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Topic: Electric arc furnace

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	Electric arc furnace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one ton capacity used in foundries for producing cast iron products, up to about 400 ton units used for secondary steelmaking (arc furnaces used in research laboratories and by dentists may have a capacity of only a few dozen grams).
		Arc furnaces were also used to prepare calcium carbide for use in carbide lamps.
		Maintenance of the conductive furnace hearth is a bottleneck in extended operation of a DC arc furnace.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electric_arc_furnace (2210 words)

	Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking
		Refining operations in the electric arc furnace have traditionally involved the removal of phosphorus, sulfur, aluminum, silicon, manganese and carbon from the steel.
		Electrical systems in an EAF meltshop usually consist of a primary system which supplies power from the electrical utility; and the secondary electrical system which steps down the voltage from the utility and supplies the power to the EAF.
		One of the most important elements in the electric circuit and consumable cost in electric furnace steelmaking are the electrodes The electrodes deliver the power to the furnace in the form of an electric arc between the electrode and the furnace charge.
	www.energymanagertraining.com /iron_steel/Electric_arc_furnace_steel.htm (6656 words)

	Steel making with electric arc furnace
		After samples have been taken to check the chemical composition of the steel, the electric arc furnace is tilted to allow the slag, which is floating on the surface of the molten steel, to be poured off.
		The electric arc furnace is then tilted in the other direction and the molten steel poured into a ladle, where it either undergoes secondary steelmaking or is transported to the caster.
		Every tonne of electric arc furnace steel uses about 7.4 GJ of energy compared with about 16.2 GJ for every tonne of BOS steel (7.4 GJ is still equal to the power consumption of a town of 100,000 population).
	www.arcfurnace.com /electric_arc_furnaces.html (329 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A method of processing electric arc furnace dust as a feedstock according to claim 2, wherein the electric arc furnace dust and the portion of the sludge/dust byproduct that is returned to the basic oxygen furnace are formed into one of pellets and briquettes before being fed into the basic oxygen furnace.
		A method of processing electric arc furnace dust as a feedstock according to claim 1, wherein the electric arc furnace dust has a zinc content and the sludge/dust byproduct has a zinc content that is greater than the zinc content of the electric arc furnace dust.
		A method of recovering iron value from electric arc furnace dust according to claim 12, wherein the electric arc furnace dust and the portion of the sludge/dust byproduct that is returned to the basic oxygen furnace are formed into one of pellets and briquettes before being fed into the basic oxygen furnace.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/66910.030814&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4067 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This invention relates to an electric arc furnace and process for the continuous charging and melting of ferrous material and its alloys and for the semicontinuous tapping of molten steel from the furnace.
		Furnace rails 16 should be aligned in a different direction from ladle rails 24a and 24b to permit the furnace body to move in an independent direction from ladle cars 23a and 23b.
		The furnace is titled from side-to-side to allow for the refilling of molten steel from central melting zone 81 into lateral shafts 9a and 9b and subsequent melting and refining in the lateral shafts, and to allow for the semicontinuous tapping of molten steel from each shaft.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/70285.001123&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3656 words)

	The Electric Arc Furnace
		The furnace is then tilted in the other direction and the molten steel poured (tapped) into a ladle, where it either undergoes secondary steelmaking (see relevant information page) or is transported to the caster.
		At the top of the furnace the materials are held until a "charge" usually consisting of some type of metallic (ore, pellets or sinter), coke and flux (limestone) have accumulated.
		The materials are charged into the blast furnace through two stages of conical "bells" (5) which seal in the gases and distribute the raw materials evenly around the circumference of the furnace "throat".
	www.nedians.8m.com /eaf.html (3897 words)

	Steelconstruct - How is steel made : electric arc furnace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The raw material fed into the furnace may be selected but untreated scrap (old machine parts, for example), or may be delivered as sorted, crushed and calibrated scrap with a minimum iron content of 92 percent.
		The smelting process is driven by powerful electric arcs which "jump" between electrodes and the raw material in the furnace.
		The residue, or slag, is recovered from the furnace.
	www.steelconstruct.com /steel/pages_comment_acier/four.htm (181 words)

	The Electric Arc Furnace
		The electric arc furnace (EAF) (together with the basic oxygen refining) is one of the two modern ways of making steel.
		After samples have been taken to check the chemical composition of the steel, the furnace is tilted to allow the slag, which is floating on the surface of the molten steel, to be poured off.
		The furnace is then tilted in the other direction and the molten steel poured (tapped) into a ladle, where it transported to the Argon Oxygen Decarburisation (AOD) steel refining vessel.
	www.goodwinalloys.com /eaf.htm (321 words)

	DC - Electric Arc Furnace
		The single electrode DC furnace is especially suitable for treatment of fine-grained material by charging through the hollow graphite electrode.
		The furnace is supplied with a 5 MVA transformer and an AC-DC thyristor-controlled rectifier.
		The furnace shell is water-cooled as are the roof, the gas outlet and the tap-hole area.
	www.mefos.se /dc-elect.htm (69 words)

	Electric Arc Furnace: Equipment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The largest EAF in the U.S. is capable of providing 370 tons/melt; average for the steel industry is 50-150 tons/melt, with certain specialty and foundry applications being much smaller.
		They increase the effective capacity of the furnace by increasing the speed of the melt and reducing the consumption of electricity and electrode material.
		There are eight DC power EAFs operating in the U.S. and one in Mexico; most have been installed in the last two years, the oldest was installed in 1991.
	www.energysolutionscenter.org /HeatTreat/MetalsAdvisor/iron_and_steel/process_descriptions/raw_metals_preparation/steelmaking/electric_arc_furnace/electric_arc_furnace_process_description.htm (651 words)

	Zinc Recycling - uk -4. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		They are the electric arc furnace (EAF) route, for which the raw material is mainly steel scrap, and the blast furnace - basic oxygen (BF-BOF) steelmaking route, for which the raw material is iron ore, liquid iron and steel scrap.
		An electric arc furnace is a large refractory brick lined vessel in which electrical power is used to strike an arc between an electrode and the scrap steel.
		Therefore, electric furnace steelworks try to raise the concentration of zinc in dust by various technical means.
	www.iza.com /zwo_org/Publications/Zinc-Recycling/Zinc_coated_steel/Zcs-uk/Zcs-uk-4.htm (913 words)

	Electric arc furnace - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one ton capacity used in foundries for producing cast iron products, up to about 400 ton units used for secondary steelmaking.
		Originally, all steelmaking furnaces had a tapping spout closed with refractory that washed out when the furnace was tilted, but often modern furnaces have a bottom tap-hole on the spout to reduce inclusion of nitrogen in the liquid steel.
		The falling scrap often raises a large amount of dust (mostly loose steel particles) during charging; if the furnace is hot, this dust is ignited and the resulting fireball erupts out of the top of the furnace.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Electric_arc_furnace (2085 words)

	Hammers Industries Acquires Heroult Electric Arc Furnace
		The first direct arc electric arc steelmaking furnace was built by Paul Heroult, its inventor, in 1906.
		In 1986 the Heroult Electric Arc Furnace business was transferred to USX Engineers and Consultants, Inc. (UEC), a subsidiary of USX located at 600 Grant Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
		Electrical specifications for a particular installation may result in appreciable deviation from the dimensions shown.
	www.hammersindustries.com /Heroult/Heroult.html (353 words)

	The sequence of making steel in an electric arc furnace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The sequence of operations is similar to that in the BOS furnace, except that, after charging, the charge must be melted down.The furnace charge melts when an electric arc passes between the electrodes and the scrap metal.
		Melting the metal and scrap using electric arcs from the graphite electrodes.
		The EAF could also develop in the near future as a means of processing directly reduced iron (DRI).
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/4/chemistry/steel/msch6pg2.html (345 words)

	Electric Arc Furnace energy consumption
		To calculate the electrical energy requirement of arc furnaces, a statistical model has been developed which takes account of the main variables influencing the arc furnace process.
		With the aid of the model it is possible to analyse the electrical energy consumption of a furnace and evaluate it in comparison with other furnaces, and thereby expose weaknesses in the method of furnace operation with regard to energy utilisation and assess the effectiveness of measures implemented to reduce the energy consumption, e.g.
		Evaluation example: Development of monthly average values of the electrical energy consumption due to different measures for improvement of the operating practice of an AC furnace.
	www.bfi.de /en/fields_of_activity/process_automation_steelmaking/electric_arc_furnace_energy_consumption.htm (176 words)

	Electric Arc Furnace Dust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Steel production by electric-arc furnace (EAF) technology has been increasing in importance over the past 20 years at the expense of traditional open hearth and basic oxygen converter technology, reaching an estimated 33.4% world share in 1999.
		The EAF dust forms as a result of volatile metals, like zinc and lead, passing into the vapour phase at the operating temperature of the furnace and being oxidized and cooled in the extractive air flow.
		Overall, EAF dusts contain major elements of the type iron, zinc, calcium and silicon (these last two from the degradation of the refractories) in the form of simple or mixed oxides, and minor elements like copper, manganese, chromium, cadmium and lead present in the scrap iron raw material or introduced as additives.
	www.recupac.com /eaf_dust.htm (275 words)

	New ARC Furnace Ahead of Schedule
		A new electric arc furnace that is the cornerstone of Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel's bankruptcy reorganization plan is ahead of schedule in its ramp-up toward full production capacity.
		Although many companies use such furnaces, Wheeling-Pitt is the first in North America to integrate both an electric arc furnace and a blast furnace in steel-making operations.
		Posted 1/24/2005 05:00 PM A new electric arc furnace that is the cornerstone of Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel's bankruptcy reorganization plan is ahead of schedule in its ramp-up toward full production capacity.
	www.wtrf.com /story.cfm?func=viewstory&storyid=197 (373 words)

	steeluniversity.org \| Electric Arc Furnace \| EAF Introduction
		In the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), recycled steel scrap is melted and converted into high quality steel by using high-power electric arcs.
		The main task of most modern EAFs is to convert the solid raw materials to liquid crude steel as fast as possible and then refine further in subsequent secondary steelmaking processes.
		Using recycled materials, the EAF process route is suitable for the production of both low-alloy and high-alloy steels, resulting in a wide range of final products, from motor engines and large steel tools to stainless steel cutlery and medical equipment.
	www.steeluniversity.org /content/html/eng/default.asp?catid=25&pageid=2081271928 (414 words)

	AC - Electric Arc Furnace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The 12 tonne AC furnace is suitable for conventional scrap melting, but more complicated processes are also being investigated to take advantage of its more flexible infrastructure.
		The furnace is supplied by a transformer serving both the AC and the DC furnace.
		Continuous analysis of hot furnace off-gases is a normal procedure enabling constant dynamic heat and mass balances during melting and/or reduction/oxidation periods.
	www.mefos.se /ac_elect.htm (117 words)

	The chemistry of steelmaking in an electric arc furnace - the furnace
		The chemistry of steelmaking in an electric arc furnace - the furnace
		The three graphite electrodes that heat the furnace pass through this lid, which can be swung back when the furnace is being charged.
		The hearth of the EAF, where the metal is melted, is lined with a chemically basic and refractory material.
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/4/chemistry/steel/msch6pg1.html (223 words)

	Electric Arc Furnace
		The top of the Furnace swivels to the side to allow the charge to be entered.
		The top of the Furnace is then put back in place and the Electrodes are lowered close to the surface of the metal, and the electric current is allowed to pass through.
		The molten Steel is then poured out of the Furnace by tilting the Furnace in the opposite direction to that for Slagging.
	www.postech.ac.kr /mse/cml/Eng/eaf-process.htm (171 words)

	Enhancement of Electric Arc Furnace Dust by Recycling to Electric Arc Furnace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Electric arc furnace (EAF) dust is a hazardous waste product of the steelmaking industry with a high concentration of heavy metals, especially Zn and Pb.
		In this research we present an industrial-scale process to enhance EAF dust by recycling it to the same furnace in which it was generated.
		Results corresponding to trials in the EAF are also shown.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?0205441 (226 words)

	Electric arc furnace and steel making equipment manufactured by Tam Çelik
		Please take your time to observe our product line of electric arc furnace equipment where our product line includes but is not limited to the following.
		Our skilled technicians can expertly repair and machine your electric arc furnace 's critical components or design and fabricate a new electric arc furnace to your precise specifications.
		We proudly announce that we will be more than glad to quote prices on your electric arc furnace needs, water cooled panels, water cooled ducts and water cooled elbows or any other steel mill equipment such as electro - hydraulic grabs of various capacities.
	www.arcfurnace.com (450 words)

	Products - Arc Furnace Melting
		Electric arc furnaces are extremely flexible in that they are capable of melting almost any form of metallic scrap including grindings, turnings and other low grade scrap.
		Our 20,000 pound arc furnace has fast shell change capability with a total of seven complete furnace shells.
		Electric arc furnace products can be poured into rough shot, 15 pound pigs, or customized ingot sizes.
	www.greenvillemetals.com /prod_arc.htm (143 words)

	INJECTION SYSTEM for coke breeze in electric arc furnace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		EAF is initially charged with scrap/DRI with Flux and melted.
		Due to burning of coke breeze in the presence of oxygen, CO and CO is generated which in turn results in the formation of a foam (spongy slag).
		The process has been developed at a commercial scale with the design, fabrication, installation and operation of the injection system in the EAF at Alloy Steel Plant (50 tonnes) at Durgapur and Visvesvaraya Steel Plant (20 tonnes), Bhadravati, Karnataka.
	www.nrdcindia.com /pages/cokebreeze-inelectricarcfurnace.htm (384 words)

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