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Topic: Electoral district

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	::Electoral Districts::
		In recent years, this issue of electoral districts has become less of a problem, but presidential elections have to be seen as being 'whiter than white' and attempts to clean up the issue of electoral districts within American Politics have been well documented.
		In 1962, the Supreme Court in Baker v Carr concluded that Tennessee was at fault for not having changed electoral districts since 1901 and Justice Brennan founded that the failure to reapportion districts had been a denial of the rights contained in the 14th Amendment.
		In the era before the court cases of the 1960’s electoral districts were frequently unequal in population size and there was usually a racial reason for this - or if race was not an issue, then it was an attempt to keep working class votes to a minimum - or the impact of those votes.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /electoral_districts.htm (964 words)

	Electoral district (Canada) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An electoral district is often also known as a "constituency", or a "riding" in the Canadian English political jargon.
		Electoral district names are usually geographic in nature, and chosen to represent the community or region within the electoral district boundaries.
		Electoral district boundaries are adjusted to reflect population changes after each decennial census.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada) (1160 words)

	CRS Report: RL30804 - The Electoral College: An Overview and Analysis of Reform Proposals - NLE
		Indeed, critics of the electoral college system caution that the presence of viable and well funded third-party or independent presidential candidates, who may be able to garner electoral votes by carrying a plurality of the votes in statewide elections, increase the likelihood of contingent election.
		As a result of this distribution of electoral votes among the states, it is arguable that there is a small state advantage over large states with regard to electoral vote allocation relative to the states' populations.
		Specifically, the Court found that excluding a candidate for elector because he or she refuses to pledge support for the party's nominees is a legitimate method of securing party candidates who are pledged to that party's philosophy and leadership.
	www.ncseonline.org /nle/crsreports/government/gov-39.cfm (8754 words)

	Elections PEI: Proposed Provincial Electoral Districts: Elector Counts
		Historically all proposed and approved electoral districts (March 1994, May 1994, June 30, 2004, October 2004 and June 2006) have included the number of electors and corresponding variance for each electoral district as part of each respective report.
		Electors who appeared at their polling station for the September 29, 2003 Provincial General Election who were not recorded in the Register of Electors but who, under Section 65(2) of the Election Act, swore an oath and were recorded in the Poll Book, were added to the Register of Electors.
		Each elector is identified in the Register of Electors by their provincial civic address; as such, the Commission was able to produce a count of electors in each of the proposed electoral districts in the Final Report it released on October 5, 2004.
	www.electionspei.ca /provincial/districts/2006/index.php (597 words)

	[No title]
		District magnitude can be considered in two moments, the first determining the number of players in the system and the second determining the type.
		District magnitude is a function of the drawing of district lines throughout the nation.
		Ishiyama states that electoral system are chosen based on the self-interested vote and seat maximizing nature of political parties, the role of actors, not parties, whose goals are at odds with the party, and the type of transition which creates important actors.
	www.olemiss.edu /courses/pol628/60418zbb.txt (1308 words)

	General Elections Law No. 41 (1992)
		Supervisory Committee(s): the area which is part of the election districts of the Republic and where the citizens exercise their electoral rights according to the provisions of the Constitution on the entire territory of Yemen.
		Article 8: The voters registers in each Electoral District shall mention the name of all citizens of such Electoral District who, on January 1 of each year, would have met the constitutional conditions required to be entitled to exercise their voting rights, and shall list their surname, profession, date of birth, and voting domicile.
		All Citizens as well as the representatives of the Public Prosecutor's Office in the Electoral District are entitled to appeal the decisions of the court of first instance in a request submitted tot he judges appointed by the president of the Court of Appeal of the province.
	www.al-bab.com /yemen/gov/off6.htm (2492 words)

	Electoral district characteristics - Statistics New Zealand
		The data for Māori electoral districts is for the census usually resident population count of Māori descent.
		In Māori electoral districts, 53 percent of the voting age population of Māori descent were women while the remaining 47 percent were men.
		In the Māori electoral districts, the highest proportion of adults of Māori descent employed in the week preceding the census was in the South Island district of Te Tai Tonga (65 percent) and lowest was in Waiariki (55 percent).
	www.stats.govt.nz /products-and-services/Articles/electoral-district-Jul02.htm (1562 words)

	National Capital District Commission (Electoral Provisions) Regulation 1990
		The Electoral Commission shall be responsible for all elections required to be conducted in accordance with Section 40A of the Act.
		The Electoral Commission shall, by notice published on at least five occasions in a newspaper circulating in the National Capital District, appoint such polling places as are necessary for each electorate.
		On a prosecution under this Regulation, the certificate of the Electoral Commission or the Returning Officer that an election referred to in the certificate was duly held and that the person named in the certificate was a candidate at the election is evidence of the matters stated.
	www.worldlii.org /pg/legis/consol_act/ncdcpr1990686 (2787 words)

	Electoral Systems (BP334E) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In electoral districts represented by one member in an elected assembly, simple rather than absolute majorities suffice to determine the winner of an electoral contest.
		A majoritarian electoral system may thus be viewed as a divisive factor in a country with distinct regions, since parties have incentives (in terms of electoral rewards) to make strong regional appeals.
		Because each district is represented by several members, however, the lines of responsibility between the elector and the elected are not always clear.
	www.parl.gc.ca /information/library/PRBpubs/bp334-e.htm (7242 words)

	Electoral College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The fact that the district plan would not prevent the possibility of a minority President is of far less importance to its advocates than the preservation of the federal system, which the district plan would achieve, in their opinion.
		Critics of the district plan insist it would increase the influrence of small states far out of proportion to the size of their populations while drastically reducing the influence of large states in which the votes are usually balanced rather evenly between the parties.
		Electoral votes of the state are allocated to candidates according to the proportion in which the popular vote was cast for slates of electors (if the office is maintained) or for the actual candidates (if office of elector is abolished).
	home.pacbell.net /barbward/two1-6.htm (14643 words)

	Untitled Document
		Every electoral region shall have polling stations which shall be chosen by the national Commission, in consultation with the Ministry of Interior, the Chairmen of the Regions and the national parties.
		The Chairman of the District Electoral Office shall forward the sealed envelope containing the result of the voting for the election of the House of Representatives and a set of the written records to the Chairman of the Regional Electoral Office.
		The Chairman of the Regional Electoral Office, in the presence of the member of the National Commission who was assigned to the region, shall issue the provisional regional result of the election of the House of Representatives.
	www.somalilandelectoralcommission.org /plenglish.html (7797 words)

	THE CHILEAN ELECTORAL SYSTEM
		The 60 electoral districts for the lower chamber were designed so that - if the results of the 188 plebiscite were extrapolated to the coming parliamentary elections - in no such district would the NO option duplicate the YES option.
		Thus, councils with more than 300,000 people did constitute a single electoral district whereas, in some rural areas, the average population of a district (usually formed by several small councils) was about 150,000.
		In 12 districts did the Concertación manage to get more that twice the votes obtained by the conservatives, which were somewhat harmed by the presence of scattered groups of right-wing populist lists running parallel.
	www.psr.keele.ac.uk /docs/chile.htm (2570 words)

	Alternative Forms of Electoral Systems - Basic Properties
		Where the electoral formula is designed to achieve proportional representation, the results are more proportional than where plurality or majority formulas are used. However, not all formulas to achieve PR are alike. Some favor large parties over small ones to varying degrees depending on the number and relative size of the competing parties.
		The greater the number of seats to be elected from an electoral district, the more proportional the overall results, and the greater likelihood that small parties will be represented in the legislature.
		There is no single electoral system that is “optimal” or “best” for all political systems, because political systems vary in respect to the major political groupings that seek power and which shape its politics. These groupings obviously vary as a function of a country’s history and social composition (i.e.
	www.uiowa.edu /~electdis/Alternatives_section2.htm (469 words)

	2001 Federal Electoral District Profile
		A Federal Electoral District is an area represented by a member of Parliament (MP) elected to the House of Commons.
		Following the release of population counts from each decennial census, the Chief Electoral Officer determines the number of seats in the House of Commons and publishes the information in the Canada Gazette.
		Electoral boundaries commissions then determine the adjustments to the constituency boundaries.
	www12.statcan.ca /english/census01/products/standard/fedprofile/index.cfm (232 words)

	Electoral System - PLC elections
		Each district is allocated a number of seats in the parliament according to population numbers.
		In the majority system (districts), the seats allocated to each electoral district are won by candidates who obtain the highest number of valid votes in that district.
		In the event of obtaining an equal number of votes between two or more candidates for an electoral district with one seat, or the last seat in a multiple seats district, elections are held between two or more candidates within ten days.
	www.elections.ps /template.aspx?id=143 (593 words)

	Suriname: Electoral Law of 1987
		The Electoral Council supervises the careful compilation and continual updating of the voters’ lists is referred to in Article 16 of this decree, and ascertains that the corrections and additions which prove to be necessary, or were instructed by court order, are made.
		The Electoral Council shall supervise that the instruction issued with respect to the performance of the various polling in the electoral districts shall be uniform as far as possible, and that the activities of the polling stations on election day shall be executed in the prescribed manner.
		The seats on the District Council are assigned to the political organisations represented on the Local Councils of the district concerned, in proportion of the total number of seats obtained in the Local Councils.
	pdba.georgetown.edu /Electoral/Sur/suriname.html (11965 words)

	THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The number of electors is equal to the number of senators and representatives in Congress who represent that state.
		Very rarely does an elector decide not to cast a ballot for the candidate who won the popular vote in their state.
		The Electoral College was established as a compromise.
	www.evgschool.org /electoral_college.htm (1233 words)

	Geographical Index Help
		The District Electoral Divisions (D.E.Ds) were originally established under the Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1838 as poor law electoral divisions but their present names up to 1972 were fixed under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.
		The equivalent territorial unit for the purpose of elections in county boroughs, municipal boroughs and urban districts is the Ward.
		In 1973 new district councils were set up and these 26 districts were subdivided into 526 Wards which were in turn grouped into 98 District Electoral Areas for local government elections.
	www.proni.gov.uk /geogindx/geoghelp.htm (817 words)

	Lewes District Council: Electoral registration
		Each year the Electoral Registration Officer prepares and publishes a register of electors which includes the names of everyone who appears to them to be eligible to vote.
		It is the statutory duty of the Electoral Registration Officer to prepare and publish a register of electors each year and to include the names of everyone who appears to them to be eligible.
		In addition, 'rolling registration' has now been introduced and enables people to be added to, and deleted from, the electoral register during the year (except between September and November when the new register is being compiled).
	www.lewes.gov.uk /council/450.asp (348 words)

	Malta Today
		The Gozo electoral district could be split up for the first time in electoral history as its quota of the national eligible voting population has exceeded the Constitutional five per cent deviation, now standing at 7.55 per cent.
		Electoral Commissioner Carmel Degabriele told MaltaToday that the Commission is constitutionally bound to review the electoral boundaries at intervals of between two to five years.
		The Commission is expected to present its report on the electoral boundaries on Tuesday, 3 May, to the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition.
	www.maltatoday.com.mt /2005/05/01/t7.html (534 words)

	2006 Electoral District Search
		This district is named after, and a commemoration of, the local Kaurna Aboriginal people who occupied the Adelaide Plains until the end of the 19th century.
		Location: The district of Kaurna is a coastal seat south-west of Adelaide and takes in some of the more southerly beach suburbs of the outer metropolitan area.
		History: The district was created at the 1991 redistribution and has been represented as detailed following.
	www.seo.sa.gov.au /apps/news/?year=2006&districtSearch=3213 (121 words)

	SEO - NSW - current electoral districts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The current Electoral Districts exist up to the issue of the Writ for the 24 March 2007 General Election.
		You can use the District Search feature on the left to locate the electoral district in which you live and view a map of your area.
		To view Electoral Districts that will come into effect for the 24 March 2007 General Election, go to New Electoral Districts.
	www.seo.nsw.gov.au /electoral_districts (103 words)

	The Electoral College: Enlightened Democracy
		The election process was seen as a clever solution to the seemingly unsolvable problem facing the Convention--finding a fair method of selecting the Executive for a nation composed of both large and small states that have ceded some, but not all, of their sovereignty to a central government.
		These consistently wide margins of victory in the Electoral College have come about despite the fact that the margin between the top two candidates in the popular vote was less than 10 percent in 14 of the 26 elections held since 1900.
		The Electoral College minimizes the impact of fraud, isolating it to the one or two states where the vote was close, disputed, and relevant to the Electoral College balance.
	www.heritage.org /Research/LegalIssues/lm15.cfm (7309 words)

	Maine-Nebraska "District Plan" Electoral College Vote Method Applied to Entire Country
		The "America At the Polls" goes COUNTY-by- COUNTY and that's easier in a sense because in each state, the law requires the each COUNTY to send in its official results to the Secretary Of State and so all the totals for each STATE are simply the sum of each COUNTY's results.
		The difficulty in doing the CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT results is that those districts all meander thru several counties and in a sense they are NOBODY's official responsibility to keep track of from a presidential standpoint.
		My "OLD ELECTORAL" results occasionally differ by an electoral vote but that's because my program doesn't allow for "faithless electors" who voted for somebody other than who they were supposed to have voted for.
	www.kiva.net /~jsagarin/sports/electoral.htm (578 words)

	Mapleleafweb.com: Canada's New Electoral Boundaries - Readjustment of Electoral Boundaries
		To conduct the readjustment, ten federal electoral boundaries commissions are established – one for each province – to consider and report on any changes required to the boundaries of the electoral districts.
		In fact, the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada has reported that the distribution of Members of Parliament (MP's) in Canada is skewed in all provinces, except Quebec.
		It provides the number of parliamentary members that will be elected from each province, divides each province into electoral districts, describes the boundaries of each district, and provides a name as well as population figures for each district.
	www.mapleleafweb.com /features/electoral/boundaries/readjustment-canada.html (1237 words)

	State Records NSW - Short Guide 1 - Electoral rolls
		In 1858 the franchise was extended to all adult males who had lived in an electorate for the preceding six months and were either British citizens by birth or had been naturalised for five years and had lived in the colony for the preceding two.
		In 1893 the property vote was abolished as well as the six month residence requirement, which in effect gave the vote to itinerant workers and shearers and, in 1902 the vote was given to women.
		District of the United Counties of Phillip, Brisbane and Bligh in the Police District of Murrurundi
	www.records.nsw.gov.au /guides/short_guide_1_electoral_rolls_9417.asp (836 words)

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