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	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.2, Entry 323, MONARCHY: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Monarchy itself is a precaution taken against the sum of error and evil contained in societies which it proposes to protect against the outburst of ambitious and disorderly passions.
		The founders of these monarchies, benefactors of nations, either by enlightening them through the arts, or in guiding them to victory, by uniting them or winning for them permanent states, were called kings out of gratitude, and transmitted their power to their sons.
		Monarchies, therefore, follow in their way, which, in a certain number of cases, is the best, the same end as republics and other governments of every class, which is to permit and assure the free development of all useful action, and to confine evil within the narrowest limits without curtailing legitimate and fruitful liberty.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy714.html (6760 words)

	Godwin, An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793) Vol. 2: The Online Library of Liberty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Monarchy, instead of referring every question to the persons concerned or their neighbours, refers it to a single individual placed at the greatest distance possible from the ordinary members of the society.
		Monarchy seems to be a species of government proscribed by the nature of man; and those persons, who furnished their despot with integrity and virtue, forgot to add omniscience and omnipotence, qualities not less necessary to fit him for the office they had provided.
		Add to this that it is sufficiently evident from the unalterable evils of monarchy already enumerated, and which I shall presently have occasion to recapitulate, that the first act of sovereignty in a virtuous monarch, whose discernment was equal to his virtue, would be to annihilate the constitution, which had raised him to a throne.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/Godwin0318/PoliticalJustice/0164-02_Bk.html (16375 words)

	Monarchy Portal @ Reigned.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Monarchies are one of the oldest forms of government, with echoes in the leadership of tribal chiefs.
		The economic structure of such monarchies is often of concentrated wealth, with the majority of the population living either as agricultural serfs, or, as in Gulf Monarchies, a paternalistic model showering benefits on the citizens (while politically they may remain subjects) and importing cheap foreign labor.
		Elective monarchies, distinguished by the Monarchs being appointed for life, have in most cases been succeeded by hereditary monarchies, but both secular sovereign nation cases at present - those of Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates - are 20th century creations.
	www.reigned.net (2534 words)

	Applying Principle to Practice, Chapter 3 — Of the Old and New Systems of Government
		Burke, he is a stickler for monarchy, not altogether as a pensioner, if he is one, which I believe, but as a political man. He has taken up a contemptible opinion of mankind, who, in their turn, are taking up the same of him.
		Though the comparison between hereditary and elective monarchy, which the Abbe has made, is unnecessary to the case, because the representative system rejects both: yet, were I to make the comparison, I should decide contrary to what he has done.
		Poland, though an elective monarchy, has had fewer wars than those which are hereditary; and it is the only government that has made a voluntary essay, though but a small one, to reform the condition of the country.
	www.ushistory.org /paine/rights/c2-03.htm (4832 words)

	Elective monarchy (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Elective monarchies were once common, although usually only a very small portion of the population was eligible to vote.
		Today, almost all monarchies are hereditary monarchies in which the monarchs come from one royal family with the office of sovereign being passed from one family member to another upon the death or abdication of the incumbent.
		Some may argue that the remaining communist regimes are also "elective monarchies", as successors are often chosen from within the Communist Party.
	elective-monarchy.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (709 words)

	Reviews in History: The Right to be King: The Succession to the Crown of England. 1603-1714
		The conflicts between a strictly hereditary monarchy and an elective monarchy establish two of the poles between which the lines of political debate were conducted; other means of succession--by nomination or by conquest, the latter closely tied to right by prescription--are also investigated by Nenner.
		It introduced the concept of elective monarchy with an unacceptably broad electorate, and that menace, as Nenner clearly demonstrates for the case of England in the seventeenth century, united, apart from the radical Whigs, the political nation which feared that such a system would merely become the antechamber to the republican Commonwealth rejected in 1660.
		Nenner is especially trenchant on the traumatic background of the 1649-60 régime in Britain for an understanding of the subsequent determination to retain the hereditary monarchy and to deny in public the existence of an elective element.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/oresko.html (5933 words)

	The Carnegie Moscow Center - Publications - Briefing Papers - Vol. 3, Issue 01, January 2001 - Lilia Shevtsova - ...
		The reformed elective monarchy has not been functioning long, but there is already the impression that the President has been unable to create a real "driving belt" mechanism.
		Russian bureaucracy remains an element supporting the monarchy, with all the consequences this implies: susceptibility to corruption as a means of survival, gravitation towards shadow relationships, conservatism and fear of change, servility.
		The aspiration to regulate the monarchy, delimit the activities of other institutions and strengthen subordination, deprives the regime of its former safety net and increases the possibility for the evolution of extra-systemic and destructive forces.
	www.carnegie.ru /en/print/48320-print.htm (2566 words)

	Monarchy Lecture
		This is the type of monarchy against which revolutions were fought, and it is also the type of monarchy that was responsible for the strengthening of the arguments in favor of democracy and the republican form of government.
		Monarchy in this case reinforces democracy and strengthens it, adding a centripetal and necessary aspect to the system's efforts at stability, especially necessary in view of the fact that modern democracy, by definition, is centrifugal and atomistic in its celebration of individualism.
		It is thus the form of monarchy, capetian and hereditary, that the constitution of the Fifth Republic achieves by elevating the president to a level that allows him to transcend even the contingencies of a presidential majority.
	home1.gte.net /eskandar/lecture.html (7443 words)

	Talk:Elective monarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Elective monarchs tend to be elected by a small democratic base.
		The Vatican, in contrast, is an elective monarchy because it draws from the pool of Cardinals.
		The UK is a hereditary monarchy with a clear line of succession, so despite the fact that parliament approves the monarch, I think it would be safe to say it is a hereditary monarchy, though I haven't looked it up (I don't think anyone argues that it is elective).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Elective_monarchy (750 words)

	Is there a future for the British Monarchy? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The British have been a monarchy now for most of the last thousand years and, if Bede's accounts are to be believed, for much of the previous five hundred as well.
		Monarchy became a requirement of Catholic Europe and, for the time being, we were stuck with it.
		This was a significant move, as it meant that Parliament had now established its right to control the succession (one of the reasons given for not having an elective monarchy is that nobody has the right to change the succession - someone doesn't know their history).
	www.unrelatedinventions.com /Writing/Monarchy.htm (1902 words)

	Elective monarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Poland, after the death of the last Piast in 1370, Polish kings were initially elected by a small council; gradually, this privilege was granted to all members of the szlachta (Polish nobility).
		Alexander Hamilton argued in a long speech before the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that the President of the United States should be, in effect, an elective monarch, ruling for "good behavior" (i.e., for life, unless impeached) and with extensive powers.
		Shakespeare's Hamlet is often staged with the assumption that Denmark is or was an elective monarchy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elective_monarchy (1029 words)

	History in Focus: Elizabeth I and James VI and I - review of The Right to be King
		The conflicts between a strictly hereditary monarchy and an elective monarchy establish two of the poles between which the lines of political debate were conducted; other means of succession - by nomination or by conquest, the latter closely tied to right by prescription - are also investigated by Nenner.
		The Act of Settlement of 1701 fused the elements of hereditary and elective monarchy with the guarantee of a succession acceptable to the political nation, and, finally, after a century of turbulent theoretical and religious debate, England - although not yet Scotland - had a juridically established law of succession.
		The events of 1523 certainly confirmed the elective nature of the Danish crown in the sixteenth century: a king could be deposed and another king - a close relation, one of the pool of plausible 'blood candidates' - elected in his place.
	www.history.ac.uk /ihr/Focus/Elizabeth/revnenner.html (5984 words)

	Monarchy FAQ
		In a modern constitutional Monarchy, the tyrants are generally the politicians elected by the people, and the bureaucratic class who actually run the nation; these are of course unimpeachable, and must simply be obeyed.
		Regarding things in the abstract, there is nothing more strikingly absurd than hereditary monarchy, the succession secured to a family which may at any time place on the throne a fool, a child, or a wretch: and yet in practise there is nothing more wise, prudent, and provident.
		Hereditary Monarchy precludes all hopes of irregular ambition; without that, society always contains a germ of trouble, a principle of revolt, which is nourished by those who conceive a hope of one day obtaining the command.
	www.royaltymonarchy.com /opinion/articles/coulombe/monfaq.html (3563 words)

	Our Elective Monarchy
		One of the myths Americans live by is that they rejected monarchy when the British left involuntarily in the late 18th century.
		What we have is an elective monarch who, if we are to believe the current wearer of the crown, rules by divine right.
		Sheldon Richman is senior fellow at The Future of Freedom Foundation, author of Tethered Citizens: Time to Repeal the Welfare State, and editor of The Freeman magazine.
	www.fff.org /comment/com0406f.asp (642 words)

	The Germanies
		An elective monarchy is usually less domineering than an hereditary monarchy.
		The electors in an elective monarchy usually choose a candidate who will not threaten their independence.
		The Habsburg rulers were not only elective emperors but also hereditary rulers of their own crown lands centered on Austria..
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/the_germanies.htm (726 words)

	Against Amnesia - A Bravenet.com Hosted Site
		Monarchy is so normal that even the gods characteristically have kings.
		Elective monarchy gradually turned into divine monarchy and the senate, which under the republic had granted executive powers, was compelled to witness and witness and swear to the ascension of dying chief executives to join the other gods in paradise.
		In the early American colonies, where the governors were miniature replicas of the imperial monarchy, the rising assemblies assumed the role of the Commons and were not anxious to create gubernatorial power.
	cornetjoyce.bravehost.com /monarchy.html (3092 words)

	Of A President with Regal Powers
		We are not contented with an elective monarchy, we are not contented with a limited one.
		Thus it appears that, of all impulses to a narrow, self-interested conduct, those afforded by monarchy and aristocracy are the greatest.
		The first sacrifice that justice demands, at the hand of monarchy and aristocracy, is that of their immunities and prerogatives.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /anarchist_Archives/godwin/pj5/pj5_9.html (1314 words)

	The Danish Monarchy - History - History of the Monarchy
		The monarchy was originally elective, but in practice the election normally fell on the eldest son of the reigning Monarch.
		When absolutism was introduced in 1660-1661, the elective monarchy was replaced by hereditary monarchy.
		Denmark has a Constitutional Monarchy, which means that the monarch cannot independently perform political acts.
	kongehuset.dk /publish.php?dogtag=k_en_his_mor (681 words)

	PPP 13/21: Abdication: How to fill the vacancy of the Throne
		The country has since become a constitutional monarchy with pluralistic liberal democracy as its system of government, and these two components shall remain forever the core of its political system and not be subject to any changes.
		The Cambodian monarchy is an elective monarchy whereby a Throne Council would elect a successor within seven days following the death of the reigning monarch.
		The Constitution of some other constitutional monarchies and their actual experiences in filling the vacancy of the Throne could shed some light on the need for and the nature of the procedure to fill such a vacancy in Cambodia.
	www.phnompenhpost.com /TXT/comments/c1321-1.htm (1481 words)

	(Poland: History of its Elective Democracy)
		Thus, a pseudo-election was established in which the senior heir of the preceding king was confirmed by the Seym in a procedure which began to be referred to as the royal election.
		This historical period is commonly called 'the hereditary monarchy with elective legislature.' It ended with Sigismund II Augustus, the last male member of the House of Jagiełło.
		By this time, however, even the principle of elective kingship came under fire as the cause of foreign meddling in Poland's internal affairs, and the Constitution of 1791 made the crown of Poland hereditary in the Saxon House of Wettin.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /JJ.html (11665 words)

	William Hazlitt's Essay, "On the Spirit of Monarchy."
		The Spirit of Monarchy, then, is nothing but the craving in the human mind after the Sensible and the One.
		The sympathy of mankind is that on which all strong feeling and opinion floats; and this sets in full every absolute monarchy to the side of tinsel show and iron-handed power, in contempt and defiance of right and wrong.
		We had forgot -- Our British monarchy is a mixed, and the only perfect form of government; and therefore what is here said cannot properly apply to it.
	www.blupete.com /Literature/Essays/Hazlitt/Monarchy.htm (4125 words)

	Denmark - Official Denmark - The Royal House (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The monarchy was an elective monarchy limited to the royal house, but not to the male line.
		The elective monarchy existed until 1660/61, when Frederik III introduced a hereditary monarchy for Denmark and Norway.
		In the Act of Succession of 27 March 1953 the House of Glücksborg's right of succession was established, and according to this the throne passes to the successors of Christian X. According to the Act, sons have precedence over daughters, but if there are no sons, the throne is inherited by the eldest daughter.
	www.um.dk /publikationer/um/english/denmark/kap1/1-1.asp (902 words)

	Liberalism Is A Sin -- CHAPTER 12 Like Liberalism but Not Liberalism, Liberalism but Not Like It
		Their essence consists in the civil authority by virtue of which they govern, whether that authority be in form republican, democratic, aristocratic, monarchical; it may be an elective, hereditary, mixed or absolute monarchy.
		It is not the act of legislation--by the king in a monarchy, by the people in a republic, or by both in a mixed form of government--which constitutes the essential nature of its legislation or of its constitution.
		Such were the ancient Asiatic monarchies; such are many of our modern monarchies; such was the government of Bismarck in Germany; such is the monarchy of Spain, whose constitution declares the king inviolable, but not God.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Liberal/LIBERALISM_IS_A_SINp14.htm (851 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.2, Entry 201, INTERREGNUM: Library of Economics and Liberty
		In an hereditary monarchy the heir to the throne is king by right after the death of his predecessor; every one knows the expression: "The king is dead, long live the king." An interregnum can occur only in states where, at the end of one dynasty, the new prince succeeds only after a certain interval.
		The end of his government being known beforehand, the election of his successor can be held, and the one enters into office the moment the other departs from it.
		The king having been elected for life, the precise date of the end of his reign is not known, and it would not be pleasant to tell a man that you believe he will soon die.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy592.html (559 words)

	The Rights of Man
		Burke, he is a stickler for monarchy, not altogether as a pensioner, if he is one, which I believe, but as a political man.
		He has taken up a contemptible opinion of mankind, who, in their turn, are taking up the same of him.
		He considers them as a herd of beings that must be governed by fraud, effigy, and show; and an idol would be as good a figure of monarchy with him, as a man.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /p/paine/thomas/p147r/p2ch3.html (4784 words)

	Hamlet Essays
		In Denmark, the setting of the play, an elective monarchy held sway until 1660, when a hereditary monarchy replaced it.
		In an elective monarchy, court officials—noblemen in high standing—selected the new king by vote.
		Third: In 1849, Denmark abandoned its absolutist monarchy in favor of a constitutional monarchy that invested government power mainly in the people’s representatives while retaining the king as a ceremonial figure.
	www.cummingsstudyguides.net /xEssays.html (1157 words)

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