received 99.4% of the vote.
		The last presidential election was held on October 24, 2004.
		An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Tunisia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Tunisia (397 words)

	MERIP Media Outreach: Is the US Ready for Democracy in the Mideast?, by Ian Urbina
		But unnoticed in all the recent national focus on Iraq, recent elections in Morocco, Bahrain, Turkey and Pakistan indicate that democracy, albeit in small increments, has already begun arriving in that region and parts of Islamic South Asia.
		Morocco held its first transparent vote last month, and set aside 30 seats in the lower house expressly for women.
		And despite violence that clouded elections in the Indian-ruled part of Kashmir, voter turnout was still 40 percent.
	www.merip.org /newspaper_opeds/IU_us_ready_democracy.html (714 words)

	Islamic Voice - Ramadan / Shawwal 1423 H
		Morocco held its first fully transparent vote last month, and while many Arab nations block women from office, Morocco set aside 30 seats in the lower house for women, thereby ensuring their inclusion in politics.
		In Morocco, as the governing coalition maintained control of Parliament, the biggest gains were made by the Islamist Justice and Development Party.
		But their sudden gain in votes in recent elections in Pakistan, Bahrain, Morocco and Turkey is being viewed as a sign that voters - at least in those few countries that actually allow free elections - want to assert pride in their faith to the outside world.
	www.islamicvoice.com /december.2002/gwatch.htm (1011 words)

	Global Beat Syndicate: Islamic Democracy
		Leaders of the Shiite party in Bahrain announced an election boycott some days prior to the vote, and even though Shiites Moslems are the majority population, 53 percent of Bahrain's voters participated.
		And despite violence that clouded elections in the Indian-ruled portion of Kashmir, voter turnout was still 40 percent.
		Open elections are more than a prerequisite to true democracy; they also demystify opposition groups by eliminating their outsider status.
	www.nyu.edu /globalbeat/syndicate/urbina111802.html (792 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Islamists hold key to Moroccan elections
		The Islamists were expected to become the fastest growing political force with a possible controlling bloc of votes in the parliament of a country that, at its closest, lies less than a dozen miles from the south-west border of the European Union in Spain.
		Justice and Spirituality is not alone in doubting the value of an election in which no party has dared challenge a constitution that leaves much of the power in the hands of King Mohammed and his elite band of palace technocrats, the unelected makhzen.
		The elections will also be seen as a plebiscite on King Mohammed's mixed record as a hands-on, governing monarch since he came to the throne three years ago.
	www.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,3604,800585,00.html (1105 words)

	Amir Taheri on Democracy & Muslims on National Review Online
		But the problem is that in most cases elections are held only to confirm the status of those in power, and to offer a blank check for their policies.
		In Bangladesh, elections serve as a mechanism for alternation between two lady prime ministers: Hasina Wajed, daughter of the nation's martyred founder, Mujibur Rahman; and Khaleda Zia, widow of the assassinated Gen. Zia ul-Rahman.
		Otherwise, elections have largely served to glorify and prolong the status quo — regimes dominated by small power groups, or often a single man. The notorious 99.99 percent majorities, once common throughout the Third World, are now found only in Muslim countries.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/comment-taheri102802.asp (960 words)

	Online NewsHour: Elections in Morocco -- September 24, 2002
		In May, Morocco's parliament, which has limited powers and authorities, approved a proposal, backed by the king, that sets aside 30 seats for the election of women in the September national elections.
		ENRIQUE CERNA: This act by Morocco's parliament is rare in the Arab world, where the percentage of women in elected positions is minimal.
		For Morocco and its people, this is a crucial period, especially with the upcoming national elections.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/africa/july-dec02/morocco_09-24.html (1357 words)

	Arab Social Science Research (ASSR) - Country Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Elections in Morocco: from Electionworld.org: the directory lists the results of the last parliamentary elections.
		Morocco and Olives: increased olive production and its harmful affects on the environment, with particular focus on the degradation of the land in Morocco- from the Trade and Environment Database TED.
		Morocco Legislative Elections, 1997 [ in French ]: Special coverage of the 1997 legislative elections from the Ministry of Communication.
	www.assr.org /countries/studies.asp?RID=116&CID=12 (845 words)

	The Washington Diplomat
		Morocco was also the only new country chosen for the 2005 round of Millennium Challenge Account financing, the Bush administration’s new mechanism for distributing foreign aid based on a country’s record of sound policies.
		Morocco held legislative elections in 2002 that were largely regarded as free and fair.
		Morocco’s progress—gradual, not forced—can serve as an example for reformists in the region, but the country’s experience also provides lessons about the pitfalls of change.
	www.washdiplomat.com /Mar-05/a6_03_05.html (1176 words)

	European Forum - Home
		The Socialist International considers the elections carried out yesterday in Belarus completely unacceptable, as conditions for them to be free and fair were not met.
		The electoral process was marked by a sharp increase in human rights violations and abuses against opposition candidates and their supporters, including numerous cases of detention, ill-treatment and beatings, as well as the shutting down of independent media and aggression against non-governmental organisations.
		In 2005 the country implemented the necessary electoral reforms and held general elections, praised by the EU and OSCE for their democratic conduct.
	www.europeanforum.net (703 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Morocco: All eyes on Islamists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Prior to the elections, the government had launched an aggressive campaign to encourage people to vote in what it described as "the most transparent and fairest elections since independence from France in 1956." The elections are the first to be held under the reign of reformist King Mohamed VI.
		US State Department spokesman Richard Boucher "lauded" the elections and underlined his country's interest in the ongoing democratic process in Morocco, while France gave special recognition to the Moroccan authorities action to guarantee the transparency and honesty of the polling.
		Morocco's last legislative elections were held in 1997, under King Hassan II, amid allegations of vote-rigging and rampant fraud.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2002/606/re3.htm (843 words)

	afrol News - Morocco ready for legislative elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The last general elections were held in November 1997 "amid widespread, credible reports of vote-buying by political parties and the government, and excessive government interference," according to US government reports.
		Radical parties are however not allowed and the in the questions of human rights, press freedom and the role of the autocratic King, the old and new political parties mostly have remained silent.
		One of the main controversies of Morocco's poll is that they will also be held in the so-called "Southern Provinces" of the country, or Western Sahara, as the occupied territory is known internationally.
	www.afrol.com /News2002/mor027_elections.htm (621 words)

	Press release - No.130
		It is quite clear that the world has not yet fully recovered from the huge drop in the number of women in parliaments that occurred as a result of the collapse of the communist system in the 1990s: in 1988, women accounted for 14.8% of all parliamentarians, whereas they represented only 11.3% in 1995.
		Denmark and Norway, which held elections in 2001 and have among the most gender-balanced parliaments of the world (38% women MPs in Denmark, 36.4% in Norway), have recorded little or no progress, disappointing women’s hopes to pass the 40% mark: Denmark, +0.6 percentage points; no change for Norway.
		In Morocco, the future Electoral Law establishes a 10% quota of women in the House of Representatives.
	www.ipu.org /press-e/gen130.htm (891 words)

	Jordan - The Legislature
		The 1974 decision by Arab heads of state at a summit meeting in Rabat, Morocco, that the PLO was the sole representative of the Palestinian people raised questions about the political relationship of the West Bank to Jordan.
		As the time for the elections drew near, Hussein decided that postponing the elections would be the prudent course to avoid foreclosing future political options.
		By-elections were held in the East Bank in March to fill eight vacancies in the house that had resulted from the deaths of members since the 1967 elections.
	www.countrystudies.us /jordan/56.htm (984 words)

	IRVAJ English - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The real question, however, is whether or not this election can have a real impact on the composition of the ruling elite and the policies it has followed in the past five decades.
		In Bangladesh, elections serve as a mechanism for alternation between two lady prime ministers: Hasina Wajed, daughter of the martyred founder of the nation Mujibur Rahman, and Khaleda Zia, widow of the assassinated Gen. Zia ul-Rahman who served as president in the 1970s.
		Otherwise, elections have been used for the glorification and prolongation of the status quo dominated by small power groups, often a single man. The notorious 99.99 percent majorities, once current throughout the Third World, are now found only in Muslim countries.
	www.iranvajahan.net /cgi-bin/news_en.pl?l=en&y=2002&m=10&d=01&a=2 (1034 words)

	:: MEDEA :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		They have been the first elections after the dynastic succession in July 1999; the first ones organized by a left-wing (or alternation) government, leaded by a former chief of the opposition; the first ones since 1976 in the absence of Driss Basri, the famous Minister of Interior of Hassan II.
		These elections took place in a political, economical and social context which is in a complete transformation.
		Nevertheless, actors that keep influencing the elections are the illiteracy rate -63% -and unemployment -higher than 40%-.
	www.medea.be /index.html?page=&lang=&doc=1230 (1116 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Election campaign opens in Morocco
		Campaigning has begun in Morocco for parliamentary elections to be held in two weeks time.
		These will be the first general elections since King Mohammed VI came to the throne in 1999, bringing hopes of a new era of openness and democracy in the country.
		Morocco now wants to change that perception - it is especially keen to appear more democratic to the outside world to attract desperately needed foreign investments.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/world/africa/2256880.stm (262 words)

	Middle East Report 209: International Election Monitoring: A Critique Based on One Monitor's Experience in Morocco , by ...
		Most foreign elections observers do not know the language in which elections are conducted, and are thus dependent either on translators provided by the local government, or on conversations with people who speak their language.
		Consideration of the elections in the local/regional context calls for comparison of the June 25 elections to Morocco's previous elections and to elections elsewhere in the region such as the recent Algerian elections.
		Organizations involved in election monitoring must ensure that their reports are not tailored to conform to the policies of their funding sources.
	www.merip.org /mer/mer209/munson.htm (2494 words)

	Upfront
		Were democracy only a matter of holding elections, the countries of the Islamic world might be considered models of democracy.
		In Malaysia, Bangladesh, and Indonesia (the most populous Muslim nation), for example, elections have proved to be real political contests, permitting people to change their leaders by vote.
		In the elections, not surprisingly, candidates allied with the hardliners won a majority of seats.
	teacher.scholastic.com /scholasticnews/indepth/upfront/features/index.asp?article=1213a (1211 words)

	CNN.com - Morocco's Choice: Openness or Terror - May. 31, 2003
		Morocco had long been considered a haven of tolerance and peace, and any troubles we had we attributed to foreign agitators.
		For example, the legislative elections last September were more transparent than in the past, but recent investigations in the press here have raised serious questions about their fairness.
		There is hope for a genuine democracy in Morocco, however, because we have a thriving civil society.
	www.cnn.com /2003/US/05/31/nyt.jamai/index.html (733 words)

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