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Topic: Electors of Brandenburg

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	Brandenburg - LoveToKnow Watches
		Jobst paid very little attention to Brandenburg, and the period was used by many of the noble families to enrich themselves at the expense of the poorer and weaker towns, to plunder traders, and to carry on feuds with neighbouring princes.
		Brandenburg was ravaged impartially by both parties, and in 1627 George William attacked his brother-in-law, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, who was using Prussia as a base of operations for his war against Poland.
		The Brandenburg troops then assisted the Swedes until after the death of Gustavus in 16 3 2, and the Swedish defeat at NOrdlingen in 1634, when the elector assented to the treaty of Prague, which was made in May 1635 between the emperor Ferdinand II.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Brandenburg (8150 words)

	House of Hohenzollern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The House of Hohenzollern is a family dynasty of electors, kings, and emperors of Prussia, Germany, and Romania.
		Branches of the Franconian line ascended the throne of Brandenburg in 1415 and of Ducal Prussia in 1525.
		However, the awarding of Brandenburg in 1417 and the inheritance of Ducal Prussia in 1618 was to eventually propel the Hohenzollerns from a minor German princely family into one of the most important in Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hohenzollern (887 words)

	AllRefer.com - Brandenburg, state, Germany, Germany (German Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		The state of Brandenburg consists of the former Prussian province of Brandenburg minus those parts of the province lying E of the Oder and Neisse rivers in Poland (see Germany).
		The Spree Forest, in Lower Lusatia, is inhabited by Slavic-speaking Wends, remnants of the population that inhabited Brandenburg at the time of its acquisition (12th cent.) by Albert the Bear.
		the electors of Brandenburg acquired (1614) the duchy of Cleves and other W German territories and (1618) the duchy of Prussia (roughly, the later East Prussia).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/BrandenbSta.html (571 words)

	Schwiebus - LoveToKnow 1911
		The territory of Schwiebus originally belonged to the principality of Glogau, and in the 16th and 17th centuries was a bone of contention between the electors of Brandenburg and the emperors.
		A compromise was arrived at in 1686, by which the elector received the lordship of Schwiebus on renouncing his claims to the principalities of Liegnitz, Brieg and Wohlau.
		The electoral prince Frederick, afterwards the elector Frederick III., had, however, in a private compact pledged himself to restore Schwiebus to the emperor Leopold I.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Schwiebus (187 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Brandenburg, Reformation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Duchy of Brandenburg was located in the east of the Holy Roman Empire, and it is one of it's largest territories.
		Brandenburg administratively was divided in 3 parts - the ALTMARK (to the west of the Elbe), the KURMARK (between Elbe and Oder) and the NEUMARK (to the East of the Oder).
		While Brandenburg was one of the Empire's largest territories, and it's duke being an elector, one of the politically more important princes, the dukes could only look with envy at the neighbouring Archdiocesis of Magdeburg, the Duchy of Saxony and the Hanseatic League.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/germany/braref.html (777 words)

	Wikinfo \| Brandenburg-Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Duchy of Brandenburg was succeeded by The Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 and the state was absorbed into the German Empire in 1871.
		The invasion was the first shot of the War of the Austrian Succession (Silesia was to have passed to the rulers of Brandenburg on the extinction of its Piast dynasty according to a bilateral arrangement of 1537, subsequently vetoed by the Emperor Ferdinand I).
		The state of Brandenburg continued to exist, in name, at least, under the Third Reich, but in both name and state Prussia was abolished at the end of the war in 1945.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Brandenburg-Prussia (1571 words)

	Electorate of Brandenburg 1356-1701 (Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The lands extending eastward from the Elbe to the Vistula, once inhabited by Germans, were invaded by Slavic tribes who, during the sixth century of the Christian era, pushed their way as far as the Elbe and the Saale in Thuringia.
		Frederick III, Prince Elector (Kurfürst) of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, proclaimed himself King of Prussia in 1701, with the acceptance of the Emperor and other German powers, partly in exchange for his support in the forthcoming War of the Spanish Succession.
		For example flags for Brandenburg are present even in the beginning of the 19th century, when all its flags were replaced since 1707 with the Prussian ones.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/de-br_hi.html (1220 words)

	Thomas's Glassware Tour --- Berlin (D)
		Members of the House of Hohenzollern resided in Berlin until 1918, at first as margraves and electors of Brandenburg, since 1701 as Kings in Prussia (the title was changed to Kings of Prussia by Friedrich II), and from 1871 until 1918 as German emperors.
		Elector Friedrich III (Friedrich I as King in Prussia since 1701) commissioned Andreas Schlüter and later Johann Friedrich Eosander von Göthe to enlarge the residence in splendid Baroque style.
		On 1 January 2001, the borough of Charlottenburg was amalgamated with the borough of Wilmersdorf.
	www.thomasgraz.net /glass/gl-091.htm (4673 words)

	Frederick The Great
		Among the many petty states of the German Empire at the close of the feudal ages was the Electorate of Brandenburg.
		The electorate was thus increased in power and influence, and toward the close of the seventeenth century the Elector Frederick III.
		In the year 1701 the Elector of Brandenburg was changed into Frederick I., King of Prussia.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles29/life-100.shtml (1516 words)

	The Hohenzollern Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		For the history of the rise of the Brandenburg Hohenzollerns (who became Lutheran at the Reformation but turned to Calvinism in 1613), including the account of their considerable acquisitions of territory in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, see Brandenburg.
		In 1701 the elector Frederick III of Brandenburg secured from the Holy Roman emperor Leopold I the title "king in Prussia." The change to "king of Prussia" was not formally recognized until 1772, when Frederick the Great obtained it.
		Frederick William, the Great Elector (reigned 1640-88), obtained E Pomerania, the secularized bishoprics of Cammin, Minden, and Halberstadt, and the expectancy to Magdeburg upon the death of its administrator.
	www.antipas.org /news/europe/hohenzollerns.html (1172 words)

	HolidayCity Flash - The Brandenburg Gate
		When an 18th century King builds a monument to peace, he would hardly expect it to become the focal point of future conflicts and battles, or for it to be appropriated as a symbol by other parties.
		Unfortunately, history was to prove somewhat indifferent to his expectations, and has altered the Tor’s identity to become a symbol and reflection of a united Germany herself.
		The Brandenburg Tor, or Gate, was meant to be exactly that — one of the monumental entryways into Berlin in front of Pariser Platz square, the magnificent terminus to an elegant boulevard of linden trees known as the Unter der Linden, which led directly to the royal palace.
	www.holidaycityflash.com /germany/berlin_brandenburg_tor1.htm (714 words)

	Kingdoms of Germany - Prussia
		Electorate of Brandenburg is purchased from the Holy Roman Empire.
		The two segments are run by the two main branches of the family: East Prussia remains under the control of the Teutonic Knights with Albrecht (1525-1568), and Albert Frederick of Hohenzollern (1568-1618).
		Electorate elevated to a kingdom by the Holy Roman Emperor, the first German state to be raised in this manner.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GermanyPrussians.htm (192 words)

	Kingdoms of Germany - Brandenburg
		Brandenburg emerged initially as the North March (Mark), situated between Billungers March to the north (on the Baltic coast and extreme south-east Denmark), and Lusatia March to the south.
		Brandenburg began as the North March, formed in AD 936.
		The title is managed by Frederick, Captain and Administrator of Brandenburg, before his Hohenzollern family purchase the title.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GermanyBrandenburg.htm (93 words)

	The Thirty Years War: The Battle of White Mountain and the End of the Bohemian Rebellion
		The three religious electors, the Electors of Mainz, Trier and Cologne were Catholic, as was Ferdinand.
		The Elector of Saxony was a Lutheran; the Electors of Brandenburg and the Palatinate Calvinist.
		The Elector also demanded a mortgage over the Lusatias to defray his expenses and some vague comfort that Lutherans would be protected from the Imperial wrath.
	www.pipeline.com /~cwa/White_Mountain_Phase.htm (2528 words)

	Brandenburg, state, Germany
		the electors of Brandenburg acquired (1614) the duchy of
		Frederick I, elector of Brandenburg - Frederick I, 1371–1440, elector of Brandenburg (1415–40), first of the Hohenzollerns...
		Frederick William, elector of Brandenburg - Frederick William, known as the Great Elector,1620–88, elector of Brandenburg...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0808738.html (620 words)

	Chapter VIII. - ASCANIER MARKGRAVES IN BRANDENBURG.
		Much fighting, too, there was with the Archbishops of Magdeburg, now that the Wends are down: standing quarrel there, on the small scale, like that of Kaiser and Pope on the great; such quarrel as is to be seen in all places, and on all manner of scales, in that era of the Christian World.
		The Markgraves or Electors, after quitting Brandenburg, did not come immediately to Berlin; their next Residence was Tangermunde (MOUTH of the TANGER, where little Tanger issues into Elbe); a much grassier place than Berlin, and which stands on a Hill, clay-and-sand Hill, likewise advantageous for strength.
		Brandenburg was indeed steadily an Electorate, its Markgraf a KURFURST, or Elector of the Empire; and always rather on the increase than otherwise.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Fred2/00000018.htm (1227 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Brandenburg, Absolutism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		People joked : "Brandenburg is not a state with an army, it is an army with a state".
		In 1696, the Academie der Mahler-, Bildhauer- und Architectur-Kunst (Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture) was founded, with seat in Berlin, followed in 1700 by the Kurfuerstlich-Brandenburgische Societaet der Wissenschaften (Electoral Brandenburg Society of Sciences and Humanities, later referred to as the Brandenburg Academy of Sciences), also seated in Berlin.
		Brandenburg's colony of Gross Friedrichsburg, from Dutch and Portuguese Colonies
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/germany/braabs.html (533 words)

	Country Life : Pursuits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Tiergarten, the former hunting forest of the electors of Brandenburg, was redesigned as an English landscape park in the 19th century.
		So enjoyable is the stroll from here through the beechwoods to the Brandenburg Gate and up Unter den Linden that it is hard to believe that for 40 years the Wall blocked this route into the historic centre, which lay entirely in theeast.
		The Brandenburg Gate marks the boundary of the old city, which is built on a curve in the River Spree.
	www.countrylife.co.uk /lifecountry/travel/tiergarten.php (479 words)

	Berlin - the past, present and future
		Not long after joining the Hanseatic League of Baltic towns it was chosen as official residence of the Electors of Brandenburg in 1448.
		The people of Brandenburgs fear was that their financial resources would be milked dry paying off building debts for Berlin.
		Brandenburg did not want Berlin to enjoy a special status once again because this time it would have been at their expense.
	www.iol.ie /~gcs/no-frontiers/SPIN_99/Berproj.htm (1370 words)

	Germany, the Stem Duchies & Marches
		The capital of the Electorate and Kingdom of Saxony was Dresden, a beautiful city that later became one of the symbols of the horrors of World War II, when the Allies firebombed it on February 13, 1945.
		Although Brandenburg had been one of the major German states for some time, major enough to rate an Electoral Vote, it is hard to imagine it growing into a Great Power without the additions that began to accrue during the reign of John Sigismund.
		This was disturbing enough to the secular German Electors, that the Emperor Ferdinand II (1619-1637) was threatened with a dispute over the election of the next Hapsburg.
	www.friesian.com /germany.htm (10308 words)

	Sketches of Church History, from AD 33 to the Reformation \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		For the choice of an emperor (or rather of a king of the Romans) had by this time fallen into the hands of seven German princes, of whom four were laymen and three were the archbishops of Mentz, Cologne, and Treves.
		And hence it is that at a later time we find that some German princes had “elector” for their title, as the Electors of Hanover and the Electors of Brandenburg; and even that the three clerical electors were more commonly called electors than archbishops.
		It is not exactly known when this way of choosing the kings of the Romans came in; but, as I have said, it was quite settled before the time of which we are now speaking.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/robertson/history.iv.xviii.html (588 words)

	Chapter X. - BRANDENBURG LAPSES TO THE KAISER.
		Ludwig, after his victory of Muhldorf, preferred to consider the Electorate of Brandenburg as lapsed, lying vacant, ungoverned these three years; and now become the Kaiser's again.
		Ludwig junior, Kaiser Ludwig the Bavarian's eldest son, was still under age when appointed Kurfurst of Brandenburg in 1323: of course he had a "STATEHOLDER" (Viceregent, STATTHALTER); then, and afterwards in occasional absences of his, a series of such, Kaiser's Councillors, Burggraf Friedrich IV.
		Who these Brandenburg Statthalters were, is heartily indifferent even to Dryasdust,--except that one of them for some time was a Hohenzollern: which circumstance Dryasdust marks with the due note of admiration.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Fred2/00000020.htm (933 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		It is a canal port and a major industrial district of Berlin.
		Spandau was chartered as a town in 1232, and during 1560 to 1594 the electors of Brandenburg built a major fortress there on the Havel River.
		The fortress was occupied in the Thirty Years War by the Swedes (1631-34) and in the French Revolutionary Wars by the French (1806-13).
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:spandau (115 words)

	Hotel Tiergarten Berlin: Your hotel in the heart of Berlin
		Once the hunting ground of the electors of Brandenburg outside the city walls, Tiergarten“ today is one of the inner-city boroughs of Berlin.
		In the 16th century, the elector Joachim I used the area of 250 hectars as a game preserve for hunting parties.
		As an extension of "Unter den Linden", Frederick had an avenue built stretching from the royal residence to the new country seat, the Lietzenburg Palace, which is now known as "Schloss Charlottenburg" (Castle Charlottenburg).
	www.hotel-tiergarten.de /english/tiergarten (568 words)

	Antique, old, rare and historic Maps & Prints of Niedersachsen, Moll, Hermann, The N.E. Part of Germany Containing the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Antique, old, rare and historic Maps & Prints of Niedersachsen, Moll, Hermann, The N.E. Part of Germany Containing the Dominions of the Electors of Brandenburg and Saxony, the Dutchy of Meklenburg, Pomerania and Silesia &c.
		Title: The N.E. Part of Germany Containing the Dominions of the Electors of Brandenburg and Saxony, the Dutchy of Meklenburg, Pomerania and Silesia &c.
		Small and decorative map of the northeastern part of Germany mainly covering Pommerania, Saxony and Silesia towards the borders of Poland.
	www.bergbook.com /htdocs/woda/data/demo/descriptions/17555.htm (132 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Brandenburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Although it suffered heavily in the Thirty Years War (1618-48), Brandenburg emerged as a military power under Frederick William, the Great Elector (reigned 1640-88), who acquired E Pomerania and freed Prussia from Polish suzerainty.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Brandenburg" at HighBeam.
		Intervoice Announces David W. Brandenburg's Retirement and New Leadership Appointments.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/BrandenbSta.asp (625 words)

	Unofficial Flags used in 1989-1990 (Brandenburg, Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		(...) For Brandenburg the flag is very similar to the one used today, red-white horizontal bicolour with arms.
		However, the eagle in the arms seems to be a bit different, even though such differences cannot be seen clearly.
		(...) For Brandenburg, the flag with the arms showing a red eagle, with the former inescutcheon of the Electors of Brandenburg.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/de-br990.html (253 words)

	Wikinfo \| Hohenzollern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Hohenzollerns are a European royal family which came to rule Brandenburg, in 1415.
		They ruled the Duchy of Prussia from 1525-1701; and the Kingdom of Prussia from 1701-1918.
		Nonetheless, the real importance of the Hohenzollerns began with their being raised to the rank of Elector for the Holy Roman Empire in 1415 upon the acquisition of Brandenburg by the first Hohenzollern Elector, Friedrich I; the Brandenburg lands would form the core of the family's power for the next five hundred years.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Hohenzollern (300 words)

	Brandenburg - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Emperor Louis IV, a Wittelsbach, gave (1323) the vacant fief to members of his own house, but Emperor Charles IV (who confirmed the margraves of Brandenburg as electors
		the electors of Brandenburg acquired (1614) the duchy of Cleves
		Except as otherwise permitted by written agreement, the following are prohibited: copying substantial portions or the entirety of the work in machine readable form, making multiple printouts thereof, and other uses of the work inconsistent with U.S. and applicable foreign copyright and related laws.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /staging/search/search.php?word=BrandenbSta (571 words)

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