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Topic: Electric arc

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	Arc-Welding Fundamentals \| Lincoln Electric
		In arc welding, the intense heat needed to melt metal is produced by an electric arc.
		An arc is created across the gap when the energized circuit and the electrode tip touches the workpiece and is withdrawn, yet still with in close contact.
		In welding, the arc not only provides the heat needed to melt the electrode and the base metal, but under certain conditions must also supply the means to transport the molten metal from the tip of the electrode to the work.
	www.lincolnelectric.com /knowledge/articles/content/arcweldfund.asp (887 words)

	Steel making with electric arc furnace
		After samples have been taken to check the chemical composition of the steel, the electric arc furnace is tilted to allow the slag, which is floating on the surface of the molten steel, to be poured off.
		The electric arc furnace is then tilted in the other direction and the molten steel poured into a ladle, where it either undergoes secondary steelmaking or is transported to the caster.
		Every tonne of electric arc furnace steel uses about 7.4 GJ of energy compared with about 16.2 GJ for every tonne of BOS steel (7.4 GJ is still equal to the power consumption of a town of 100,000 population).
	www.arcfurnace.com /electric_arc_furnaces.html (329 words)

	Electric arc furnace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one ton capacity used in foundries for producing cast iron products, up to about 400 ton units used for secondary steelmaking (arc furnaces used in research laboratories and by dentists may have a capacity of only a few dozen grams).
		The first electric arc furnaces were developed by Paul Héroult of France, with a commercial plant established in the United States in 1907.
		The arc forms between the charged material and the electrode, and the charge is heated both by current passing through the charge and by the radiant energy evolved by the arc.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electric_arc_furnace (2205 words)

	Arc Flash
		Electricity is one of the most common causes of fire both in the home and workplace.
		Defective or misused electrical equipment is a major cause, with high resistance connections being one of the primary sources of ignition.
		Studies have shown that the electrical resistance of the human body varies with the amount of moisture on the skin, the pressure applied to the contact point, and the contact area.
	www.electrical-experts.com /Arcblast_a.html (2204 words)

	Arc Flash FAQ
		An arcing fault can release tremendous amounts of concentrated radiant energy at the point of the arcing in a small fraction of a second resulting in extremely high temperatures, a tremendous pressure blast, and shrapnel hurling at high velocity (in excess of 700 miles per hour).
		Arc Flash first became popular in the early 1980’s with the publication by Ralph Lee titled, “The Other Electrical Hazard: Electric Arc Blast Burns.” Similar studies illustrated that too many people were suffering injuries as a result of arc flash incidents.
		An electrically safe work condition is defined as a state in which the conductor or circuit part to be worked on or near has been disconnected from energized parts, locked/tagged in accordance with established standards, tested to ensure the absence of voltage, and grounded if determined necessary.
	www.electricalreliability.com /ArcFlashFAQ.htm (2304 words)

	What causes arcing at steam fitting?
		The best method to eliminate this undesirable electric effect is to bond the insulation outer jacket foil to the underlying pipe at frequent intervals as well as across any jacket breaks, such as those indicated at the bolted flange pipe joints shown in the figure.
		Therefore, because electricity flows from a higher potential to a lower potential (ground), the spark seen jumping from the metal jacket to the pipe is doing just that: Flowing from the pipe covering metal to the ground.
		Once the charge is sufficient, it arcs or discharges to the nearest conductor, which happens to be the foil jacket on the fiber glass insulation.
	www.ecmweb.com /mag/electric_causes_arcing_steam (1022 words)

	Electric Arc Furnaces - Basics of Foundry Melting Furnaces
		Electric arc furnaces may be categorised as direct arc or indirect arc.
		Direct arc furnaces are very popular for the melting of alloy steels and range in size from a few kilograms, for laboratory units, to in excess of 100 tonnes per batch.
		Indirect arc furnaces are suitable for melting a wide range of alloys but are particularly popular for the production of copper base alloys.
	www.atlasfdry.com /electricarcfurnaces.htm (451 words)

	Arc lamp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An arc lamp is the general term for a class of lamps that produce light by an electric arc (or voltaic arc).
		The electric arc in an arc lamp consists of gas which is initially ionized by a voltage and is therefore electrically conductive.
		The arc lamps were soon superseded by the more efficient and longer-lasting filament lamps in most roles, remaining in only certain niche markets such as cinema projection and searchlights but even in these applications, conventional carbon arc lamps are finally being pushed into obsolescence by xenon arc lamps.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arc_lamp (1148 words)

	ITSA
		electric arc spraying, a thermal spray process in which an arc is struck between two consumable electrodes of a coating material.
		Generally, the wires were given a difference of electrical potential of about 89 V that caused the wires to melt and; in the presence of a gas stream, spraying was produced.
		Electric arc spraying has the advantage of not requiring the use of oxygen and/or a combustible gas; it has demonstrated the ability to process metals at high spray rates; and is, in many cases, less expensive to operate than either plasma and/or wire flame spraying.
	www.thermalspray.org /site_electricarc.asp (553 words)

	Preventing Arc Flash Incidents in the Workplace
		Arc flash first became a subject of serious study in the early '80s, with the publication of a paper by Ralph Lee titled, “The Other Electrical Hazard: Electric Arc Blast Burns,” in the IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.
		Although the amount of energy released in an arc flash explosion may be greater for higher voltage installations found in some petrochemical and other industrial plants, the sheer volume of low voltage equipment in commercial and industrial facilities means that installations like these account for the greatest number of arc flash incidents.
		In an arc flash incident, an enormous amount of concentrated radiant energy explodes outward from electrical equipment, creating pressure waves that can damage a person's hearing, a high-intensity flash that can damage their eyesight, and a superheated ball of gas that can severely burn a worker's body and melt metal.
	www.ecmweb.com /mag/electric_preventing_arc_flash (1763 words)

	Electric Arc - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Electric Arc, type of continuous electric discharge, giving intense light and heat, formed between two electrodes in a gas at low pressure or in...
		Peace, even though uncertain, has put an end to the hot wars in Asia and already resulted in a lessening of the demand for metals.
		Among these is the Clayton station of the Appalachian Electric Power Co. (American Gas and Electric Co.), which involves four 20,333 kilovolt-ampere alternators.
	encarta.msn.com /Electric_Arc.html (183 words)

	Electric Plasma effects in the cosmos
		An electrical "plasma" is a cloud of ions and electrons that, under the excitation of applied electrical and magnetic fields, can sometimes light up and behave in some unusual ways.
		The electrical conductivity of any material, including plasma, is determined by two factors: the density of the population of available charge carriers (the ions) in the material, and the mobility of these carriers.
		In fact, electric currents, flowing in plasmas, have been shown to produce most of the observed astronomical phenomena that are inexplicable if we assume that the only forces at work in the cosmos are magnetism and gravity.
	www.electric-cosmos.org /electricplasma.htm (2514 words)

	The Electric Glow of the Sun
		In the electrical model, the Sun is the “anode” or positively charged body in the electrical exchange, while the "cathode" or negatively charged contributor is not a discrete object, but the invisible “virtual cathode” at the limit of the Sun’s coronal discharge.
		In the lexicon of astronomy, this is the “heliopause.” In electrical terms, it is the cellular sheath or “double layer” separating the plasma cell that surrounds the Sun ("heliosphere”) from the enveloping galactic plasma.
		The electrical theorists see the Sun as a perfect example of this characteristic of glow discharges—a radical contrast to the expected dissipation of energy from the core outward in the fusion model of the Sun.
	www.thunderbolts.info /tpod/2005/arch05/050427sun.htm (1514 words)

	ElectricMuseum.com Arc Lamps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The interior globe is almost airtight so that after a few minutes the arc burns mostly in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
		Below is an illustration from a 1911 General Electric supply catalog showing a version of this lamp with the globes installed.
		Arc lamps were widely used for street lighting from the late 1870's well into the 1900's, but they were also used for interior illumination in larger spaces.
	www.electricmuseum.com /exhibits/arclamps/ge_arcs.shtml (718 words)

	Attorney: Arc Welding: Electric Welding Rod Injury
		Electric arc welding, the most frequently used process, includes many different variations that involve various types of electrodes, fluxes, shielding gases, and types of equipment.
		Electric arc welding can be divided into processes using nonconsumable electrodes and consumable electrodes.
		In electric arc welding, a flow of electricity across the gap from the tip of the welding electrode to the base metal creates the heat needed for melting and joining the metal parts.
	www.welding-rods-lawsuits.com /lawyer/arc_welding.html (586 words)

	Electric arc furnace and steel making equipment manufactured by Tam Çelik
		We hope to hear from you soon on your electric arc furnace or other steel making equipment needs.
		Our skilled technicians can expertly repair and machine your electric arc furnace 's critical components or design and fabricate a new electric arc furnace to your precise specifications.
		We proudly announce that we will be more than glad to quote prices on your electric arc furnace needs, water cooled panels, water cooled ducts and water cooled elbows or any other steel mill equipment such as electro - hydraulic grabs of various capacities.
	www.arcfurnace.com (450 words)

	Arc Blast and Arc Flash Safety (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		We should take a better look at arc flash hazards and the intent of 110.16 before we tackle the actual calculations required to meet the intent of the code.
		Arc Flash Hazard." The information above is not required by code but, if provided, it will help the individuals that must service the equipment evaluate the hazards of working on energized parts and also help ensure the safety of non qualified personnel that work in the area near the equipment.
		NFPA 70E "Standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces 2000 Edition" requires that anytime it has been determined that work will be performed within the flash hazard boundary the employer must make a flash hazard analysis and the Cal/cm2 must be documented.
	www.electrical-experts.com /Arcblast.html (1965 words)

	Electric Energy Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		However, electrical work by nature is dangerous due to the high energy levels involved and the fact that until an accident occurs, electricity is odorless, colorless and essentially invisible.
		Studies indicate that up to 80% of all Electrical Worker injuries are not due to shock (passage of electrical current through the body) but due to external burn injuries created by the intense radiant heat energy of an electrical arc explosion.
		Arc Flash faceshields are required to be tested to ASTM F2178 test method to determine their arc protective rating.
	www.electricenergyonline.com /article.asp?m=5&mag=21&article=157 (1895 words)

	The Electric Arc Furnace
		The electric arc furnace (EAF) (together with the basic oxygen vessel) is one of the two modern ways of making steel.
		The electricity needed for this process is enough to power a town with a population of 100,000.
		A vast range of special quality steels is made in electric arc furnaces by adding other metals to form steel alloys.
	www.nedians.8m.com /eaf.html (3897 words)

	ElectricMuseum.com: Arc Lamps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Carbon arc lamps saw extensive use throughout the USA and the world from the late 1870s on.
		Arc lamps come from almost the exact historical point when electricity went from being a scientific curiosity to being part of everyday life.
		By the turn of the century electric lights were more commonplace, and companies like General Electric were making tens of thousands of arc lamps a year.
	www.electricmuseum.com /exhibits/arclamps/index.shtml (648 words)

	Electrical Arc Tracking
		When the power is turned on, according to a 1984 report from the Naval Research Laboratory, electrical arcs jump from the bare wire to the surfaces of the wet bundles, creating dry spots that char and become additional paths for arcing.
		Electrical arcing from a chafed wire punctured and ignited fluid from a leaking hydraulic line.
		It is possible that the combination of a faulty float switch and damaged wires providing a continuous power supply to the float switch may have caused an electrical arc or overheating of the switch leading to the ignition of the center fuel tank vapor.
	hometown.aol.com /papcecst/Elect.html (15801 words)

	SCE - Electric Arc Furnaces
		Electric arc furnaces (EAFs) produce more than a third of all raw steel output in the U.S. -- and that number is growing.
		An electric arc furnace holds steel scrap in a wide cylindrical arc.
		Electric arc furnaces are available in both Alternating Current (AC) and new Direct Current (DC) models.
	www.sce.com /SC3/_Tips/MediumLargeBusiness/MetalHeatingMelting/ElectricArcFurnaces.htm (212 words)

	eLCOSH : Protection from Electric Shock and Arc Flash
		An electric arc flash can occur if a conductive object gets too close to a high-amp current source or by equipment failure (for instance, while opening or closing disconnects).
		And de-energizing would not be practical during testing of live electric circuits or work on circuits that are part of a continuous process that cannot be completely shut down.
		Electric lockout/tagout procedures should be coordinated with all other site procedures for controlling exposure to electric energy and other types of energy sources.
	www.cdc.gov /elcosh/docs/d0500/d000580/d000580.html (3379 words)

	ARC Electric Company -Electrical Contractor - IBEW -NECA - California
		For more than 75 years, ARC Electric Company has taken pride in serving the electrical needs of our customers.
		By soliciting input from all departments, we are able to pool ideas and come up with new and efficient strategies when gearing up for a new job, regardless of its size and nature.
		From the smallest service call to work at the busy San Francisco International Airport, ARC Electric Company is dedicated to making our customers feel involved in their projects, confident about our work, and most of all - satisfied that they decided to use ARC Electric Company.
	www.arcelectric.com /services.html (349 words)

	ELECTRIC ARC RADIO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This is the home of the Electric Arc Radio Show.
		A collaboration between Creative Electric Studios and the Lit 6 Project.
		The Electric Arc is a serial radio show detailing the lives and times of the members
	www.electricarcradio.com (232 words)

	Electric Arc Exposure Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The intense energy and very short duration of an electric arc flash represents a very unique exposure.
		The standard is designed to protect employees working inside these flash protection boundaries by requiring protective clothing for the corresponding Hazard/Risk Category that has an ATPV of at least the value listed in the “Protective Clothing Characteristics” section of the standard (see table on back).
		The electric arc tests were conducted segregating categories of “Shirting” and “Pant/Coverall” weights to accurately represent the garments that are commercially available.
	www.westexinc.com /electric_arc_exposure_analysis.htm (509 words)

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