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Politics of Switzerland

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	Swiss elections, 2003 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Legislative elections in the Swiss Confederation were held on 19 October 2003.
		Although in Switzerland's peculiar political system, in which all four major parties form a coalition, it's very hard to achieve a change of government, this election produced an upset in the strong showing of the right-wing, anti-European Union and anti-immigration Swiss People's Party.
		In the aftermath of the elections Ruth Metzler-Arnold, one of the two Christian Democrats in the Federal Council was replaced by Christoph Blocher, the most influential politician in the Swiss People's Party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swiss_elections,_2003 (334 words)

	Switzerland
		Switzerland managed to maintain its neutrality in the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48), and at the end of the war the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) recognized the final separation of Switzerland from the Habsburg Empire.
		Switzerland participated in a non-military capacity by organizing Red Cross units, tracing the missing, and permitting incapacitated prisoners of war to be interned within its frontiers.
		Switzerland’s far-right People’s Party, which was hostile to immigration and against joining the EU, made spectacular electoral gains in parliamentary elections held in October 1999, emerging as the second strongest force in parliament.
	www.uk.tiscali.com /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0019866.html (2662 words)

	Politics of Switzerland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Switzerland is a federal republic, and perhaps the closest state in the world to a direct democracy.
		In the elections of 2003 the People's Party (formerly the smallest of the 4 parties represented in the Federal Council) gained a plurality of seats in the National Council and received (effective January 1, 2004) a second seat in the Federal Council, reducing the share of the Christian Democratic party to 1 seat.
		The last elections to the National Council were held in 2003, see elections of 2003 for more details.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland (765 words)

	Elections in Switzerland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Elections in Switzerland gives information on election and election results in Switzerland.
		Switzerland elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.
		Switzerland has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland (179 words)

	Issihk.com - Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Switzerland's highest peak, the 4634-m (15,203-ft) Dufourspitze, is located in a southern range of the Alps.
		The population of Switzerland (1995 estimate) is 6,955,000, mostly concentrated in the plateau.
		Switzerland does not maintain a standing army, so compulsory service for men between the ages of 20 and 50 is only for short periods of training.
	www.issihk.com /switzerland.htm (981 words)

	Switzerland (07/05)
		Switzerland is a federal state composed of 26 cantons (20 are "full" cantons and six "half" cantons for purposes of representation in the federal legislature) that retain attributes of sovereignty, such as fiscal autonomy and the right to manage internal cantonal affairs.
		Traditionally, Switzerland has avoided alliances that might entail military, political, or direct economic action, but in recent years the Swiss have broadened the scope of activities in which they feel able to participate without compromising their neutrality.
		Switzerland (mainly Geneva) is home to many international governmental and nongovernmental organizations, including the International Committee of the Red Cross (whose flag is essentially the Swiss flag with colors reversed, the Red Cross historically being a Swiss organization).
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3431.htm (6486 words)

	Switzerland's hard right expected to come out on top in elections
		Like many western European neighbours, Switzerland saw a surge in the number of refugees entering the country in the 1990s during the wars in the Balkans, a period which coincided with the SVP's political gains.
		All 200 seats in the lower house, the National Council, are due to be elected for a four-year term as well as 41 of the 46 seats in the upper house, the Council of States.
		The election is heavily decentralised and polling booths opened several days ago in some of the 26 cantons, while the postal ballot is also popular.
	quickstart.clari.net /qs_se/webnews/wed/di/Qswitzerland-vote.RUXY_DOI.html (613 words)

	Election 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The key issues during the election campaign, and those likely to dominate the next parliament, were the economy, pensions and health.
		In most democracies, elections are eagerly awaited as they open the way for the formation of a new government.
		Unemployment, the economy and reform of Switzerland’s welfare system are the priorities for the Radical Party in its election campaign.
	www.swissinfo.org /sen/swissinfo.html?siteSect=2050 (530 words)

	Idaho Observer: Switzerland: Old-fashioned direct democracy
		Switzerland is the “votingest” nation in the world and her people are generally confident that elections are fair and vote counts are accurate.
		In Switzerland all adults over 18, who are not incapacitated or have had their voting rights suspended from criminal convictions, are qualified to vote.
		In advance of a scheduled election or vote, the residents' registration office sends the official voting material (including paper ballots) to every person qualified to vote and communicates location of the polling place and the hours the polls will be open.
	www.proliberty.com /observer/20031109.htm (1255 words)

	Speakers in General Assembly Urge Israel, Palestinians to Seize New Hope Presented by January 2005 Elections for Wider ...
		The organization of elections under foreign occupation, however, would be difficult, if not impossible, especially played out against the backdrop of assassination and imprisonment of key Palestinian political figures, illegal settlement activity, as well as the continued construction of the illegal separation wall, he said.
		PETER MAURER (Switzerland) said that the spiral of Middle East violence continued to claim innocent Palestinian and Israeli lives, and the humanitarian situation was still deteriorating in the occupied Palestinian territory.
		Concerning the wall and other matters, Switzerland, as the depository State of the Geneva Conventions, was mandated to conduct consultations on the advisory opinion of the ICJ and would in due course inform the Assembly of the results.
	www.unis.unvienna.org /unis/pressrels/2004/ga10307.html (11663 words)

	Politics of Switzerland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This " magic formula " has also been criticised--in the 1960s for excluding leftist opposition parties, in the 1980s for excluding the emerging Green party, and after the 1999 election particularly by the People's Party, which had by then grown from the fourth largest to the largest party.
		Switzerland being a multilingual nation, the Federal Assembly has three names:
		In recent years, Switzerland has seen a gradual shift in the party landscape.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland (765 words)

	Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When modern Switzerland was founded in 1848, the electoral rules for the National Council were winner-take-all in single member districts such as FPTP, see First Past the Post (FPTP).
		If Switzerland were treated as a single electoral district, only one-half of one percent of the vote would be needed to win one of the 200 National Council seats.
		The founders of modern Switzerland anticipated that the voters would be open to change, but the opposite was true and the referendum has often had a delaying effect.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/es/esy_ch.htm (1185 words)

	general elections in switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Finally the participation rate rose by 2.7 points in comparison with the 1999 elections, hence confirming the slowing in the rise of the abstention level.
		The UDC leader in Zurich Christoph Blocher transformed this agrarian movement, that defended the rights of small landowners in German speaking Switzerland, that encountered a 10% threshold amongst the electorate for many years, into a major political force: 29 seats in 1995, 44 in 1999 and 55 today.
		The federal elections demonstrated the increase in the electorate's polarisation.
	www.robert-schuman.org /anglais/oee/suisse/resultats.htm (1269 words)

	Direct Democracy: Elections in Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These elections are held throughout Switzerland in the last weekend in October.
		The organisation of elections for the 46 members of the Council of States (the smaller chamber) is left to the cantons; this means that the cantons are not tied to the federal election date.
		Elections to the National Council use the system of proportional representation.
	www.swissworld.org /dvd_rom/eng/direct_democracy_2004/content/elections/elections.html (218 words)

	Interview with Chris Patten on EU-Switzerland relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The proposal is to have a meeting between the Switzerland, the EU Presidency and the Commission.
		Therefore, for Switzerland to participate in the present Schengen scheme of cooperation, as well as to be able to participate in its further development, the so called “acquis” it must at the very least accept those basic principles.
		Switzerland will benefit from the enlarged Internal Market through a series of bilateral agreements in a way which is comparable - with some exceptions — to the way in which the European Economic Area benefits.
	www.naturall.info /comm/external_relations/news/patten/swiss11_03.htm (1887 words)

	Articles - Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The elements liberal, radical and "free-thinking" (German freisinnig) in the party's name suggest a left-wing party, while in the current political landscape of Switzerland, the FDP is center-right.
		This is because the name dates back to the conflicts between the catholic conservative cantons and the protestant liberal cantons that led to the foundation of the Swiss federal state in 1848.
		It was only with the rise of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland in the early 20th century that the FDP found itself on the right side of the political center.
	1-helmets.com /articles/Radical_Free_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland (353 words)

	Switzerland
		Switzerland, in central Europe, is the land of the Alps.
		Its tallest peak is the Dufourspitze at 15,203 ft (4,634 m) on the Swiss side of the Italian border, one of 10 summits of the Monte Rose massif.
		Most of Switzerland is composed of a mountainous plateau bordered by the great bulk of the Alps on the south and by the Jura Mountains on the northwest.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0108012.html (745 words)

	general elections in switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		October the Swiss are being called to vote in a new National Council, the lower Chamber of Parliament and part of the State Council, the upper Chamber (forty one of the forty six members).
		As in many countries in Europe political life in Switzerland is decreasingly influenced by the left-right split and is increasingly divided by a new political rift - where modernity and opening opposes tradition and withdrawal.
		Just before the election in 1999 problems surrounding political asylum and immigration were the source of most worry for the German citizens; the economic situation and unemployment worried the French speaking Swiss the most.
	www.robert-schuman.org /anglais/oee/suisse/default.htm (2040 words)

	Women in parliaments
		For virtually all the 189 countries mentioned in the study, it gives the foundation date of the parliamentary institution and, in the case of the 123 countries having attained sovereignty after 1945, the date of such accession, whether resulting from a decolonization process or from dissolution of the federation of which they were part.
		In Nauru it was only in the eighth legislative elections, nearly 20 years after the country's accession to sovereignty and the granting of voting rights to women, that a woman eventually won a seat.
		On the other hand, the repeated election of women Presidents of the Assembly or a Chamber of it is to be noted in Austria, Canada, Dominica, Finland, Germany, Guatemala, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Sweden and Switzerland, together with the former SFR of Yugoslavia.
	www.ipu.org /wmn-e/dstrseat.htm (3400 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This election saw a polarization in the Swiss political environment.
		Switzerland has a federal structure with three different political levels.
		This is the term used in Switzerland to describe the State.
	www.swissemb.org /press/releases/121003-3.html (661 words)

	Switzerland - Atlapedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is bound by Liechtenstein and Austria to the east, Italy to the south, France to the west and Germany to the north.
		In 1992 the Switzerland's economy continued to struggle for a third year with unemployment rising and the number of bankruptcies increasing.
		On Dec. 6, 1992 a referendum on Switzerland's draft agreement to join the EEA was rejected by 50.3% of voters, although opinion polls indicated up to 60% supported for it.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/switzer.htm (1007 words)

	Switzerland
		Switzerland is also known as "Confoederatio Helvetica", therefore the abbreviation CH.
		The capital of Switzerland is Bern City, also the capital of the canton Bern.
		Switzerland consists of 23 Kantone (singular Kanton, cantons or states), 3 of them are divided into Halb-Kantone ("split states") with the following authorities:
	www.bridgeguys.com /International/Switzerland.html (860 words)

	Elections in Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Switzerland ( German : Schweiz - French : Suisse - Italian : Svizzera - Romansh : Svizra) is a country in Central Europe.
		Switzerland has a population of around 7,3 million on 39,770 km².
		Freedom House rated the country on political rights with a 1 and on civil rights with a 1, both on a scale of 1 to 7 (in which 1 is the most free).
	www.electionworld.org /switzerland.htm (484 words)

	Antisemitism Worldwide 2003/4 - Switzerland
		Because of its strong position after the elections, the SVP demanded a second SVP seat in the seven-member Federal Council, for Christoph Blocher.
		On 24 October 2004 a PNOS party member was elected, with 415 votes (2.4 percent of the vote) to the city council of Langenthal (Aargau canton).
		In the elections to the National Council in October 2003 (in which 11 parties participated), the PNOS obtained 0.2 percent of the votes, a not insignificant result given that it only began running in elections that year.
	www.tau.ac.il /Anti-Semitism/asw2003-4/switzerland.htm (3512 words)

	Encyclopedia: Swiss elections, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although in Switzerland's peculiar political system, in which all four major parties form a permanent coalition, there can never be a change of government, this election produced an upset in the strong showing of the right-wing, anti-European Union and anti-immigration People's Party, led by Christoph Blocher.
		Because voting is conducted on a cantonal basis, detailed national voting statistics cannot yet be displayed here.
		Election results ( http://www.ch03.ch) in German, French, Italian, Romansh
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Swiss-elections,-2003 (342 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| European press review
		"Several ministers learnt to their cost yesterday that belonging to the Jospin government doesn't constitute a comprehensive election insurance," the paper says, referring to the failure of several ministers to be elected mayor in their chosen towns and cities.
		Geneva's Le Temps believes the results confirm that the municipal elections are "above all about local issues" and that "the outgoing teams who have carried out effective work have won, whatever their political tendencies are".
		Even though the outcome of the elections will not be known until after the second round next weekend, "there was nevertheless an historic landslide to be celebrated yesterday," the paper says.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/europe/newsid_1215000/1215272.stm (1114 words)

	Switzerland: PNOS in elections - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Without sending any party leaflets the election was contested with only a budget of CHF 300.- which will make many green with envy.
		We were not counting on an election victory (as stated in a press statement on 5.8.2003) and it was not our intention to send a candidate to Berne.
		This time PNOS used the national elections skilfully as a stage for our ideas and forced the system parties to report objectively on the confederate-socialist opposition enabling us to bring the contents our party programme into the public domain.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=160849 (1333 words)

	SOUTH AFRICA SWISS RELATIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The new Swiss development programme in South Africa is a concrete testimony of the readiness of Switzerland to contribute to the reconstruction and development process.
		South Africa is by far Switzerland's most important trading partner on the African Continent and had an overall trade volume of CHF 953 million in 1997.
		In the field of investment, Switzerland is an important partner for South Africa.
	www.polity.org.za /govdocs/pr/1998/pr0519.html (1064 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Leo XIII
		On the very day of his election, when notifying the emperor of the event, he expressed the hope of seeing relations with the German Government re-established, and, though the emperor's reply was coldly civil, the ice was broken.
		During Pope Leo's pontificate the condition of the Church in Switzerland improved somewhat, especially in the Ficino, in Aargau, and in Basle.
		His idea was that once the Catholics abstained from voting, the subversive elements in the country would get the upper hand and the Italian Government be obliged to come to terms with the Holy See.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09169a.htm (4429 words)

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