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Topic: Electra (Sophocles)

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	The Internet Classics Archive \| Electra by Sophocles
		For my part, friends, I am not wholly unused to her discourse; nor should I have touched upon this theme, had I not heard that she was threatened with a dread doom, which shall restrain her from her long-drawn laments.
		Electra, forsaken, braves the storm alone; she bewails alway, hapless one, her father's fate, like the nightingale unwearied in lament; she recks not of death, but is ready to leave the sunlight, could she but quell the two Furies of her house.
		Bethink thee, Electra, thou art the child of mortal sire, and mortal was Orestes; therefore grieve not too much.
	classics.mit.edu /Sophocles/electra.html (8548 words)

	Sophocles - MSN Encarta
		Sophocles composed more than 100 plays, of which 7 complete tragedies and fragments of 80 or 90 others are preserved.
		Sophocles is considered by many modern scholars the greatest of the Greek tragedians and the perfect mean between the titanic symbolism of Aeschylus and the rhetorical realism of Euripides.
		Sophocles also effected a transformation in the spirit and significance of a tragedy; thereafter, although problems of religion and morality still provided the themes, the nature of man, his problems, and his struggles became the chief interest of Greek tragedy.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554045/Sophocles.html (621 words)

	Sophocles - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sophocles, c.496 BC-406 BC, Greek tragic dramatist, younger contemporary of Aeschylus and older contemporary of Euripides, b.
		The characters in Sophocles are governed in their fate more by their own faults than by the actions of the gods as in the tragedies of Aeschylus.
		Sophocles is supposed to have said that Aeschylus composed correctly without knowing it; Euripides portrayed people as they were; and he painted people as they ought to be.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-sophocle.html (514 words)

	Sophocles and His Tragedies
		Aristophanes accused him of avarice, though there is nothing in what is known of Sophocles to substantiate the charge, and this is further disproved by the utter neglect of his affairs, which brought on him the imputation of lunacy, refuted by reading to his judges a passage from a newly-written play.
		Sophocles, with his just perception of the beautiful in art, effected an outward realization of the conceptions of the great master, exhibiting in perfect form before the eyes of Athens what the other had hewn out in rude masses from the mines of thought.
		In the Trachiniæ, or Women of Trachis, are described the sufferings of Hercules and the levity of Dëianeira, atoned for by her death; the Electra is distinguished by energy and pathos, and in the Oedipus at Colonus are a mildness and gracefulness suggestive of the character of the author.
	www.theatrehistory.com /ancient/sophocles001.html (1239 words)

	Electra 2, Greek Mythology Link - www.maicar.com
		Electra 2 is mainly remembered for having waited for the return of her brother Orestes 2, hoping that he would avenge their father Agamemnon, who was murdered, at his return from Troy, by his own wife Clytaemnestra and her lover, the usurper Aegisthus.
		And to mourning Electra 2 added indignation on account of the scandal that wrapped the rulers of the palace, letting herself be utterly disgusted when she saw Aegisthus sitting on her father's throne, and wearing Agamemnon's robes.
		Electra 2 then, accompanied by the messenger, travelled to Delphi in order to inquire about her brother's death, and happened to arrive the same day that Iphigenia and Orestes 2 returned from Tauris.
	homepage.mac.com /cparada/GML/Electra2.html (2108 words)

	Electra Summary & Essays - Sophocles
		Electra's duty in the play is to avenge her father's murder, but this involves killing her own mother, another crime which will have consequences down the line.
		Sophocles's tragedy deals with the fate of mortals such as Electra and her brother Orestes, who act out lives which seem on the one hand to be determined by the gods, yet on the other hand are shaped by decisions made by seemingly autonomous individuals.
		His audiences responded to Electra's filial duty to avenge her father's death, for this was an honorable deed, and they were affected by the tragic consequences which it involved.
	www.enotes.com /electra-sophocles (304 words)

	Example Degree Essays - Literature Essays - Sophocles and Euripides Treatement of Orestei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sophocles' purpose in bringing Chrysothemis into his play seems to be to emphasise and test Electra's noble devotion to her father's cause.[10] This is unnecessary in The Libation Bearers, where Electra does not participate in her mother's murder, and in Euripides' version, where Electra's and Orestes' actions are not noble but appear "sordid" and extreme.
		In his Electra, Sophocles presented a world where personal and universal justice were not at odds, but the goals and needs of family members were, where women were expected to keep the memory of old grievances alive, to fan the flames of justice, but could not, themselves, act.
		Sophocles may have been making a comment about the inability of Athenian citizens to act during the crisis of the oligarchic revolution in 411 BC, but the play's dating is too uncertain to be sure; Foley, Helen.
	www.degree-essays.com /essays/literatureessays/sophocles.html (6041 words)

	SparkNotes: Electra: Context
		Sophocles was born in 495 BC in Colonus, a village a mile north of Athens.
		Sophocles was also of a profoundly religious temperament, filled with a deep reverence for his country's gods, but without any strains of crude superstition.
		Euripides similarly focuses on the issue of character, but Euripides's Electra is ultimately destroyed by her situation, whereas Sophocles's Electra prevails and triumphs, rendering his play both a highly satisfactory revenge drama and an interesting study of the psychology of Electra herself.
	www.sparknotes.com /drama/electra/context.html (675 words)

	Electra (Sophocles) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electra or Elektra is a Greek tragic play by Sophocles.
		Electra laments over her father, first on her own, then (in lyrics) with the newly-arrived chorus.
		Electra dismisses her arguments, sure that Orestes is now dead.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electra_(Sophocles) (593 words)

	Sophocles' Electra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sophocles' Electra differs from Aeschylus' and Euripides' treatment in that Sophocles "minimizes Apollo's role," that "Everyone acts as a foil of Electra," that she "makes no soliloquies to reveal herself," and that Paedagogus provides a dramatic account of a chariot race that never happened (Grene 123).
		Electra has been waiting for him for years and bemoans her lot: having to live with the murderers (Clytemnestra and Aegisthus) of her father Agamemnon.
		A disguised Orestes and Electra have an interchange and, with the obligatory locks of hair and rings as evidence, their identities are revealed to one another.
	www.wsu.edu /~delahoyd/sophocles_electra.html (302 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Electra (Dover Thrift): Books: Sophocles,George Young (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sophocles' Electra tells the story of the revenge Orestes and Electra take on their mother, Clytemnestra, for the murder of their father Agamemnon, after he returns from the Trojan War.
		In the Sophocles version of "Electra" the emphasis is on the psychological dimensions of the situation; after all, it is from this play that Freud developed his concept of the Electra complex.
		Electra is not as central a character to the drama as she is in the Euripides version, mainly because she does not have a functional purpose in this tragedy.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Electra-Dover-Thrift-Sophocles/dp/0486284824 (885 words)

	Biography of Sophocles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		ELECTRA (c.420-410), like the Oresteia of Aeschylus, concerns justice and vengeance in the House of Atreus but focuses on the sensitively drawn character of Electra.
		To be a hero in Sophocles is to be the bearer of a destiny that is mysteriously bound up with the divine will, but one that nevertheless must be worked out in the individual's life.
		Sophocles' great dramatic achievement was to reinterpret the ancient myths through a fuller development of individual character and to endow surface detail with deeper symbolic significance.
	www.honors.montana.edu /~oelks/TC/SophoclesBio.html (860 words)

	Electra by Sophocles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sophocles, one of the three famous Greek writers of tragedy (Euripides and Aeschylus being the other two) told stories of individual struggle against fate.
		Electra sends for Orestes, her younger brother, from the royal palace to protect him from Clytemnestra.
		The story is told through the mind of Electra and the stage is peopled with elements from her memory and the terrors of her psyche made manifest in the form of furies and Gods.
	members.aol.com /farolan1/electra.html (640 words)

	sophocles, antigone sophocles, antigone, biography sophocles, sophocles biography, picture sophocles, picture ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He also served on the Board of Generals, a committee that administered civil and military affairs in Athens, and for a time he was director of the Treasury, controlling the funds of the association of states known as the Delian Confederacy.
		Sophocles chose to make each tragedy a complete entity in itself--as a result, he had to pack all of his action into the shorter form, and this clearly offered greater dramatic possibilities.
		Sophocles dismisses the ethical question and adresses himself to the problem of character.
	www.eliterature.com.ar /sophocles (678 words)

	Electra (Sophocles)
		We do not know its date, but various stylistic similarities with the Philoctetes (409 BC) and the Oedipus at Colonus (401 BC) lead scholars to suppose that it was written towards the end of Sophocles' career at the time when he was 82 years old.It is believed that he died around the age of 90.
		Electra, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, rescued her infant brother Orestes from her mother by sending him to Strophius of Phocis.
		Their plan is to have the paedagogus announce that Orestes has died in a chariot accident, and that two men (really Orestes and Pylades) are arriving shortly to deliver an urn with his remains.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/LX/ElectraSophocles.html (603 words)

	Electra
		Electra is heard sobbing within; Orestes wishes to greet her immediately, but is led away to present an offering at the grave of his father.
		Electra advises her not to regard the commands of her wicked mother, but to offer up at the tomb a prayer for herself and her brother and sister, and for the return of Orestes as the avenger.
		Sophocles, on the other hand, while elaborating the details, represents the whole story in a milder and less terrible form, by concentrating our sympathies on Electra, on her constancy in adhering to her own deep convictions, and on the heroism she displays in suffering.
	www.theatrehistory.com /ancient/bates022.html (1754 words)

	Euripides' Electra
		Sophocles glosses over the murder of Clytemnestra, and focuses attention on Aegisthus.
		He also attacks the double standard for men and women: Electra dominates the play; he is fascinated by her psychology (compare her with Medea).
		Electra is desssed in rags, and takes a pride in her unkempt appearance.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~loxias/electra.htm (336 words)

	Sophocles
		Sophocles is the second of the three great Athenian tragic poets, and the one with whose plays we are most familiar: the names of Ajax, Antigone, and Oedipus are well-known.
		To express his ideas, Sophocles had to change the way tragedies were played, by adding a third (and once even a fourth) actor, and enlarging the chorus.
		There is a report that Sophocles played the title role in his Nausicaa (now lost) and made a big hit with his ballplaying (Nausicaa, the Phaeacian princess in the Odyssey was playing ball with her friends when she came upon the shipwrecked Odysseus).
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Live/Writer/Sophocles.htm (751 words)

	Electronic Antiquities Volume III, Number 6
		175-7, Electra claims that because the hair is identical to her own it must be her brother's, assuming, apparently, that siblings never have hair of different color or texture.
		In order for this to be achieved, Electra must be convinced of the truth of his tale, which the Paedagogos does by convincing her that he was an first-hand witness to the event.
		Electra says she knows Orestes is dead, for she heard about it 'from someone who was there when he died' (v.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /ejournals/ElAnt/V3N6/grote.html (2051 words)

	Ancient Greek Online library \| Sophocles
		Sophocles (early 5th century BC—406 BC) was an ancient Greek playwright, dramatist, priest, and politician of Athens.
		Sophocles was born about a mile northwest of Athens in the rural deme (small community) of Colonus Hippius in Attica.
		In 440, Sophocles was elected as one of the ten strategoi (military commanders) of Athens.
	www.greektexts.com /library/Sophocles (654 words)

	Guide to Sophocles' Electra
		It is extremely difficult to read this play without thinking of the middle portion of Aeschylus' trilogy, and this is doubtless Sophocles' intention.
		Note the difference in Electra's account (565ff) of the reasons for Iphigenia's sacrifice.
		Is Electra really better off at the end of the play than the beginning?
	www.temple.edu /classics/electra.html (265 words)

	Sophocles' Electra
		Sophocles, in contradistinction, seems generally more interested in the idea of the hero: in the question of how extraordinary mortals feed into essential questions like justice, and wisdom, and the proper relationship between mortal and divine worlds, between what is public and what is private, etc.
		At first, Electra is a sidekick: in the kommos, she and Orestes sing a song of increasing murderous passion; but as the play goes on, El.
		Electra thus is left isolated for most of the play, and her isolation is the focus
	classics.uc.edu /~johnson/tragedy/electra-s.html (1102 words)

	Electra by Sophocles translated by Anne Carson - R A I N T A X I o n l i n e
		Electra by Sophocles translated by Anne Carson - R A I N T A X I o n l i n e
		Electra is necessarily a play dominated by language, the natural result of a theater with almost no set, props, or stage directions.
		Electra's cries are just bones of sound." Carson rightly argues that these manifestations of emotive noise are an essential part of the character and the play.
	www.raintaxi.com /online/2001summer/sophocles.shtml (463 words)

	Introduction to Sophocles' Electra :: Haverford College
		Sophocles' Electra focuses on the aftermath of the murder of Agamemnon, the leader of the Greek army in its assault on the Troy, by his wife Clystemnestra upon his return from war.
		Other Electras: a summary of the significant Greek retellings of the Electra myth, including a summary of Aeschylus' treatment, and a comparison of those by Sophocles and Euripides.
		Electra and her brother Orestes appear in many works of ancient art.
	www.haverford.edu /classics/activities/electra/electra.html (332 words)

	Blood Relations: A dense, engrossing adaptation of Sophocles' still powerful tragedy, 'Electra,' is impeded by a messy ...
		You may recall Sophocles’ intricate version of the Greek tragedy, the bloodbath where Electra, born to King Agamemnon and his queen Clytemnestra, seeks revenge for her father’s death after his return from the Trojan War.
		Electra still bears the burden of avenging her father’s death, and she is still ready, willing and enormously capable of performing matricide.
		It’s easy for her Electra to slip into moments of gluttonous melodrama, responding to pain and to happiness with the same level of enthusiasm.
	www.metroweekly.com /arts_entertainment/stage.php?ak=1564 (1004 words)

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