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Topic: Elections in Tonga

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	Tonga (country) - MSN Encarta
		Tonga is a hereditary constitutional monarchy governed under a constitution promulgated in 1875 and revised in 1967.
		Elections are held every three years; all citizens aged 21 and over are eligible to vote.
		Tonga is a member of the United Nations (UN), the Commonwealth of Nations, and the South Pacific Forum, a regional organization that addresses the foreign affairs and international trade of its member countries.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761564527_2/Tonga_(country).html (599 words)

	Politics of Tonga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For most of the 20th century Tonga was quiet, inward-looking, and somewhat isolated from developments elsewhere in the world.
		Tonga's complex social structure is essentially broken into three tiers: the king, the nobles, and the commoners.
		Tonga's court system consists of the Court of Appeal (Privy Council), the Supreme Court, the Magistrates' Court, and the Land Court.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Tonga (1326 words)

	Tonga - Country information - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
		Tonga's foreign policy is one of independent "friendship to all" but its practical focus is on the facilitation of foreign development co-operation, including trade.
		Tonga maintains a limited diplomatic presence overseas, with a High Commissioner resident in London, an Ambassador in Beijing and a permanent representative at the UN in New York.
		Tonga is a growing tourism destination for eco-tourists, with whale watching and diving among the popular activities.
	www.dfat.gov.au /geo/tonga/tonga_brief.html (1816 words)

	Tonga on the 'NET - Island Snapshot 970227
		Tonga claims registration rights to the slot, while Pasifik Satelit (Nusantara) of Indonesia, Indonesia's commercial venture dealing with satellites, claims the slot was registered by Indonesia in 1993 and the APSTAR 1A satellite launched under the Tonga registration has not been properly coordinated with world authorities.
		Tonga says this was for a limited time only, with the Indonesia arm undartaking to have itts customers relocate, using other bands not later than six months form the time of the agreement.
		Tonga further says that the agreement was purely by grace and favour and had no contractual basis either concerning the time limit or the period after the time had expired.
	www.tongatapu.net.to /tonga/news/briefs/ss970227.htm (1242 words)

	Tonga rioting forces pledge of democratic reform - CNN.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The government had agreed to new elections in 2008 in which a majority of the parliament would be directly elected by popular vote, it said.
		Tonga, a group of 170 coral and volcanic islands about 2,000 kilometers (1,250 miles) north of New Zealand, saw unprecedented protests in May 2005, when 10,000 people -- a tenth of the population -- took to the streets demanding democracy and public ownership of key assets.
		There are no universal elections in Tonga, where 10 of the 14 cabinet posts in government are appointed by the monarchy for life.
	www.cnn.com /2006/WORLD/asiapcf/11/16/tonga.riots.reut/index.html (746 words)

	Migration Information Source - Tonga: Migration and the Homeland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Kingdom of Tonga, an archipelago of islands in the South Pacific, is the last surviving Polynesian kingdom.
		Central planners in Tonga were necessarily worried about unbridled population growth in a country dependent on small-holder agriculture with a land mass of only 288 square miles, only two-thirds of it arable or planted.
		Of Tonga's population of 97,784, almost seven of 10 Tongans now reside on the main island of Tongatapu, and practically one-quarter of the entire population lives in the capital, Nuku'alofa.
	www.migrationinformation.org /Profiles/display.cfm?id=198 (3649 words)

	Tonga (06/06)
		Tonga concluded a treaty of friendship and protection with the United Kingdom in 1900 and came under British protection.
		Tonga's economy is characterized by a large non-monetary sector and a heavy dependence on remittances from the half of the country's population that lives abroad, chiefly in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.
		Tonga, by a further modification of its treaty of friendship with the United Kingdom in July 1970, is responsible for its own external affairs.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/16092.htm (3137 words)

	Tonga
		The most recent election was held in 2002; the next parliamentary election is scheduled for March 2005.
		Tonga Broadcasting Commission (TBC) guidelines require that religious programming on Radio Tonga be confined "within the limits of the mainstream Christian tradition." The TBC did not allow members of the Baha'i Faith to discuss the tenets of their religion or to refer to the founder, Baha'ullah, by name.
		Parliamentary elections in 2002, deemed to be free and fair, resulted in a strong showing for pro-democracy candidates on the main island of Tongatapu.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41662.htm (2997 words)

	The Seattle Times: Local News: Tongan royalty mourned in Seattle
		Asipeli Tuifua, who left Tonga in 1983 and moved to Seattle shortly thereafter, said the royal couple's deaths had the kind of emotional impact on Pacific Islanders that Princess Diana's death in a 1997 car crash had on people worldwide.
		Tonga has no elections for its head of state; the prime minister is appointed by the king, as are most cabinet members.
		The committee's secretary, Fatai Pale, and Tonga's former attorney general, Aisea Taumoepeau, were expected to arrive at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport this morning and discuss political reforms with the Tongan community after the memorial service tonight, Aho said.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/localnews/2003112889_tonga8m.html (545 words)

	TONGA: parliamentary elections Fale Alea, 1993 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Elections were held for all the seats in Parliament on the normal expiry of the members’ term of office.
		Following the previous (February 1990) general elections, the Prime Minister since 1965, Prince Fatafehi Tu’ipelehake, retired from office in August 1991and was succeeded by Baron Vaea, cousin of King Taufa’ahau Tupou IV.
		In November 1991, campaigners for democratic reform and a reduction in the power of Tonga’s nobility – who had won seats at the previous poll but were still in the minority in the Legislative Assembly – announced plans to form the country’s first official political party.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/arc/2317_93.htm (223 words)

	Elections around the world
		The country information is brief in nature and gives the date and type of election, the number of registered voters, the party in power (where applicable), the type of government, whether voting is compulsory, some key issues, the main players, commentary as the elections unfold, and results when known.
		A parliamentary election or legislative election is an election to select the members of the national legislative body in a parliamentary system of government.
		A presidential election is an election to select the chief of state or head of government (the president) in a presidential system of government.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/INTGUIDE/POL/elections/index.htm (1003 words)

	Radio Australia - Pacific Beat - Stories - TONGA: Countdown begins for crucial elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Tonga goes to the polls next month, in what could be a critical election for the Pacific's only monarchy.
		HILL: The opposition Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement has tended to dominate the voting for the nine popularly elected MPs, although with a built-in majority for the establishment of nine nobles and 12 cabinet ministers personally appointed by the King, that hasn't meant much influence for them.
		POHIVA: It's good, because Tonga is a small place and one candidate can only take one week to complete his meeting with all the people in the villages.
	www.abc.net.au /ra/pacbeat/stories/s1304666.htm (828 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Tonga's King Commits to Democratic Reforms
		Tonga's new King, King George Tupou V (L), talks with the Duke of Gloucester at the funeral of the late King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV in Nuku'alofa, in September.
		Tonga, a group of 170 coral and volcanic islands about 2,000 km (1,250 miles) north of New Zealand, saw unprecedented protests in May 2005, when 10,000 people — a tenth of the population — demanded democracy and public ownership of key assets.
		The next elections are due in 2008, with the government promising that a majority of parliament would then be directly elected by popular vote.
	www.theepochtimes.com /news/6-11-23/48482.html (583 words)

	TONGA: parliamentary elections Fale Alea, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Elections were held for all the elective seats in Parliament on the normal expiry of the members' term of office.
		This election to the Kingdom's Legislative Assembly took place over two days, with nine representatives of the nobles and nine representatives of the people being chosen.
		Tonga is a near absolute monarchy ruled by 83-year-old King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, who appoints the Cabinet for life terms under the Prime Ministership of his youngest son.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/arc/2317_02.htm (331 words)

	Eleven Pacific countries at ninth EPS seminar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Tonga may not want to adopt a political party system but the outcome of the Tongan General election again clearly shows the strength of political groups compared with the campaign efforts of individuals.
		The incumbent members presented their proposal in a motion to the House last year, calling for a referendum, for the people to choose whether to elect all the members of parliament, or for the structure of parliament to remain as it is today.
		These three proposals for political change in Tonga have been presented as campaigning tools by candidates, but a decision by the voters on whom they should vote for based on the quality of the proposal could be a revealing exercise.
	www.antenna.nl /ecsiep/bulletin/bull13-1/12.html (881 words)

	1000Countries.com: Tonga I: tonga, TONGA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Tonga is a stable constitutional monarchy and a...
		Tonga is Not a U.S. Territory by Sione A...
		The Kingdom of Tonga is the sole constitutional monarchy in the Pacifc...
	www.1000countries.com /countries_of_the_world/tonga_1.html (2637 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Internet Compass
		Rioting erupted in Tonga today in protest at the slow pace of democratic reform, with rampaging protesters setting fire to buildings and overturning police and government vehicles.
		Winston Peters said New Zealand, which has long-standing links with Tonga and a large expatriate Tongan community, would help the island nation to recover from the violence and damage, but for now the issue was a domestic matter.
		However it appears now that the government has agreed to new elections in 2008 in which a majority of the parliament would be directly elected by popular vote.
	www.brujula.net /english/noticias/wiki/Riots_in_Tonga.html (399 words)

	Radio Australia - News - Tonga's pro-democracy movement claims victory in elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Tonga's pro-democracy movement is claiming victory in Thursday's election.
		Tonga's 30-seat parliament is made up of nine MPs elected by the people, nine by the 33 nobles, and 12 cabinet ministers appointed by the king.
		There was a split in the pro-democracy movement in the final weeks of the campaign, with some of its members critical of its MPs supporting a change which will see the king appoint two people's representatives to cabinet.
	www.abc.net.au /ra/news/stories/s1326855.htm (290 words)

	PREAMBLE
		The Sabbath Day shall be kept holy in Tonga and no person shall practise his trade or profession or conduct any commercial undertaking on the Sabbath Day except according to law; and any agreement made or witnessed on that day shall be null and void and of no legal effect.
		Should there be no male child the eldest female child shall succeed and the heirs of her body and if she should have no children it shall descend to the second female child and the heirs of her body until the female line is ended.
		The Flag of Tonga (the flag of King George) shall never be altered but shall always be the flag of this Kingdom and the present Royal Ensign shall always be the ensign of the Royal Family of Tonga.
	www.cmseducation.org /wconsts/tonga.html (5987 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Asia-Pacific \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Tonga
		Tonga has no strategic or mineral resources and is highly dependent on agriculture, fishing and the money sent home by Tongans living abroad, many of them in New Zealand.
		Almost all of Tonga's people are Polynesians and its population has remained largely untouched by immigration.
		Although Tonga has a highly traditional society, some young, Western-educated Tongans have called for a new, more democratic constitution that would allow for direct elections to all parliamentary seats while retaining a titular monarchy.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1300742.stm (616 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Late on Thursday, the government bowed to the protesters and agreed to new elections in 2008 in which a majority of the parliament would be directly elected by popular vote.
		New Zealand and Australia have condemned the violence and said they are ready to help, but warned their nationals in Tonga to stay away from large gatherings.
		Fiji's Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase, chairman of the Pacific Islands Forum, said peace in Tonga was crucial for Tonga and the South Pacific region.
	today.reuters.com /News/CrisesArticle.aspx?storyId=WEL174099 (658 words)

	AsiaMedia :: TONGA: Kingdom faces legal challenge over media laws
		Recently visiting Tonga to research her nine-page article, "Silence in Paradise", Sperber said anticipation was building in the kingdom over the case.
		Sperber reported that the case was being organised by seven of the nine elected commoner representatives in Parliament, led by pro-democracy MP 'Akilisi Pohiva, publisher of the feisty Kele'a newsletter.
		"As Tonga's most popular elected politician - at the last five elections he received more votes than any other candidate - and with the backing of most of the people's elected MPs, Pohiva is confident he moves with the mandate from the Tongan people," wrote Sperber.
	www.asiamedia.ucla.edu /article.asp?parentid=8942 (676 words)

	Youth Parliament wants votes for 18 year olds
		The 2004 session of the Tonga Youth Parliament ended on November 19 with seven proposals including a resolution proposing that Government establish a separate Department for Youth.
		Semisi Hopoi, the Speaker of the Youth Parliament House, said that they had established a Law Committee and a Youth Parliamentarian Committee to draft the resolutions passed by the House, before submitting it to the Patron of the Youth Congress HRH Princess Latufuipeka Tuku'aho and to Government.
		There was also a proposal to reduce the legal age of voting in Tonga's General Election from 21 to 18 years of age so that youth have more say in who represents them in Parliament.
	www.matangitonga.to /article/youth/votes231104.shtml (556 words)

	Tonga - Atlapedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		CLIMATE: Tonga has a subtropical climate characterized by warm period from December to April and a cool period from May to November, with most rainfall occurring during the warm period.
		In 1992 the government announced that its first satellite would be launched in 1993 while the private sector unsuccessfully attempted to oppose legislation that imposed a 0.7% currency tax on all foreign exchange transactions.
		In Feb. 1993 general elections resulted in pro-democracy candidates winning 6 of the 9 directly elected seats with the other seats held by the King, his Cabinet and hereditary nobles.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/tonga.htm (742 words)

	King of Tonga Promises Political Reforms - Prensa Latina
		In this context, the government decided to raise from nine to half the seats of the 21-member Congress taken to open elections in 2008.
		Tonga, the last monarchy in the Pacific, gained independence from Britain in 1970.
		Tonga, la última monarquía del Pacífico, se independizó del Reino Unido en 1970.
	www.plenglish.com /article.asp?ID={45C67CC1-9FF8-486A-A5CB-EC183C6BCDE1}&language=EN (433 words)

	PPSEAWA International Bulletin - PPSEAWA Tonga
		The AGM (Annual General Meeting) of the PPSEAWA Tonga was chaired by the 1st Vice President of the PPSEAWA Tonga, Mrs.
		One of the items of the agenda’s meeting was the election of new post for the next 3 years, which was chaired by Ms.
		The PPSEAWA TONGA is still under the auspices of Her Majesty, Queen Halaevalu Mata’aho and Her Royal Highness Princess, Nanasai Pau’u Tuku’aho, the outgoing International President.
	www.ppseawa.org /Bulletin/05Mar/tonga.html (491 words)

	Politics of Tonga
		elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
		Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the monarch; Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court sits as the Court of Appeal
		Diplomatic representation in the US: Tonga does not have an embassy in the US; Ambassador Akosita FINEANGANOFO, resides in London; address: Embassy of the Kingdom of Tonga, c/o Tonga High Commission, 36 Molyneux Street, London W1H 6AB, telephone [44] (171) 724-582, FAX [44] (171) 723-907
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Politics_of_Tonga.html (323 words)

	AnthroGlobe Bibliography: Tonga H-M
		Haberkorn, G 1981 Education and Migration in the Kingdom of Tonga.
		Latukefu, Sione 1966 The Opposition to the Influence of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionaries in Tonga.
		Lutui, Taniela, Malakai 'Ofanoa, Sitaleki Finau, Maika Veikune 1999 Typhoid Fever in Tonga.
	coombs.anu.edu.au /Biblio/biblio_tonga2.html (5460 words)

	The Head Heeb: Silencing the opposition
		Licenses were issued to the government-owned Tonga Chronicle and several church and business newsletters, but were denied to three papers that have been critical of the government.
		The denial of a license to the Times of Tonga is hardly surprising, given that the catalyst for the press amendment and the subsequent regulations was a court decision overturning an earlier attempt to ban the Times, but the government has also banned other opposition media:
		And now that the new newspaper licencing laws have taken effect, it is not only the Times of Tonga that is banned.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/020953.html (219 words)

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