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	Swaziland (11/06)
		Swaziland’s Court of Appeals resumed hearing cases in late 2004 after a two-year absence in protest of the government’s refusal to abide by the court’s decisions in two important rulings.
		Swaziland became eligible for the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) in 2000 and qualified for the apparel provision in 2001.
		Swaziland, Lesotho, Namibia, and South Africa also are members of the Common Monetary Area (CMA) in which repatriation and unrestricted funds are permitted.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2841.htm (3118 words)

	NDI - National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
		Swaziland is the last country in the Southern African region that has not undertaken a democratic transition to multi-party politics.
		Coupled with the national elections, the kingdom is undertaking a constitutional review process aimed at developing a constitution to replace the 1973 Decree that banned political parties.
		The election component of the program consisted of a series of voter education and candidate training exercises including workshops as well as print and broadcast support of the process.
	www.ndi.org /worldwide/safrica/swaziland/swaziland_pf.asp (476 words)

	Politics of Swaziland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Swaziland today is foremost ruled by a monarch, although for all of its administrative history prior to British colonization in 1903, it might have more properly been called a diarchy.
		History is short, however, and in Swaziland's case is punctuated with a 65 year reign (including a 23 year regency) of Sobhuza II of Swaziland.
		An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Swaziland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Swaziland (1583 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Africa - Swaziland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Today, Swaziland is governed as a modified traditional monarchy with executive, legislative, and limited judicial powers ultimately vested in the King (Mswati III).
		The September municipal elections and 1998 parliamentary and municipal elections increased representative government; however, political power continues to rest largely with the King and his circle of traditional advisors, including the Queen Mother.
		Swaziland will be compared with Japan (country with a low crime rate) and USA (country with a high crime rate).
	www.rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/africa/swaziland.html (4653 words)

	SWAZILAND: parliamentary elections House of Assembly, 1993
		Elections were held for all elective seats in the House of Assembly following dissolution of the Parliament in late October 1992.
		Primary elections were to be held on 26 September, while the secondary elections were billed for 11 October.
		The main campaign issue was the future role of the King, with members of the royal family arguing for a continuing strong executive role for the monarch as a guarantee of stability.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/arc/2301_93.htm (490 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| world news 'Boycott victory' in Swazi elections
		Opposition groups in Swaziland claimed victory in a campaign to get voters to stay away from the tiny southern African kingdom's elections, but some critics said they believed the activists missed a chance to fight the country's complex, non-party-based political system from within.
		Election officials on Monday gave the names of 52 out of 55 elected representatives to the lower house, saying voting did not take place in three constituencies or "inkhundla" because of disputes, which first needed to be solved in court and would only take place on a later date.
		Swaziland's upper house and last executive body, the Senate, is selected from 10 representatives from the lower House of Assembly while the king appoints 20 others — at least eight of them must be women.
	iafrica.com /news/worldnews/279807.htm (730 words)

	History of Swaziland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		A constitutional committee agreed on a constitutional monarchy for Swaziland, with self-government to follow parliamentary elections in 1967.
		Swaziland's post-independence elections were held in May 1972.
		Swaziland has been without a Court of Appeals since the Court’s resignation en masse in December 2002 in protest of the government’s refusal to abide by the Court’s decisions in two important rulings.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/swaziland.html (900 words)

	Swaziland - Country Profile
		In Swaziland's Eastern lowland communities the twin menace of AIDS and famine is leaving a legacy of hungry orphans dependent on frail, impoverished grandparents.
		Following elections in 1964 in which Swazis were allowed to vote for the first time, the INM under King Sobhuza emerged as the strongest national party.
		Of the million people living in Swaziland, around 47% are under the age of fifteen, meaning it is an extremely young country.
	www.wvi.org /wvi/country_profile/profiles/swaziland.htm (731 words)

	A short history of Swaziland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Swaziland has to accept a protectorate of the Boer Republic of Transvaal in 1894, but after the Boer Wars Britain establishes in 1902 a protectorate over Swaziland.
		Responding to pressure for political change, elections for the first legislative council in which the Swazis would participate are held in 1964.
		Swaziland is from that moment on an absolute monarchy, which doesn't allow parties to participate in the legislative elections.
	www.electionworld.org /history/swaziland.htm (346 words)

	MapUp.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Swaziland's UN Mission is at 408 East 50th Street, New York, NY 10022 (tel: 212-371-8910; fax: 212-754-2755).
		Swaziland became eligible for the Africian Growth and Oppertunity Act (AGOA) in 2000 and qualified for the apparel provision in 2001.
		Swaziland issues its own currency, the lilangeni (plural: emalangeni), which is at par with the South African rand.
	mapup.com /africa/swaziland.html (2236 words)

	Green Left - Sham elections set in Swaziland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The government of Swaziland is reported to be using drought relief aid to lure voters to register under a widely rejected system of elections.
		Swaziland has had a democracy drought for 20 years after the traditionalist party, Imbokodvo National Movement, advised the late King Sobhuza II to repeal the independence constitution and declare a state of emergency which still remains in force.
		The significance of the slight upset at the 1972 polls was that it unseated a prince.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1993/118/5292 (965 words)

	Swaziland
		Swaziland is a modified traditional monarchy with executive, legislative, and limited judicial powers ultimately vested in the King (Mswati III).
		Election officials reported that approximately 228,000 of the 400,000 eligible citizens registered for the parliamentary elections, and that approximately 40,000 citizens voted, although critics questioned that figure.
		Election procedures generally were carried out in an orderly fashion; however, police arrested several persons for using forged voter registration certificates and for trying to vote more than once.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27754.htm (6561 words)

	CNN.com - Police, army disperse striking workers in Swaziland - Aug. 13, 2003
		Swaziland has been warned that it faces possible expulsion from the Commonwealth if it does not resolve the political and judicial crisis in the country.
		Political parties are not allowed in Swaziland and the draft constitution does not change that.
		Swaziland won independence in 1968 from Britain, which left it with a democratic constitution establishing a constitutional monarchy and a bill of rights.
	cnn.com /2003/WORLD/africa/08/13/swaziland.protest.ap/index.html (451 words)

	[No title]
		Swaziland's UN Mission is at 866 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 (212 371- 8910).
		Swaziland, Lesotho, Namibia, and South Africa are also joined in the Common Monetary Area (CMA), in which the free transfer and unrestricted use of funds are permitted.
		Climate: Swaziland's climate is moderate, similar to that of the middle Atlantic states but drier and with the seasons reversed.
	www.umsl.edu /services/govdocs/backgroundnotes/swaziland.txt (2426 words)

	afrol News - Swaziland News
		A Swazi court is to look into the demand by the alleged killer of 34 women to ban media reports of his trial, which has generated a massive interest in the small kingdom.
		Swaziland meanwhile is experiencing the steepest increase in attacks on the press in Southern Africa.
		Swaziland already suffers from disinterest from development partners due to the King's personal spending and the undemocratic governance.
	www.afrol.com /countries/swaziland/news (974 words)

	Harvard International Review: Unfit for a King
		The recent elections in Swaziland were held under the auspices of King Mswati II’s autocratic rule and effectively brought traditional political institutions and the modern democratic state to a crossroads.
		Swaziland gained independence from British colonial rule in 1968, after the charismatic King Sobhuza II successfully steered the nation to full international sovereignty with surprisingly little bloodshed.
		Twenty-five percent of Swaziland’s population is currently infected with HIV, and the high presence of AIDS in this small landlocked country has exacerbated the impact of drought, bringing over 20 percent of the population under direct aid.
	hir.harvard.edu /articles/print.php?article=1203 (734 words)

	Map Zones : Swaziland Map
		Swaziland has asked South Africa to open negotiations on reincorporating some nearby South African territories that are populated by ethnic Swazis or that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom
		Swaziland, small, independent monarchy, southern Africa, bordered on the east by Mozambique and on the south-east, south, west, and north by South Africa.
		The amalgamation brought together clans already living in the area that is now Swaziland, many of whom were of Sotho origin, and clans of Nguni origin who entered the country with the Dlamini in the early 19th century.
	kids.mapzones.com /world/swaziland (2322 words)

	Afrol Swaziland Index Page: Links to Swaziland
		Swaziland Business offers a daily service of economic news about the country, with links to some related government sites of Swaziland and Africa.
		Swaziland Economic Development and Indicators is an annual NewAfrica country profile on their pages about African economy.
		Elections in Swaziland is a document realized by the website Elections around the world.
	www.afrol.com /Index/countries/swazilandindex.htm (2069 words)

	BBC News \| Africa \| Rain stops Swazi poll
		Torrential rain has caused Friday's parliamentary elections in Swaziland to be adjourned until next week.
		With political parties banned from taking part in the election, voting is in effect a process of confirming a group of candidates endorsed by the court of King Mswati III.
		A BBC correspondent in the region says Swaziland stands out in Southern Africa as the last bastion of traditional rule in a region which has otherwise embraced democratic reform.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/195067.stm (308 words)

	Preamble
		The territory of Swaziland comprises all the land that immediately before the 6th September 1968 comprised the former Protected State of Swaziland together with such additional land as may from time to time be declared to form part of Swaziland in accordance with international law.
		Swaziland shall be a democratic country dedicated to principles which empower and encourage the active participation of all citizens at all levels in their own governance.
		For purposes of this section, nomination or election at “primary” or “secondary” level means nomination or election of the elected member of Parliament or Bucopho as the case may be at the level of chiefdom or polling division or inkhundla respectively.
	www.cmseducation.org /wconsts/swaziland.html (17505 words)

	Swaziland: A bitter taste to the sugarcane - Southern Africa Miscellaneous - Anarkismo
		Those in Swaziland have few ideas on how to achieve their freedom except praying, because wearing the T-shirt of the local movement can be leading to misery.
		In Swaziland the masses were promised that immediately after South Africa was freed, Swaziland would be liberated, but until this day, the masses are still waiting.
		Swaziland is not undergoing a national liberation struggle in the conventional sense.
	www.anarkismo.net /newswire.php?story_id=529 (2796 words)

	Swaziland News Online (1) - 5/4/98
		Swazilandís National Trust Commission (SNTC) is fighting the license and has cited Section 23 of the SNTC Act of 1973, which prohibits digging, mining or excavation in any of the kingdomís proclaimed nature reserves.
		Swaziland justice minister, Chief Maweni Simelane, stressed that the kingdom had all the required equipment for executions at Sidwashini Prison and that the sudden upsurge in death sentences delivered by courts had forced the government to "revive" the practice of hanging criminals.
		Swazilandís public prosecution director, Musa Ntsibande, added that the kingdomís last execution was in 1983, when high profile Mbabane businesswoman, Phillipa Mdluli, was hanged for the ritual murder of her domestic servantís son.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Newsletters/szno1.html (2858 words)

	Elections in Swaziland
		Parliament [bicameral]: Senate (30 Seats) 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the King; House of Assembly (60 Seats) 55 Members are elected by popular vote to serve 5-year terms and 10 members are appointed by the King.
		There were two rolls in the election, the "National Roll" for Africans and the "European Roll" for whites.
		November 1987 House of Assembly Election (50 Seats; 40 indirectly elected and 10 appointed by the King)
	africanelections.tripod.com /sz.html (307 words)

	Celebrities back in the limelight for parliamentary poll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		In a conservative society where male elders are traditionally chosen for positions of authority, an unprecedented number of teenagers and women have been selected by their communities this week to compete in the primaries for the 55 seats in the House of Assembly.
		One of the two former Miss Swazilands nominated to stand for next month's primary elections, Vinah Mamba, who was the first Miss Swaziland in 1972 and has subsequently kept a high profile by organising other beauty pageants, told prospective constituents that she would "work to improve the National Arts Council."
		None of their positions on the issues facing Swaziland are known.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=36246 (823 words)

	Travel Comments - Backpacker Guide through Southern Africa - Links
		Swaziland is the smallest country in Southern Africa and in the southern hemisphere.
		In tourist point of view Swaziland has great parks with great variety of wildlife and it is well-known for handicrafts.
		Swaziland is probably one of the most relaxed place travellers can experience.
	www.travelcomments.com /desti_check_swaziland.htm (207 words)

	Swaziland in 1995
		When the Zulu began their expansion in 1830, the Sotho people to the west and the Swazi to the east managed to resist the onslaught of Shaka's disciplined warriors thanks to the leadership of their respective kings, Moshoeshoe and Sobhuza.
		The fl people of Swaziland were thus saved from the ordeal of apartheid but they hardly fared better under the traditionally absolutist monarchy who owned all the land and leased the better parts of it to white settlers
		The first elections for a cosmetic National Assembly were held in 1993 but real power remains in the King's hands.
	berclo.net /page95/95en-swaziland.html (323 words)

	afrika.no - Swaziland: System of governance under spotlight as elections end
		The elections in Swaziland are over and 52 new members have been elected to form parliament.
		Swaziland has a style of democracy that has a deep mistrust of political organisations.
		Jan Sithole, the Secretary General of the Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions, described the elections as nothing more than an advert for job opportunities in a country plagued by high levels of unemployment.
	www.afrika.no /Detailed/4251.html (429 words)

	Web Directory » Web Directory » Regional » Africa » Swaziland » Government
		Central Bank of Swaziland - With an explanation of the central bank's mission, monetary surveys back to 1980, and bill tenders.
		CIA - Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments: Swaziland - List of government officials and their titles, updated weekly.
		Swaziland - Central Statistical Office - Provides highlights of demographic data from most recent census, as well as economic statistics.
	dcpages.com /DC_ODP/?c=Regional/Africa/Swaziland/Government (314 words)

	SWAZILAND: parliamentary elections House of Assembly, 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Elections were held for all elective seats of the House of Assembly on the normal expiry of the members' term of office.
		Analysts interpreted this as a move aimed at countering a campaign by opposition political groups for a boycott of the non-party elections.
		Due to heavy rains, the authorities suspended the elections and rescheduled them for 24 October.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/arc/2301_98.htm (265 words)

	Swaziland's Opposition Party Met In South Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Swaziland’s main opposition party, the Peoples United Democratic Movement (Pudemo) recently held its annual meeting in neighboring South Africa.
		Masuku says, “After receiving presentations by independent well informed speakers, it was decided that the constitution of Swaziland is undemocratic and therefore we cannot participate within it.
		That means we cannot at the moment participate in national elections and everything.
	www.voanews.com /english/Africa/2006-07-06-voa41.cfm (527 words)

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