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Topic: Elections in mainland China

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	People's Republic of China - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The term Mainland China is sometimes used to denote the part of China under PRC's rule (usually excluding the two Special Administrative Regions, Hong Kong and Macau), and the country is sometimes also referred to as "Red China," especially by its political opponents and critics.
		Hepatitis B is endemic in mainland China, the majority of the population eventually contracting the disease, with about 10% being seriously affected.
		China's traditional values were derived from the orthodox version of Confucianism, which was taught in schools and was even part of imperial civil service examinations.
	open-encyclopedia.com /People's_Republic_of_China (3164 words)

	China (03/05)
		Whenever China was conquered by nomadic tribes, as it was by the Mongols in the 13th century, the conquerors sooner or later adopted the ways of the "higher" Chinese civilization and staffed the bureaucracy with Chinese.
		China is now one of the leading recipients of FDI in the world, receiving $64 billion in 2004, for a cumulative total of $563.8 billion.
		China is not a member of the Australia Group, an informal and voluntary arrangement made in 1985 to monitor developments in the proliferation of dual-use chemicals and to coordinate export controls on key dual-use chemicals and equipment with weapons applications.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/18902.htm (11645 words)

	Trade union elections in Mainland China
		The direct election of trade union officials at plant level is regarded as an important—though hardly risk-free—method of rendering trade union officials more accountable to their members and thus ameliorating the crisis of legitimacy.
		Elections are seen as a way of building up ACFTU credibility among China's increasingly militant workforce and heading-off organised unrest in the process.
		The election of shop-floor level trade union committees, standing committees, union chairpersons and vice chairpersons are guided by the ACFTU Constitution and within the parameters of management authority and as such the results of such elections shall be reported to and approved by the Party Committee and the next level up of the trade union.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/55/858.html (1649 words)

	The Republic of China and the United Nations, 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In accordance with the Constitution of the ROC, the government in 1948 held elections in mainland China to elect members of her parliamentary bodies, namely, the National Assembly, the Legislative Yuan and the Control Yuan.
		The term "China" is a neutral one, with broad historical, cultural and geographical connotations.
		Both the Taiwan area and mainland China are part of China, and their respective governments have co-existed on the two sides of the Taiwan Straits for almost half a century.
	www.taipei.org /press/gioun95.htm (3283 words)

	China elections conference held at Hoover Institution (3/99)
		The fragile nature of China's local elections, and whether those elections will eventually lead to real democracy, was the subject of a two-day conference, "Elections in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Mainland China: Does Limited Democracy Lead to Democracy?" at the Hoover Institution March 4 and 5.
		Chao and Myers, authors of The First Chinese Democracy: Political Life in the Republic of China on Taiwan, long have studied Taiwan's 38 years under martial law (194987) and are the authors of a 1997 Hoover Institution essay that detailed the first nationwide democratic election in China's history.
		Local elections in Hong Kong appear to be at the point where Taiwan's elections were several years ago, scholars said in another conference session.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/news/pr/99/990310chinaelect.html (992 words)

	Mainland China throws its weight around (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We can only assume that mainland China is close to panic over the latest in-house polls conducted by the political parties in which, we understand, show that Lien Chan has fallen back to third place a good five points or so behind Chen Shui-bian and James Soong.
		It is even possible that mainland China realized the harm that its bellicosity had done to Lien's campaign and its attack on Chen is an attempt to reverse the damage.
		Mainland China 's dislike of Chen is, or course, only a pale imitation of its detestation of President Lee Teng-hui, as the white paper took the trouble to remind us.
	www.fas.org /news/taiwan/2000/000227-taiwan-tt1.htm (574 words)

	Calgary Sun Columnist - Paul Jackson: Beijing bullies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In actuality, the only legitimate government of China is the democratically-elected government in Taiwan, for the supposed government in Beijing has neither legal nor moral authority.
		There have been no free elections on Mainland China since it was taken by force by Mao Tse-tung's hordes in 1949.
		For years, Communist China was regarded as a "pariah" nation and refused recognition by many countries -- particularly the U.S. Taiwan legitimately -- and properly -- held the Chinese seat at the UN.
	www.canoe.ca /NewsStand/Columnists/Calgary/Paul_Jackson/2004/04/13/418634.html (746 words)

	TAIWAN ELECTIONS - CHINA
		The poll also showed a majority of those questioned were "not very worried" or "not at all worried" about a military threat from China in the run-up to next month's elections.
		China considers Taiwan a renegade province and says it must eventually reunite with the mainland.
		Four years ago during Taiwan's first presidential elections, Beijing threatened Taiwan with its military might and test fired missiles in waters off the coast of Taiwan.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/news/taiwan/2000/000224-taiwan1.htm (537 words)

	US-China Engagement
		Mainland Issues Warning to Taiwan after Violent Protest Breaks Out (People’s Daily, Mar. 27, 2004) The mainland side will not look on indifferently if the current situation in Taiwan worsens and spirals out of control, a spokesman for the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council.
		China Dismisses Promise by Taiwan's Chen to Promote Peace If Re-Elected (AFP, Feb. 25, 2004, 2004) China dismissed promises by Taiwan President Chen Shui-bian to promote peace with the mainland if re-elected, and suggested it did not believe he was sincere.
		(China Post, Oct. 20, 2003) Washington does not have a favorite candidate or political party in Taiwan's presidential election in March 2004, according to a statement issued by the U.S. Department of State.
	www.taiwansecurity.org /TSR-2004President.htm (5510 words)

	China Mainland News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Growing amounts of funds are circulating outside China's banking system partly due to the State's credit curbs aimed at cooling down growth, drawing attention from government officials and economists.
		China Daily Growing amounts of funds are circulating outside China's banking system partly due to the State's credit curbs...
		China Daily A cook who shot to fame after scoring 630 points in a TOEFL exam, had published an autobiography, the Beijing...
	archive.wn.com /2004/07/27/1400/mainlandchinanews (1499 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		China responded to Western condemnation of the Falungong crackdown with accusations of interference, collusion, and ignorance of the danger Falungong presented to China and to individual practitioners.
		China has strenuously objected to any and all Western support for the basic rights of Falungong practitioners, no matter how mild or pro forma, often accusing the country involved of collusion and threatening retaliation.
		The invective China directed at the U.S. over the latter's criticism of the crackdown on Falungong may have been diplomatic posturing, little more than a warning to the U.S. to limit the scope of its criticism.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2002/china/China0102-05.htm (7422 words)

	Elections and Democracy in Greater China
		The authoritarian Chinese regimes governing Taiwan, Mainland China, and Hong Kong allowed limited electoral competition during the last half century.
		In Mainland China and Hong Kong, limited electoral competition has only evolved over the last fifteen years or so.
		Without similar political breakthroughs in Mainland China and Hong Kong, their limited electoral processes are not likely to lead to the election of one or more opposition parties in Mainland China and the direct election of a Hong Kong governor and parliament.
	www.stanford.edu /~ldiamond/bookPages/2001edgc.htm (383 words)

	China News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		China and the World is a scholarly e-magazine and information database about social and political issues in contemporary China.
		China Education and Research Network is the gateway to the main academic computer network in China.
		China InfoBank is a Hong Kong-based service dedicated to giving general news and useful business information gathered from a variety of mainland newspapers and journals.
	chinanews.bfn.org (5273 words)

	Asian Labour News: China: Trade union elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The direct election of trade union officials at plant level is regarded as an important - though hardly risk-free - method of rendering trade union officials more accountable to their members and thus ameliorating the crisis of legitimacy.
		Liu graduated from the China Civil Aviation Flight Academy and in 1999, he was a graduate student majoring in international trade at the Tianjin School of Finance and Economics.
		He is the Chairman of the supervisory committee of China Guo Tai Securities Co., Ltd., President of the Shanghai Institute of Securities and Futures, and a professor at the Shanghai University of Finance, Shanghai University of Communications and Eastern China College of Law and Politics.
	www.asianlabour.org /archives/001502.html (3927 words)

	The history of the ACFTU in China
		The All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) won a seat as the deputy member in the Workers' Group of the International Labour Organization's (ILO) Governing Body in June 2002.
		China's sole official trade union, long dismissed as a tool of Communist Party authority, is drafting rules to let its members elect local union leaders directly—an apparent further step along the country's tentative path toward greater grass-roots democracy.
		The direct election of trade union officials at plant level is regarded as an important—though hardly risk-free—method of rendering trade union officials more accountable to their members.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/55/index-mba.html (388 words)

	AI opens first office in mainland China - Sify.com
		National carrier, Air India today opened its first office in China in the east Chinese metropolis of Shanghai, ahead of the inaugural flight on December 11.
		Consul General of India in Shanghai Sujan Chinoy, who was the chief guest, commended the efforts of both Air India and the Chinese authorities leading to the opening of the first Air India office in mainland China.
		China Eastern Airlines had commenced its operations to India last year and, earlier this year, India had been accorded "approved tourism destination" status by the Chinese government, he recalled.
	sify.com /news/fullstory.php?id=13311183 (237 words)

	Articles - Tangwai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Tangwai (é»¨å¤–; pinyin: dÄƒngwÃ i; literally, "outside the party") movement was a political movement in the Republic of China on Taiwan in the mid-1970s and early 1980s.
		Although the Kuomintang had allowed contested elections for a small number of seats in Legislative Yuan, opposition parties were still forbidden.
		Because the majority of seats in the Legislative Yuan were held by delegates elected in 1947, pending the retaking of the Mainland, the Tangwai movement had no possibility of seizing power, but they were able to use the legislature as a forum for debating the ruling Kuomintang.
	www.storegolf.com /articles/Tang-wai (212 words)

	The Claremont Institute: Two Speeches and a Warning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		They were able to maintain these policies because they were built upon the same simple distinction, which is sometimes apparent to so few, between despotism and liberty.
		Today China has made its second threat of destruction of American civilians upon a massive scale.
		And therefore, this election constitutes a danger to the strong men of the Chinese Politburo who rule because, and only because, the Army supports them with force.
	www.claremont.org /writings/precepts/20000308arnn.html?FORMAT=print (449 words)

	Feb 2003, Reebok in China: Worker elections in two supplier factories
		Candidates in the first free elections to the factory's trade union are about to make their campaign speeches.
		This experiment in worker democracy at the Taiwanese-owned factory in Fujian province two months ago, together with a similar election last year at a Reebok shoe manufacturer in neighbouring Guangdong, is thought to be unprecedented in mainland China.
		The complicated election used proportional representation to reflect the number of workers in each of the factory's seven departments.
	www.cleanclothes.org /codes/02-12-02.htm (1236 words)

	SCMP.com - the online edition of South China Morning Post, Hong Kong's premier English-language newspaper
		Hong Kong Catholic leader Bishop Joseph Zen Ze-kiun on Friday welcomed the pope's invitation to bishops from the official and underground churches in China to attend a synod in October.
		Factory gate prices in China jumped 5.3 per cent year-on-year in August, fractionally higher than the rise in July, forced up by soaring costs for raw materials such as fuel and oil, official data showed on Friday.
		A profile of China's telecommunications sector, which is seeing a new phase of development with the consolidation of major operators and the roll-out of 3G services.
	www.scmp.com (968 words)

	China (People's Republic / Mainland)
		QUOTE: In China, as elsewhere, it's usually not what you know, but who you know, and the players were factory bosses, municipal bureaucrats, and party officials.
		QUOTE: The arrest of a pro-democracy Hong Kong candidate in mainland China on charges of soliciting a prostitute touched off a media furor in the former British colony...and fueled suspicion that Beijing was trying to influence next month's legislative election.
		QUOTE: An undetermined number of students in China, Taiwan and South Korea were able to raise their scores substantially last year on the verbal part of the most widely used entrance exam to American graduate schools by logging on to Web sites in those countries that post questions and answers memorized by previous test takers...
	www.fairness.com /resources/by-geography?geography_id=608 (4437 words)

	The Epoch Times :: Ask Mainland China: “Where is My Passport?” (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When Shanghai and Suzhou security officers found that her bank account had received money from overseas, they arrested her with charges ranging from heresy to colluding with anti-Chinese forces.
		Yet the unfair treatment of Qian Li in the Chinese public security system is but the tip of the iceberg of a greater issue: families from inside China and around the world have been torn apart when a family member is unjustly detained for practicing Falun Gong.
		Sam Lu in Georgia, USA hasn’t seen his wife, Zhou Xuefei, for over three years after she was arrested in China for distributing booklets about the persecution.
	english.epochtimes.com /news/4-2-17/19882.html (1099 words)

	Hoover Institution: Report 2002: Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hoover fellows Larry Diamond and Ramon Myers edited Elections and Democracy in Greater China, which was published by Oxford University Press in 2001.
		The volume, based on a conference held at the Hoover Institution in March 1999, analyzes why and how limited electoral competition developed in greater China, first in Taiwan, then in Hong Kong, and now with very limited village elections in mainland China.
		It also considers how competitive elections promoted democratic change in Taiwan and whether they might do so in Hong Kong and mainland China as well.
	www-hoover.stanford.edu /pubaffairs/report2002/initiative5.html (676 words)

	China: No Elections for Hong Kong in 2007 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		HONG KONG – Mainland China dealt a crushing blow to Hong Kong's hopes for a quick move toward full democracy on Monday, when its most powerful legislative panel ruled that the territory won't have direct elections for its next leader and legislature.
		China insisted it had paid heed to the public's wishes.
		Just hours before China issued its decision, three hardline political activists tried Monday to enter the mainland and protest but were turned back at the border following a minor scuffle.
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2004/4/26/151825.shtml (881 words)

	OUP: Elections and Democracy in Greater China: Diamond
		moreover the contrasts among Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan give nourishing food for thought with respect to the economic preconditions of democratic transitions.
		In Taiwan that process evolved over more than three decades before leading to the formation of an opposition party under martial law in late September 1986 and the blossoming of full democracy in March 2000 when that opposition party replaced the ruling party.
		The editors use a typology and different concepts to analyse how the political centre in these three Chinese societies historically interacted with society and how different regime change took place.
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-924417-0 (808 words)

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