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Topic: Electoral reform

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	Electoral Reform Processes
		Electoral reforms that take place in such regimes are less likely to produce a legitmate reform, either because the interests that are over-represented are in a position to perpetuate their own power or because well-meaning reformers do not have enough information to anticipate the strength or preferences of the excluded groups accurately.
		In some countries the electoral system has been blamed for problems contributing to the breakdown of the democratic regime; in these cases electoral reform is often high on the agenda of subsequent authoritarian rulers and can become an issue during a transition back to democracy.
		Reform early in a transition to democracy is similar to that in an authoritarian regime, with a greater probability of technical errors due to the uncertainty and the pressure to adopt a reform quickly.
	www.nd.edu /~mcoppedg/crd/ace.htm (3310 words)

	3PT - Electoral College Primer
		Makeup and operation of the electoral college itself are tightly defined by the Constitution, but the method of choosing electors is left to the states.
		Electors cast their votes for individual candidates rather than for party slates, with the majority winner being elected president and the runner-up, vice president.
		The main danger of faithless electors is that the candidate who wins the popular vote could wind up one or two votes short of a majority in the electoral college and could lose the election on a technicality.
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /case/3pt/electoral.html (2177 words)

	electoral college reform options
		A variation would be to calculate each individual electoral vote according to the congressional district it represents, with the two senatorial votes being determined by the overall vote of the state.
		Electoral votes would have to be awarded proportionally by each state, not by winner-take-all, because if winner-take-all was used, the preferential part would quite likely never get to operate.
		The electoral votes of each state would go to whoever got the most approval votes in that state, or could be split proportionally among candidates according to their approval vote totals.
	gning.org /electoral.html (5238 words)

	Electoral Reform Society - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Electoral Reform Society is a pressure group based in the UK which promotes electoral reform.
		It was founded in January 1884 as the Proportional Representation Society by John Lubbock, the name was changed to Electoral Reform Society in 1958.
		It is believed to the oldest organisation concerned with electoral systems in the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electoral_Reform_Society (276 words)

	Electoral reform in New Zealand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electoral Reform in New Zealand has, in recent years, become a political issue as major changes have been made to both Parliamentary and local government elections.
		All New Zealand elections from 1914 to 1996 have consistently used the British system of 'first past the post' (FPP) for parliamentary elections (bloc voting and Runoff voting were used in a limited number of elections before 1914).
		In 1986 The Royal Commission on the Electoral System, established in 1984, recommended changing to the Mixed Member Proportional electoral system (MMP).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electoral_reform_in_New_Zealand (700 words)

	Canadian Electoral Reform
		The recommendation to adopt a new electoral system was put to the voters in a referendum question at the May 2005 provincial election.
		When the votes were counted, however, 64% of the PEI electorate voted against the proposal; only 2 of the 27 ridings saw a majority in favour of electoral change.
		The other 40% of the electorate were left with no direct representation of their policy interests in the legislature.
	www.sfu.ca /~aheard/elections/reform.html (2686 words)

	Electoral Reform in Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The electoral law practiced in Israel from 1951 to 1992 was one of the purest forms of proportional rule.
		The new electoral law enables small parties to pressure the big parties to accommodate their policy preferences in three rounds: preceding the first-round of the election, again before the second-round of the election, and still again during the bargaining process for the formation of the coalition government.
		The diminished electoral size of the big parties, resulting from the change in the electoral law, and the inevitable increase of the power of small and medium-size parties, virtually eliminates the possibility of a stable core in the Knesset's policy space.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/es/esy_il (2317 words)

	ElectionReform.org - Electoral College Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		While the Electoral College was originally created as a buffer between the people and the presidency, our system has outgrown the utility of the Electoral College.
		The Electoral College: Then, Now and Tomorrow - An essay on the history and current state of the Electoral College and problems that exist in using the current Electoral College approach.
		In Defense of the Electoral College - Article by John Samples, Director of the Center for Representative Government at the CATO Institute supporting the Electoral College.
	www.electionreform.org /ERMain/priorities/ec/default.htm (404 words)

	The Electoral College - Reform Options
		Each state’s electors would still be appointed through a winner-take-all method, but the IRV states would now be guaranteed to have a winner with majority approval.
		Some suggest that one way to patch this problem of uneven electors would be to increase the number of electoral votes by a factor of 10 or 100 or more to reduce the margin of error.
		This method divides electoral votes by district, allocating one vote to each district and using the remaining two as a bonus for the statewide popular vote winner.
	www.fairvote.org /e_college/reform.htm (1750 words)

	BBC News \| AMERICAS \| Pressure mounts for electoral reform
		Electoral experts believe that outright abolition of the Electoral College is unlikely, but they also believe that the punch card ballot might be seeing its last election.
		He says the Electoral College caused the candidates to focus on 10 to 15 swing states to the exclusion of the remaining 75%.
		In a run-off, he fears that there would be very public "wheeling and dealing" as the two candidates in the run-off bargained with the losing candidates for their support.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/americas/1072961.stm (932 words)

	Electoral Reform Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The Electoral Reform Society is part of the Make Votes Count coalition, a happy family of campaigners united by the desire to see reform.
		The Electoral Reform Society is a membership organisation which campaigns for improvements in our democracy, particularly through the use of better voting systems.
		The Electoral Reform Society is playing an active part in the campaign to win a referendum on changing the voting system for Westminster.
	www.electoral-reform.org.uk (568 words)

	Electoral College
		The significance of the analogy of presidential electors to congressional delegations frequently is debated.
		Electoral votes of the state are allocated to candidates according to the proportion in which the popular vote was cast for slates of electors (if the office is maintained) or for the actual candidates (if office of elector is abolished).
		One of the very few areas of agreement in the whole subject of electoral reform is that some kind of provision should be made in the Constitution in case of the death or disability after election day of the victorious candidate for President or Vice President.
	home.pacbell.net /barbward/two1-6.htm (14643 words)

	Malta: Electoral Reform
		The principle aim of the reform of the proposed Electoral Law, however, is to regulate once and for all the problem of proportionality between votes and seats in Parliament.
		Consequently the principle aim of the proposed reform is the introduction of a new method of counting of votes to ensure a much stricter proportionality between the votes polled by a particular party on a national basis and the seats assigned to that party in Parliament.
		Today, the district electoral quota is 16.6% of all valid votes polled in that division which, in an extreme case, means that even through a party polls slightly less than 16.6% of all the votes nationally, it might still not elect a single Member of Parliament.
	www.maltadata.com /white.htm (3566 words)

	Prospects for Electoral Reform in Canada
		The main difference was that electoral district boundaries would largely conform to MRC (county) boundaries, which meant they would be smaller in size with twenty-one regional districts with three to fourteen seats per district.
		Their failure to support electoral reform cannot have been simply a matter of partisan political advantage, for the deputies understood -- and had the simple mathematics explained to them by proponents of the reform if they did not -- what the numbers meant for the party.
		Second, the reform, if it is to have any hope of making it through the legislative process, will have to be based on the German compensatory model, since it is the only proportional system which allows people to have their own representative.
	www.fairvote.org /reports/1995/chp7/milner.html (3216 words)

	Approval Voting: Rational, Constitutional Electoral Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		In today's discussion, I will argue for an electoral reform that is fundamentally fair and accurately represents minority interests, and can be implemented on a state-by-state basis without changing the Constitution.
		The Electoral College was intended to protect federalism and minority interests by increasing the voting power of small states.
		The Electoral College also imposes a requirement on a successful candidate that the popular vote be sufficiently distributed to obtain a majority, which prevents regional domination.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /~hagerp/ec_reform.htm (1232 words)

	Reform - Home
		Reform is an independent, non-party think tank whose mission is to set out a better way to deliver public services and economic prosperity.
		The latest Reform bulletin praises the plans for police accountability in the Conservative Partyâs recent policy announcement, along with reforms to police force pay and conditions to raise po...
		Key stories include David Cameron setting out Conservative plans for reform of the police in a speech yesterday; the possible delay of the education White Paper; a Treasury presentation which calls for increased productivity; and an argument from John Hutton that future benefit reforms must be centred on the compulsion to work.
	www.reform.co.uk (1034 words)

	Japan - Electoral Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The process leading to political reform involved defections from the LDP, the decline of old parties, the birth of new ones, and a rapid succession of unlikely coalition governments.
		It is still difficult, after only one election, to distinguish between the effects of the new electoral system and the effects of this political turmoil.
		The political turmoil surrounding political reform shook the factions badly and now that candidates no longer need electoral support against their internal rivals, there is one less incentive to reform them.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/es/esy_jp.htm (896 words)

	Lok Satta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Lok Satta is convinced that the national reform effort should be focused on one clearly defined vital goal, the achievement of which facilitates all other reforms.
		Electoral reform is identified as such a crucial goal for the following reasons:
		Sharing of electoral reform agenda, and the experience of citizens' initiatives for fair elections (Election Watch) and good governance(People's Watch) with the best known activists and thinkers in major States.
	www.loksatta.org /acti8.htm (295 words)

	Elections BC - General Election and Referendum on Electoral Reform 2005
		At the May 17, 2005 provincial general election, voters were provided with two ballots: one for a Member of the Legislative Assembly and one for the Referendum on Electoral Reform.
		Elections BC administered the Referendum on Electoral Reform in conjunction with the May 17, 2005, general election in accordance with the Electoral Reform Referendum Act and Referendum Act.
		Voters were provided with two ballots — one for the candidates in their electoral district and one for the province-wide referendum on electoral reform.
	www.elections.bc.ca /elections/ge2005/referendum.htm (375 words)

	Electoral College Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		During the 2000 presidental election, it became painfully obvious that the United States needs to reform its procedure for choosing a president, the electoral college.
		The slow evolution of the electoral college from a restrictive, elitist system is not yet complete.
		The Fake Is The New Real Electoral Reform Map redivides the territory of the United States into 50 bodies of equal size - 281,421,906 divided by 50 is 5,616,997.
	www.fakeisthenewreal.org /reform/reform.html (424 words)

	FairVote - Home
		On the heels of the failure of redistricting reform in California, Republican and Democratic lawmakers are citing the critical need for broad reforms, such as proportional voting, to overhaul the state's broken electoral system.
		The reforms are partly intended to better include Sunni Muslims who, due to a boycott under the old system, won few seats in January despite their proportion of Iraq's population.
		FairVote Chair John Anderson on the harmful impact of the Electoral College.
	www.fairvote.org (766 words)

	Thomson Nelson - Political Science -Government and Politics on the Web/Introduction to International Politics
		There are many different ways of conducting elections and translating the votes cast by the electorate into seats in the legislature.
		A number of groups and individuals are campaigning for the reform of the electoral system in Canada, Britain, and the U.S. All advocate moving to some form of proportional representation. ;
		The sample NZ ballot is useful to look at in order to understand the two votes each elector now has. In 2001, the New Zealand Parliament released a report on the country's experience with the MMP system.
	polisci.nelson.com /electsys.html (1238 words)

	What You Can Get Away With » Electoral reform
		He faced a fierce battle from an opponent who made electoral reform a central part of his personal manifesto whil Falconer defended the status quo.
		Finally, to return to a point Chris has made before, the operation of an FPTP electoral system pretty much requires there to be a regional differentiation between votes for if all votes were distributed evenly across the country, then a party with only the barest plurality could take every seat.
		Looks like the momentum behind electoral reform is building, so time for a new category for what will hopefully be a big issue for the next year or so.
	www.nickbarlow.com /blog/index.php?cat=42 (2180 words)

	CBC News: Put electoral reform in hands of people: NDP
		OTTAWA - The federal NDP wants to create a committee of "ordinary Canadians" to look into reforming the country's electoral system and put their recommendations to a referendum, says leader Jack Layton.
		He says electoral reform is a high priority and that he's already been in talks with the other opposition leaders on the issue.
		The B.C. Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform — a group of 160 randomly selected people — is spending the year reviewing the province's electoral system.
	www.cbc.ca /story/canada/national/2004/09/01/ndp_040901.html (264 words)

	ElectionReform.org - Analysis of Electoral College Reform Options (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		District Method - The basis of this option would be to reform the selection process for Electors in the states so that the Electors would be allocated by the majority vote in each congressional district with the two remaining Electors being allocated by the majority vote statewide.
		This option would be an effective reform measure to take, as it would serve to better represent the American population and ensure that the winners of the election correctly represent the choices of the American population.
		There are an unlimited number of variations on this option, including requiring a certain percentage threshold to receive electoral votes, such as 5% or 20% of the popular vote.
	www.electionreform.org /ERMain/priorities/ec/reform.htm (492 words)

	Wards Now! Vancouver Electoral Reform
		Webcast from the January 21, 2004 "Overview meeting" with academic experts, of the Vancouver Electoral Reform Commission at Simon Fraser University, Harbour Centre
		Now, finally, with a progressive majority on city council, a reform commission is beginning a process which could bring a more democratic "ward" system to city elections.
		This webcast was from the second in a series of fifteen public forums and meetings presented by the Vancouver Electoral Reform Commission.
	workingtv.com /wardsnow.html (173 words)

	Electoral Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		A report written by the Aboriginal Electoral Reform, which is comprised of former and present Member's of Parliament of Aboriginal ancestry, also addresses the structural inequalities of the federal electoral system.
		Aboriginal electors would elect Members of Parliament who would represent them and be directly accountable to them at regular intervals.
		Marlene used the problems the Maori Aboriginals of New Zealand, who have four guaranteed seats, are encountering as her main example that the electoral reform regarding Aboriginal people in Canada would not work.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /indian/a92feb04.htm (806 words)

	Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform - IMPROVING DEMOCRACY IN B.C.
		The electoral system the Assembly members propose for the province is BC-STV, short for British Columbia Single Transferable Vote.
		QUOTE: “The STV electoral system is supported because it is seen as fair since it delivers proportional representation, and because of the power it gives voters to choose their parliamentary representatives by ranking all candidates in order of their choice.” — The international ACE Project (Administration and Cost of Elections).
		Use the Assembly's Educational Resources to explore electoral reform in your classroom.
	www.citizensassembly.bc.ca /public (1097 words)

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