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Topic: Elections in Turkey

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	Turkey's Elections and Israel - Efraim Inbar
		Turkey, located at the crossroads of the Caucasus, the Balkans, and the Middle East, and at the door of Central Asia, holds a geopolitical position of major importance.
		Yet Turkey has relied for decades on draconian rules concerning freedom of speech and dress code, as well as the periodic intervention of the military, to keep undemocratic or religious forces at bay.
		Despite Europe's lukewarm attitude toward Turkey's joining the EU, the AKP government preferred to portray the Copenhagen EU summit (where Turkey was not given a definite date for accession talks, in contrast to several Eastern European nations) as a partial success and an additional step in Turkey's journey into Europe.
	www.jcpa.org /brief/brief2-15.htm (1501 words)

	Elections in Turkey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Turkey elects on the national level a legislature.
		Turkey has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and often a third party that is electorally successful.
		The results of the parliamentary elections of November 3, 2002 are as follows:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_Turkey (280 words)

	Politics of Turkey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Politics of Turkey takes place in a framework of a secular parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Turkey is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.
		The Prime Minister is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, whose Islamic conservative AKP won a majority of parliamentry seats in the 2002 general elections.
		An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Turkey.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Turkey (959 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Early elections upset Turkey's EU plans
		Turkey's Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit announced on Wednesday that parliamentary elections would be held in November of this year, although his term of office runs until April 2004.
		The timing of the upcoming election is particularly significant in view of the EU summit in Copenhagen this December, where the first group of new members will be named.
		Turkey expects the EU to outline a timeframe under which Turkey could join the EU by 2010 at the latest.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details.cfm?ID=4583 (770 words)

	Global Beat Syndicate: Elections in Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Turkey is an institutionally secular country where the military nervously – some say too zealously – polices against any encroachment of Islam into society and government.
		The prime motivation is Turkey’s fear of an autonomous or independent Kurdish state of 20 million Kurds in the southern part of the country.
		Further, since its 1974 invasion of northern Cyprus, Turkey has flouted numerous U.N. Security Council resolutions demanding the withdrawal of its 40,000 troops and of the 100,000 Turkish settlers residing in the north, and the return of the 180,000 Greek Cypriot refugees to their homes.
	www.bu.edu /globalbeat/syndicate/urbina110402.html (742 words)

	USATODAY.com - Turkey to hold elections after coalition dissolves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		ANKARA, Turkey (AP) —; The leaders of Turkey's three-party ruling coalition agreed Tuesday to hold early elections in November, as the government lost its majority in parliament with a further six legislators defecting.
		But Ecevit had argued that elections should be held as scheduled in 2004, while the third partner had pressed for a snap poll in September.
		Turkey's constitution states that opposition parties must find 276 votes to overthrow the government in a vote of no confidence.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2002/07/16/2002-07-16-turkey_x.htm (330 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Turkey's old guard routed in elections
		Turkey is hoping to be given a firm date in December for the start of talks on EU membership - although correspondents say that is far from certain.
		Turkey's financial markets welcomed the AK victory, with stocks surging and the currency recovering about 1% against the dollar compared with Friday's rate.
		Elections were called 18 months early after the coalition government collapsed due to bitter in-fighting and Mr Ecevit's prolonged illness.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/2392717.stm (718 words)

	general elections in Turkey
		In Turkey there is also the National Security Council, chaired by the President and comprising four Army commanders, the Chief of Staff, the Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime Ministers as well as the Home, Foreign Affairs and Justice Ministers.
		Turkey, that has been associated the Fifteen in a Union customs treaty since 1996, has also been recognised as a candidate country for European integration since 1996; but with integration into the European Union in mind Turkey has yet to complete the democratisation of its regime that is still too authoritarian.
		Many analysts believe that the general elections on 3rd November are in fact a real referendum on the European Union and the country’s modernisation implied with it.
	www.robert-schuman.org /anglais/oee/turquie/default.htm (1886 words)

	An overview of the elections in Turkey (KurdishMedia.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Although the most controversial elections of Turkish political life was held on Sunday, the results of the elections haven’t put an end to the debates.
		Everyone in Turkey knows very well what an intriguer Baykal is, but after the directives of the invisible hand, what he is trying to do this time is to make use of Erdogan’s absence in the parliament to try to direct AKP’s policies as an experienced, responsible and constructive politician.
		Maybe, in a “democratic Turkey” where “education and broadcast in Kurdish were freed” the real necessity would be for HADEP to call itself a Kurdish party and to organize and to appeal to all Kurds in Turkey, especially ones residing in Elazig, Malatya, Erzurum, Antep, Adiyaman, Sivas, Erzincan, and Maras.
	www.kurdmedia.com /reports.asp?id=1134 (2366 words)

	2004 Local Elections in Turkey and the Kurds (KurdishMedia.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The local elections in Turkey are held every 5 years and unlike the general elections, no threshold is implemented in these elections.
		It is well known that although the Kurds in Turkey gave an exaggerated importance to the general elections, unfortunately, DEHAP failed to pass the 10 % national threshold to enter the parliament.
		In a truly "democratic Turkey" where "education and broadcast in Kurdish are freed" the real necessity would be for DEHAP to call itself a Kurdish party and to re-organize itself by creating new policies appealing to all Kurds.
	www.kurdmedia.com /reports.asp?id=1841 (1737 words)

	Turkey: Elections Pose Test (Human Rights Watch Press release, Istanbul, October 28, 2002)
		Reports of abuses during the 1999 elections and in the run-up to this year's vote make clear that independent monitoring is needed.
		The high-stakes elections come just one month before an expected European Union decision on whether it is ready to set a date for membership negotiations with Turkey.
		The 1999 elections were marred by reports of abuses by police, security forces, and local government officials, who sought to influence the outcome of the vote through arbitrary arrests, threats, intimidation, confiscation of election material, and exclusion of party representatives from villages where they were engaging in campaign activities.
	www.hrw.org /press/2002/10/turkey1028.htm (784 words)

	Turkey Elections Show Division - CBS News
		An ultra-rightist group made stunning gains in Sunday's election and could emerge as the second-largest group in Turkey's parliament, according to results based on a count of 75 percent of the vote.
		Turkey has had six governments since 1995 and the early results indicated that yet another coalition government would have to be formed.
		The elections are unlikely to have a major impact on Turkish foreign policy, because all the major secular parties support the country's pro-Western foreign policy and economic privatization.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/1999/04/19/world/main43599.shtml (729 words)

	Upcoming elections in Turkey and DEHAP
		However, it has turned out to be a boomerang for those who built this threshold, because as much as the polls show many of the parties including 3 government are far to pass this very high threshold required to enter to the parliament.
		Istanbul is the biggest city of Turkey and it has 70 seats in the parliament, with other words in order to reach an election victory each part should gain good support from this city.
		Thanks to this, Turkey will have the opportunity to solve its Kurdish Question and peoples of Turkey will be represented in the parliament with their diversities.
	www.ofkparis.org /english/elections.htm (1227 words)

	TURKEY: parliamentary elections Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (T.B.M.M), 2002
		TURKEY: parliamentary elections Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (T.B.M.M), 2002
		Elections were held for all the seats in Parliament following the premature dissolution of this body in July 2002.
		A new party, the New Turkey Party, was created ahead of the elections and was primarily composed of the parliamentary deputies who had quit the DSP.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/arc/2323_02.htm (579 words)

	TURKEY'S NOVEMBER 2002 ELECTIONS: A NEW BEGINNING?
		In short, the message of the election may either be the end of politics in Turkey as it has been practiced for decades, or a temporary deviation, which voters will reverse at the next opportunity.
		Given the available election results and expectations concerning the impact of continuing economic crisis on party preferences, it should be hardly surprising that an even higher level of volatility compared to 1999 preferences took place in November 2002.
		Looking back at the 1999 elections, it is clear that given the volatility of the electorate it was not possible that the party system could maintain that many parties within such a close range of support.
	meria.idc.ac.il /journal/2002/issue4/jv6n4a4.html (6217 words)

	CNN - Secular, Islamic parties to battle in Turkish elections - April 17, 1999
		ANKARA, Turkey (CNN) -- National elections in Turkey Sunday pit numerous secular parties against a Islamic one.
		In the municipal elections, Virtue aims to keep control of major cities, including Ankara, the Turkish capital, and Istanbul, the nation's largest city.
		"Turkey cannot tolerate living through chaos again," the daily Sabah newspaper wrote in a front-page editorial, saying that a future coalition between Ecevit and a center-right secular party was needed for stability.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/meast/9904/17/turkey.elex/index.html (660 words)

	TWQ Elections Outlook -- Turkey’s Nationalist Moment, by Alan Makovsky
		In supporting two strongly nationalist parties as the top votegetters in the April elections, Turks showed the assertiveness of a nation that feels itself emerging as a regional power and the defensiveness of one still embittered by Western Europe's rejection.
		Both parties rode a rising tide of nationalism in Turkey, fueled not only by the struggle with the Kurdish separatist Workers Party of Kurdistan (PKK) and the February arrest of its leader, Abdullah Ocalan, but also by a profound sense of rejection by Europe.
		Turkey has never quite gotten over its shock at being excluded from the European Union's (EU) list of candidates for membership, ratified at a December 1997 EU summit.
	www.twq.com /autumn99/224Makovsky.html (623 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Talking Point \| Turkey: Should elections be held?
		Any election without new politicians will simply mean old wine in a new bottle and we are literally sick and tired of all the existing ones.
		Elections might bring about a change in government but it is doubtful whether or not this change will be the one the country really needs.
		Elections should be held in Turkey after the EU reforms are approved and a new two-tier election system is adopted.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/talking_point/2116760.stm (1433 words)

	Turkey's Elections and the United States: Challenges Ahead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Even now, Turkey's chief prosecutor is petitioning the Constitutional Court to close the entire AKP for having allowed Erdogan to lead it, allegedly in violation of the constitution.
		The last time an Islamic party—an ancestor to the AKP and subsequently banned from politics—won an election in Turkey in 1995, its leader immediately sought to strengthen relations with Iran and Libya.
		The AKP's success in the recent election has little to do with the party's Islamic roots and much to do with the abject failure of all the other main parties to overcome their reputations for corruption, economic mismanagement, political infighting, and entrenched clientelism.
	www.brookings.edu /views/articles/gordon/20021109.htm (415 words)

	TIMEeurope.com 11/03/02 \| Turkey Decides
		On election day, there were reports of villagers forced to show their ballots to security forces before putting them in the box.
		Still, as the election approaches and Istanbul's streets flutter with the festive colors of party flags and banners, DEHAP feels it has not been completely welcomed to the party.
		In an election where none of the three parties in the ruling coalition seem likely to return, DEHAP is also receiving a portion of the enormous protest vote.
	www.time.com /time/europe/magazine/2002/1111/turkey/decision.html (899 words)

	Elections in Turkey: A Nationalist Landslide
		The winner of the last elections, the fundamentalist Virtue Party had to pay for its conflict with the generals and for their unbridled religious zeal and intolerance.
		First party in the last elections, the fundamentalist, who had governed under the name of Welfare Party for almost two years before being banned in 1997, this time reached only 15 % (- 6,3 %) and 111 seats (158).
		After the determined and irremovable opposition of the military against a new government mandate for the fundamentalists, the more radical Turks decided to put their hopes this time on the untested Nationalists.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/european_politics/19309 (449 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Early elections for Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Turkey's prime minister finally bowed to the inevitable and agreed to call early elections after his tripartite coalition government lost its majority in parliament.
		Government officials present at the meeting said that initially Ecevit tried to persuade Bahceli and Yilmaz that the coalition could continue through to 2004, that the opposition in parliament was divided and would never be unable to unite and force the government to resign.
		Privately, official sources in Ankara say that Washington has been pushing Turkey not only to allow the US to use bases in the country but also to deploy Turkish troops, moving in to temporarily occupy the north of Iraq behind an advancing front-line of American soldiers.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2002/595/re7.htm (741 words)

	Global Voices Online » Elections
		These elections are to fill the parliamentary seats that became vacant due to the assassinations of the past months.
		With Ramadan and the 2007 elections looming on the horizon, religion and politics are popular subjects in the blogoma.
		With six days until the parliamentary elections in Turkey, Turkish bloggers this week are avidly watching the news outlets; speculating on the political future of the republic.
	www.globalvoicesonline.org /-/topics/elections (591 words)

	CNN.com - Turkey votes for early elections - July 31, 2002
		The November elections will come at a time when NATO-member Turkey is seeking to win a date for membership talks with the European Union, and may be called upon by Washington for support in a military campaign against Iraq, Reuters news agency said.
		In an emergency session of parliament, lawmakers voted 449 to 62 on Wednesday in favour of a proposal brought by nationalists in the coalition government to hold elections on 3 November.
		Ecevit, 77, has warned that elections could hurt Turkey's efforts to join the EU -- as well as damaging the fragile economy and possibly bringing an Islamic party to power.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/europe/07/31/turkey.vote/index.html (403 words)

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