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Topic: Electric shock therapy

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	Electroconvulsive therapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electroconvulsive therapy, also known as electroshock or ECT, is a very controversial type of psychiatric shock therapy involving the induction of an artificial seizure in a patient by passing electricity through the brain.
		The patients were rendered instantly unconscious by the electrical current but the strength of the muscle contractions from the electricity and the subsequent fit at times led to complications such as compression fractures of the spine or damage to the teeth.
		Electrical current flows between two electrodes placed on the scalp, usually from temple to temple in the past, though these days ECT is more commonly applied to the non dominant hemisphere of the brain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy (3749 words)

	Electric shock for snakebite
		Electric shock on top of it will be unbearably painful and could cause shock of the other kind and unconsciousness.
		As he had read about the electric shock treatment in one of the outdoor magazines, he had decided with a neighbor that he would use the treatment the next time he was bitten.
		Electric shocks are ineffective in treatment of lethal effects of rattlesnake envenomation in mice.
	www.herper.com /venom/electro.html (782 words)

	Electric shock therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Balloon electric shock ablation in the basilar portion of the ventricle was...
		Electric shock injuries are caused by lightning or electric current from a...
		Electric shock therapy is a mental treatment for those who are at risk of further deterioration, such as severely depressed people who stop eating and...
	www.englishsavvy.com /electric-shock-therapy.html (1039 words)

	electric shock on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		However, the effect of electric shock on the body depends not only on the strength of the current, but on such factors as wetness of the skin, area of contact, duration of contact, constitution of the victim, and whether or not the victim is well grounded.
		A lethal dose of electricity may paralyze the respiratory organs and damage the central nervous system; the immediate cause of death, however, is usually an interruption of heart action.
		Electroconvulsive therapy is the use of electric shock to treat certain mental illnesses.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/e1/elect-shk.asp (606 words)

	A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Electroshock therapy introduced
		Electric eels and fish were used by people in ancient times to treat headaches and mental illness.
		Bini realized that if they put the electrodes on either side of the head, a shock was induced but the heart was not damaged because it was out of the electric field.
		In the late 1930s and 1940s, electroconvulsive therapy took off, its popularity caused by the same factors that led to the acceptance of lobotomy.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dh38el.html (414 words)

	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY ARTICLE
		By 1928, 10 years before the introduction of electroconvulsive therapy, it was known that accidental death by cardiac arrest could result from as little as 70 to 80 milliamperes in the human (2).
		Gralnick A: Fatalities associated with electric shock treatment of psychoses: report of two cases with autopsy observations in one of them.
		Taylor RC: The complications of electric shock therapy with a case study.
	www.idiom.com /~drjohn/amjpsych.html (2985 words)

	history of electric shock therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		therapy, ect, est, electroshock therapy Ð does shock therapy cause memory loss and brain damage or is it a...
		History of Shock Treatment by Leonard Frank Electric shock treatment - electroshock therapy - ECT - electroconvulsive shock therapy - call it what you will - this is the definitive history of the...
		ECT, Shock Therapy or Shock Treatment is often prescribed for a whole range...
	electric-shocks.resourcesandinfo.com /history-of-electric-shock-therapy.html (281 words)

	Psychiatry's Electroconvulsive Shock Treatment (ECT): A Crime Against Humanity
		ECT consists of electricity being passed through the brain with a force of from 70 to 400 volts and an amperage of from 200 milliamperes to 1.6 amperes (1600 milliamperes).
		The electric shock is administered for as little as a fraction of a second to as long as several seconds.
		The shocks are then continued for a few weeks (sometimes several times a day) to make the procedure 'take,' that is, to damage the brain sufficiently so that the individual will not remember, at least for several months, the problems that led to his being shocked in the first place.
	www.antipsychiatry.org /ect.htm (4287 words)

	ECT Neurological Perspective
		Ugo Cerletti (3) demonstrated that electricity in the range of 100 volts and 200 milliamperes is rarely fatal when the current path is confined to the head.
		a brief discussion of the lesions produced in animals by electrically induced convulsions is worthwhile.
		Pathologists were especially interested in cases that discriminated between the direct effect of electricity and the mechanical and hypoxia effects secondary to convulsive motor activity.
	www.oikos.org /ectfried.htm (2974 words)

	Brattleboro Reformer shock article
		The theory, he said, is that the seizure helps to restore the natural electrical rhythm of the brian, much as a defibrillator restores heart rhythm.
		Shock treatment, introduced in the United States in the 1940s, resulted in the release from institutions of hundreds of thousands of patients previously thought untreatable, he said, but controversy over its invasive nature almost eliminated the practice in ensuing decades.
		More recent research shows the most effective treatment to be a high dosage of electricity (three or four times the threshold for inducing seizure in the patient) on one side of the brain only.
	www.stopshrinks.org /reading_room/re_shock/brattleboro.html (1050 words)

	Electric shock therapy for the sad Mrs Merton : Epilepsy.com
		Electric shock therapy for the sad Mrs Merton : Epilepsy.com
		Electro-convulsive therapy - endured by Jack Nicholson in the 1975 movie One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest - is delivered under anaesthetic and involves a small electrical current being passed though the brain.
		Doctors then deliver a small electrical current for one second or less while the patient breathes pure oxygen through a mask.The aim is to produce a seizure lasting from around 30 seconds to a minute so that when the patient wakes around ten to 15 minutes later their brain activity has returned to normal.
	www.epilepsy.com /newsfeed/pr_1111588209.html (756 words)

	[No title]
		The next three uses of electric shock therapy are new to the world of medicine and are still being carefully monitored by the FDA.
		Electricity is being used to correct these signals — this procedure involves a wire being implanted near the nerves in the spine and this wire generates low-voltage electric current.
		The final treatment with electricity is for those patients who have problems keeping their bladder under control and relieve urinary incontinence.
	www.jmu.edu /healthctr/articles/4_3/est.doc (795 words)

	BBC News \| Health \| Electric shock therapy 'not up to scratch'
		Electric shock treatment for mental health disorders is often administered by poorly trained junior doctors, it has been claimed.
		A report into the use of Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) found that the doctors are also often left unsupervised, and have to rely on out of date equipment.
		The electric current can provoke a fit or spasm, but also appears to have a beneficial impact on mental illnesses such as depression.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/295597.stm (579 words)

	Electric Shock Therapy Still Used, Still Effective
		But electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still being used -- more in Europe than the United States -- and it may be the most effective short-term treatment for some patients with depressive symptoms, a newly published review in the journal The Lancet suggests.
		They also reviewed trials comparing so-called unilateral treatment, in which shock therapy is given on just one side of the brain, to that in which both sides of the brain were treated.
		The patient most likely to benefit from electroconvulsive therapy is one who is severely depressed, has not responded to drugs, and is suicidal, says well-known psychiatrist and ECT advocate E. Fuller Torrey, MD. Simply changing this patient's medication may not be enough if the patient is an immediate danger to himself.
	my.webmd.com /content/article/61/71458.htm (529 words)

	Shock Therapy -- Shock Treatment it's not good for the brain
		The pamphlet which was supplied to the public from six State operated shock facilities, the Guardianship and Administration Board, the Office of the Public Advocate and elsewhere, contained false and misleading information which served to recklessly misguide the most vunerable members of the community, and their family and friends.
		SHOCK treatment may have contributed to the sudden death of a psychiatric patient at Graylands Hospital.
		ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy), sometimes called shock therapy or electroshock treatment is often prescribed by psychiatrists for use on psychiatric patients.
	www.banshock.org (1635 words)

	A FEW THOUGHTS ON ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY
		Electroconvulsive shock is the "auto da fe" of such psychiatric "treatments." It is no less harmful in 1996 than it was when Cerletti and Bini invented it in Rome in 1938.
		Electricity follows the shortest course (fronto-temporal lobes and diencephalon including the thalamus) and the least resistant course (blood vessels, not insulated axons).
		The electricity is applied for about a second, inducing a seizure that lasts 20-30 seconds.
	www.idiom.com /~drjohn/ect.html (2935 words)

	UF researchers show magnetic stimulation may be a safe alternative to shock therapy
		GAINESVILLE---An experimental therapy that uses magnetic stimulation to treat severe depression could prove to be a viable option for patients who otherwise would resort to electric shock therapy, University of Florida researchers report.
		During electroconvulsive therapy, patients are placed under general anesthesia and their brains are stimulated with electrical current to produce seizures.
		The coil produces a weaker current than electroconvulsive therapy, and it can be focused specifically on the brain's left frontal lobe, where some researchers believe the abnormalities associated with depression originate.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-10/UoF-Ursm-121099.php (605 words)

	[No title]
		The treatment, known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), uses electric shocks to cause a seizure in patients under anesthesia.
		However, some doctors say that ECT is not an effective therapy and may even cause brain damage, and the technique may have a negative connotation due to media portrayals based on "old-fashioned practices." Yet according to researchers, the treatment does work and the side effects are manageable.
		Electroconvulsive therapy, while it may be effective, is nearly as brutal and ideally should be avoided.
	www.mercola.com /2003/mar/22/shock_therapy.htm (809 words)

	Pediatric ECT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		ECT's efficacy and safety were impressive, and the participants concluded that it was reasonable to consider this therapy in adolescents in instances where condition of the adolescent meets criteria for ECT in the adult.
		The child was treated by psychotherapy and family therapy for more than a year, after which she was discharged back to her family.
		The effect of electric shock on children having schizophrenic manifestations.
	www.mhsource.com /exclusive/pedect.html (1253 words)

	Re: Whether electric shock therapy can create new memories
		So you pose the question, "can EST actually cause the formation of new memories?" I think the answer is that EST definitely causes long-term changes in the brain, perhaps similar to the processes that occur when memories are formed.
		I also don't think EST could cause a person to have a specific memory - I don't think you could specifically shock someone into thinking that they had soup for dinner, or that they were raised in Turkey, or something like that.
		In EST, large portions of the brain are being stimulated, such that massive groups of neurons are being excited at the same time - this sort of stimulation lacks the neuronal specificity that is likely for specific memory formation; but random memories seem theoretically possible.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/apr2002/1017872547.Ns.r.html (1293 words)

	Electric Utility Reform: Shock Therapy or Managed Competition?
		Moreover, if this economic diagnosis of the electricity industry were correct, one should expect to find evidence of natural monopoly—that is, evidence that a single competitor achieved economies of scale sufficient to drive out competitors and capture the market—in the hazy mists of history prior to utility regulation.
		And while it is all to the good that municipal-owned utilities and electricity co-ops are prohibited from taking competitive advantage of access to federally subsidized power outside of their existing service territories, the bill fails to go far enough to ensure a level economic playing field.
		Indeed, one could argue that the pressure for electricity deregulation does not ride on the political coattails of the general global march toward less government, but instead is the logical consequence of the ongoing market demolition of regulated power.
	www.cato.org /pubs/regulation/reg19n3f.html (8281 words)

	Healing From Depression, overcoming anxiety,self-help books, mental illness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		By far the most controversial modality in the treatment of depression is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), also known as electric shock therapy.
		Electroconvulsive therapy is a treatment for severe mental illness in which the brain is stimulated with a strong electrical current which induces a seizure, similar to those of epilepsy.
		After the muscle relaxant has taken effect, the brain is stimulated with an electrical pulse lasting from a quarter of a second to two seconds.
	www.healingfromdepression.com /help5.htm (1276 words)

	Medical News: Electric shock therapy benefits sever sufferers of mental illness - CureResearch.com
		Electric shock therapy benefits sever sufferers of mental illness
		Medical News Summary (summary of medical news story as reported by News Target Network): ECT is still used as an electric shock therapy for severe mental illnesses such as major depression.
		Next: Chapter 8262: Medical News: Electrical device may be approved for severe depression treatment.
	www.cureresearch.com /news/electric_shock_therapy_benefits_sever_sufferers_of_mental_illness.htm (352 words)

	Observer Online \| View from the Edge \| Electric Shock Therapy
		I got shocked enough times as a child that now I provide electricity a huge amount of respect.
		I was one of those children, call us curious, who would always do that which we were not supposed to do immediately after we had been warned not to do it.
		As long as you stay away from the electrical outlets and circuit breaker, there’s very little chance that you will kill yourself removing wallpaper and painting.
	archive.observernews.com /stories/archives/viewpoints/2000view/072100/edge072100.shtml (631 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| 'Group therapy: I still howl at the memory'
		I was given a leaflet and a folder and introduced to Group Therapy.
		Group Therapy was corpses feeding on corpses, and it stank.
		I begged for electric shock therapy, but it was vetoed.
	www.guardian.co.uk /g2/story/0,3604,1255459,00.html (1526 words)

	Scientology --- The Lancet: "Electric shock therapy ' better than drugs" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		ELECTRIC convulsive therapy, immortalised in the film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, could be better for treating patients with depression than using drugs.
		A report published yesterday in The Lancet concluded that there was sound evidence to support the use of electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) in the treatment of short-term depressive illness.
		Researchers took special note of the decrease in depressive symptoms after therapy, symptom status after a six-month follow-up, the effect of therapy on the brain, and the results of ECT on mortality.
	holysmoke.org /cos/ect-most-effective.htm (610 words)

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