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Topic: Elections in Nigeria

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	CCC - Nigeria's April 2003 Elections
		Nigeria is one of the giants of Africa, demographically, economically, and politically.
		Nigeria's strategic importance for Africa lies in its potential to be a regional hegemon in West Africa, and in the international arena is tied to the country's status as a major oil producer and hub for narcotics trafficking.
		Nigeria's oil is of direct strategic importance to the US government, since the country is the fifth largest supplier of crude oil imports to the United States.
	www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /si/june03/africa.asp (2980 words)

	Nigeria: Elections Briefing Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Elections, interrupted as they have been by periods of military dictatorship, have always contained potential for civil unrest, and so the good conduct of the forthcoming polls is a matter not only of international concern but also of symbolic importance for the citizens of Nigeria.
		The failure of these elections to consolidate democracy (each led in fact to disruption and eventually a return to military rule) was due to the reluctance of the incumbent regime to allow a level playing field, in case they lost their grip on power.
		The institutionalisation of Shari'a law in 11 of Nigeria's northern states, begun in Zamfara by Governor Sani, might be seen as a cynical ploy to seem to be representing the interests of Muslims, with the ulterior motive of bolstering individuals' local power-bases in the face of a loss of power at a national level.
	www.africaaction.org /docs03/nig0304b.htm (2470 words)

	Socialism Today - Nigeria's uncivil rule
		NIGERIA’S CRONY CAPITALIST economy, dominated by imperialism and resting on corrupt elites, is too weak to meet the aspirations of the working masses.
		Although organised workers are a minority in Nigeria, they have a decisive economic and social weight far in excess of their number.
		Nigeria’s Crisis: Time for System Change — includes chapters on the 2003 elections, the civil rule years, the national question, a working-class alternative, the fuel price hike, and lessons of the general strike.
	www.socialismtoday.org /83/nigeria.html (3082 words)

	Politics of Nigeria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Politics of Nigeria takes place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Nigeria is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.
		Nigeria is currently in better foreign relations due to her current state of democracy and with the help of the current president Obasanjo.
		Since 1960 Nigeria has been a member of the UN and also joined the Commonwealth of Nations the same year, however they were briefly suspended between 1995 and 1999.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Nigeria (788 words)

	Briefing on Nigeria's 2003 Elections
		Elections have typically been marred by distrust, apathy, and usually violence that have resulted in losses of lives and properties and ultimately increased the odds against the establishment/consolidation of democracy and a democratic ethos.
		Nigeria continues to be a leader in the region and the continent, by virtue not only of its size and economic weight, but also by its traditionally active foreign involvements.
		Nigeria’s global diaspora is becoming more important, both for its positive achievements, and for the negative security and crime connotations of illegal migrants and organised gangs trafficking drugs and human beings.
	www.cdd.org.uk /resources/elections/Briefing_Nig_Elections.htm (6734 words)

	INEC Nigeria
		Elections in Nigeria have a history of being susceptible to manipulation by politicians and various interest groups determined to get to power by all means.
		Dating back to pre-independence and continuing since after independence, the story of elections in the country has been that of one rancourous exercise after another, with losers always contesting the result all the way till the next election.
		In terms of releasing election result, the system will ensure that instead of waiting for election results for two or three or even seven days as has been known to happen, the results are available almost immediately the polls are closed.
	www.inecnigeria.org /news/news5.html (1441 words)

	Elections And Electoral Practices in Nigeria
		Elections provide the medium, by which the different interest groups within the modern nation state can stake and resolve their claims to power through peaceful means.
		Commenting on these elections, especially on the first and the last, the EU Election Group, which monitored the 2003 elections has suggested that, ‘the most free, fair and peacefully conducted elections in Nigeria were those in 1959, 1979, 1993 and 1999, and the most chaotic, violent and disputed were those in 1964 and 1983.
		With each succeeding election, the financial stakes are raised to such a level that only those who have previously exercised state power or worked in close collaboration with the state in the process of the primitive accumulation of capital are able to back their political claims.
	www.dawodu.com /iyayi1.htm (11054 words)

	UNITED STATES OF NIGERIA
		Since after the March 19 elections and the subsequent release of the results, many presidential candidates and parties have consistently opposed the results of the elections which gave the Peoples Democratic Party a sweeping victory all over the country.
		Nigeria as it is is undefined, we cannot move forward as a country if we remain in this level.
		Because Nigeria is standing at the middle, she will continue to suffer a lot of predicaments as a country.
	nigerdeltacongress.com /uarticles/united_states_of_nigeria.htm (1052 words)

	MOST Ethno-Net publication: Africa at Crossroads
		As the foregoing section portrays, elections are often made a contest between ethnic groups and the primary group orientation of the contestants becomes a crucial element in electoral fortunes.
		In spite the military’s involvement in the prolonged democracy dilemma in Nigeria, it supervised one of the freest, fairest and de-ethnicized elections in the history of Nigeria.
		In the presidential election Olusegun Obasanjo cashing in on the sympathy factor created by the demise of Moshood Abiola in military gaol and the support of the Hausa-Fulani military establishment coasted to easy victory in an election that for the very first time in Nigeria’s history was between two contestants from the southwest.
	www.ethnonet-africa.org /pubs/papeze.htm (4463 words)

	AAEA/IFES - Local Government Elections in Nigeria - Report
		The local government elections of December 5, 1998 demonstrated the commitment of the INEC, the political parties and the Nigerian people to the transition to democracy, as we witnessed people from all walks of life and all political persuasions cast their ballots for local government Councillors and council Chairmen.
		As an observer mission of election officials, election experts and experienced election observers, the joint AAEA/IFES delegation to the December 5 local government elections in Nigeria focused its assessment of the electoral process on the technical aspects of the administration of the vote.
		As has been noted by international and domestic observers of the December elections, there was a wide variance in the application of election procedures from polling station to polling station, as well as throughout the tabulation process.
	www.ifes.org /afrassoc/nigeriafinalrep.htm (2889 words)

	No. 1056: Press Release: Pact for Free and Fair Elections
		Stakeholders in the Nigeria Democracy Project, representing various sectors of the society, met for two days at the Shehu Musa Yar'Adua Centre in Abuja from August 25 to 26, 2005 at a "National Conference on: Elections 2007: Defending the People's Mandate" to develop a framework for protecting the sanctity of elections in Nigeria.
		Participants at the Conference agreed that elections in Nigeria should appropriately be a multi-stakeholder project in which various tiers and branches of Government, political parties, civil society organizations, faith-based organizations, the media, and other sectors have important roles to play.
		In addition to encouraging their members to vote at elections, such civic education should also be aimed at enlightening them on how to vote, how to conduct themselves during elections, and discouraging illegal or anti-social behaviour.
	www.utexas.edu /conferences/africa/ads/1056.html (1587 words)

	Nigeria tries to break from military past \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Badmus's complaint is one of many irregularities lodged since Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation, began a landmark cycle of national elections that culminates in presidential and gubernatorial polls on Saturday.
		The elections are a critical stage of Nigeria's attempt to break a culture of military rule that has prevailed for most of its postcolonial history.
		International observers say it is impossible to judge if the parliamentary election was rigged, although they point to serious problems with the logistics of the polls, including public voting, lack of transparency in the tallying, and late distribution of voting cards to the registered electorate of almost 61 million.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/0417/p07s02-woaf.html (911 words)

	Elections in Nigeria
		Nigeria is an incredibly rich country, sitting on a lot of oil, and yet it has lived through a succession of dictators.
		We lost an opportunity in Nigeria when within a secular constitution encroachments were made, blatantly, openly, by advocates of Islamic law.
		He explained that the restiveness in the Nigeria Delta arose from years of accumulated neglect by oil companies operating in the region as well as past governments.
	www.strudeltimes.it /elections_in_nigeria.htm (1483 words)

	Analysis of Nigeria's Elections - 2003
		CDD’s engagement with the last election took the form of an observation and research project which, though limited in scale, took in all six geo-political zones of the country and all stages from the commencement of campaigning to the announcement of results.
		In addition we benefited from our long-standing involvement with the democratisation process in Nigeria and were thus in a position to investigate certain issues which, we feel, complement the oversights published by the international observers and the coverage of large domestic observer groups.
		The institutional impediments surrounding the administration of the elections made it difficult for INEC to have avoided the inadequacies prevalent in the elections even if it wasn’t the election authorities’ intention to administer fraudulent elections.
	www.cdd.org.uk /resources/elections/nigeria_election_analysis_2003.htm (2620 words)

	Nigeriaworld -- Lessons from the United States (2004), and Nigeria (2003) elections, not so funny OBJ
		Unfortunately, in Nigeria, after more than a year after the election, Buhari is still chasing the election shadow, now heading to the Supreme Court after the Ogun State election fraud and Anambra confession, instead for him to work with the current administration.
		What Nigeria went through in 2003, have been done in the US in the 20s; when people carry ballot boxes to their homes, stuffed envelopes with 'green' to get peoples' vote, and the disappearance of ballot boxes.
		Whatever the analysis of the election results both in America and Nigeria, what is certain is that either side are driven by patriotism, duty, vanity, vision, and in some cases a lifelong disdain for each other.
	nigeriaworld.com /columnist/ajayi/012405.html (2471 words)

	Nigeria Elections
		Report and statements of the Commonwealth Observer Group on the National Assembly and Presidential Elections in Nigeria 12 and 19 April 2003.
		Nigeria Parliamentary April 12, 2003, Nigeria Presidential April 19, 2003.
		"The 2003 elections in Nigeria promise to be a critical moment for democratic consolidation in Nigeria.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/nigeria/nigeriaelection.html (1732 words)

	NIGERIA: parliamentary elections Senate, 1992
		Elections were held for all seats in Parliament as part of a programme to return Nigeria to civilian rule after nine years of military rule.
		The elections were held against a background of economic and financial crisis which had brought a lot of hardship for Nigerians.
		In the election campaign, both parties focused on virtually the same issues, basically promising Nigerians a better life.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/arc/2364_92.htm (475 words)

	Elections Nigeria - Nigerian Elections - Worldpress.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Broadly speaking, all across Nigeria powerful men are quick to play on the despair and frustration of a nation still waiting for some tangible benefit from the democracy that was inaugurated in 1999 after 15 years of military dictatorship.
		Nigeria is a country where alliances and disagreements are less about ideology—the press here frequently complains that none of the parties has a platform—than venality.
		In Nigeria, where capitalism is practiced red in tooth and claw, Marshall Harry could readily have been the victim of a purely criminal settling of scores.
	www.worldpress.org /Africa/1048.cfm (1028 words)

	CNN.com - Nigeria pushes for democracy - Apr. 18, 2003
		As people lined up to cast their votes in Nigeria's elections last weekend, the scene was one of chaos and confusion.
		As the country prepares for a change of government, Nigeria is at a crossroads.
		As for whether Nigeria will be able to achieve that milestone with this weekend's elections is still not known.
	www.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/africa/04/18/nigeria.election/index.html (383 words)

	Elections in Nigeria: Sharia could trigger a religious war
		Professor Ike was born in the Islamic stronghold Gusau, the capital of the northern Nigerian federal state of Zamfara, which was the first state to re-introduce the sharia penal laws with their barbaric forms of punishment.
		ISHR has a national group in Nigeria which is committed to pluralism and religious tolerance in the multinational state.
		Large-scale election results falsification as well as intimidation and obstruction of voters are expected.
	www.ishr.org /press/pr2003/feb03/030225nigeria.htm (536 words)

	USAID Africa: Nigeria
		Nigeria is the fifth largest exporter of oil to the United States, and there is more U.S. investment in Nigeria than in any other country in Africa.
		Although Nigeria is a major oil producer, oil revenues amount to less than $150 per capita per year and provide little benefit to the majority of Nigeria’s citizens.
		Nigeria accounts for nearly 10 percent of the HIV/AIDS burden in the world, with 4 million of its citizens living with the infection, a number that may increase to between 7 and 9 million by 2010.
	www.usaid.gov /locations/sub-saharan_africa/countries/nigeria (749 words)

	Nigeria's News:US. States Dept. and Whitehouse Responses on Nigeria's Elections
		On interviewing the spokes person for the Whitehouse, he indicates that President Clinton has been closely involved with the Nigeria elections and speaks to General Abubakar the successor of the ruthless General Abacha from time to time.
		US strongly supports Nigeria's transition to civilian democratic government, and has since lifted many sanctions on Nigeria -- including that of the visa restrictions.
		President Clinton comments on the elections that, the success of the Nigeria election is a major step forward although it is by no means perfect, but all Nigerians should support the democratization of Nigeria.
	www.outcrybookreview.com /NigeriaNews2.htm (430 words)

	Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		According to the commission's programme, the National Assembly (Nigeria's equivalent of Congress) election will take place on April 12, 2003 while the Presidential and Gubernatorial (Governorship) elections take place a week later on April 19, 2003.
		The state Houses of Assembly elections are slated for May 3rd, 2003.
		Elections in Nigeria are conducted on the basis of universal adult suffrage.
	www.nigeriaembassyusa.org /012203_1.shtml (162 words)

	Nigeria Elections - 2002-05-02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nigeria's next presidential election is at least a year away.
		He says instead of talking about how well or not the president has performed he is being presented as the only person who can maintain Nigeria’s unity just as the late military ruler – Sani Abacha was said to be Nigeria’s only saviour before his sudden death in 1999.
		They say since the Independent National Electoral Commission - INEC -- is in the process of considering the applications of new parties to be registered and allowed to contest elections, it is difficult now to know the number, character and program of other presidential candidates who may emerge.
	www.voanews.com /english/archive/2002-05/a-2002-05-02-31-Nigeria.cfm (874 words)

	Elections in Nigeria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Elections in Nigeria gives information on election and election results in Nigeria.
		Nigeria elects on federal level a head of state (the President of Nigeria) and a legislature (the National Assembly).
		Nigeria has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and a third party that is electorally successful.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_Nigeria (239 words)

	Nigeria 2003 Elections Sub Site \| NigeriaBusinessInfo.com
		Putting a date to the history of politics and by extension elections in Nigeria can be a bit tricky as a starting point can as well extend beyond pre-colonial periods, when the present day modern Nigeria was more or less an unformed embryo.
		What is called Nigeria today was the result of Sir Frederick Lugards’ amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorate in 1914, with the whole territory named the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria.
		With the exit of Lugard in 1920, Nigeria experienced 4 successive constitutional changes with the Hugh Clifford Constitution of 1922 being the first followed by the Richards’ 1946 Constitution, 1951 Macpherson’s Constitution and the Federal Constitution of 1954 popularly known as the Lyttelton’s Constitution.
	www.nigeriabusinessinfo.com /nigeria-elections2003 (874 words)

	Nigerian Elections - Nigeria - Worldpress.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As for most of the so-called new parties, most have, by the conduct of their leaders, shown that they have nothing to offer Nigerians except the bloody struggle for power by all means.
		Nigeria has never been bereft of credible political parties in their true sense.
		In the First Republic [1960-66], the ruling party, the Nigerian People’s Congress (NPC), was known for its traditional conservatism and pro-capitalist bent, the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) for its centrist inclination, the Action Group for its left-of-center makeup, and the Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU) for its far-left posture.
	www.worldpress.org /Africa/1004.cfm (1567 words)

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