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Topic: Electrical efficiency

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	Electrical efficiency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The efficiency of an entity (a device, component, or system) in electronics and electrical engineering is defined as useful power output divided by the total electrical power consumed (a fractional expression).
		Efficiency should not be confused with effectiveness: a system that wastes most of its input power but produces exactly what it is meant to is effective but not efficient.
		Electric kettle: over 90% (comparatively little heat energy is lost during the 2 to 3 minutes a kettle takes to boil water).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electrical_efficiency (353 words)

	Efficiency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Efficiency is the capability of acting or producing effectively with a minimum amount or quantity of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort.
		A slightly broader model of efficiency that nevertheless remains consistent with the "percentage" definition in many cases is to say that efficiency corresponds to the ratio r=P/C of the amount P of some valuable resource produced, per amount C of valuable resources consumed.
		For example, in the analysis of the energy efficiency of heat engines in thermodynamics, the product P may be the amount of useful work output, while the consumable C is the amount of high-temperature heat input.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Efficiency (489 words)

	Copper and electricity. Electrical efficiency. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although electricity is very convenient we aren't always conscious of the waste associated with its use.
		Efficiency can be thought of as the third fuel – an alternative to alternative energy sources.
		Electrical engineers have to consider energy efficiency when they are designing new systems.
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/5/physics/copper/copelech1pg1.html (1031 words)

	[No title]
		Electrical output voltage is measured directly from the output terminals and can be input to the data acquisition device directly or through a voltage divider.
		The electrical efficiency curve based on all the points in the performed experiment peaks at 620 Watts and forty five percent electrical efficiency (Figure 4).
		Fuel cell power system electrical efficiency calculation part of the project figured throughout the project, but no events are specific to this part of the overall project.
	www.zuyev.com (3153 words)

	Industry - Manufacturers and Suppliers - Safety of Electrical Equipment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although electrical equipment which is not of a prescribed class does not require approval, the supplier is responsible for ensuring that it meets relevant minimum safety standards.
		Electricity Safety Act 1998 provides for the safety of electricity supply and use and the efficiency of electrical equipment.
		Electricity Safety (Management) Regulations provide the standards with which electricity safety management schemes and electricity safety managers must comply and the procedures for recommendation for acceptance.
	www.ocei.vic.gov.au /industry/soeequipment_ind.html (756 words)

	Thermodynamic Power Cycles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The fuel-to-electrical efficiency encompasses both the prime mover and the electrical generator (including whatever gearing is necessary between the prime mover and the generator).
		For a 100% fuel-to-electrical efficiency, this number is 3413, but the second law of thermodynamics limitations and irreversibilities in the cycle increase this number to roughly 10,000 or higher.
		Electrical plants, whose sole purpose is the generation of electricity, use condensing turbines.
	www.me.gatech.edu /energy/brett/four.htm (1990 words)

	Defra, UK - Environmental Protection - Consultations
		Electricity is measured at the terminals, not counting electrical parasitic loads (paras 2.23 to 2.24).
		In the CCGT example, electrical efficiency does change with increasing heat recovery and this must be taken account of using the Z ratio (see Annex A).
		Annual average electrical efficiency for the scheme is 25% (378,994/1,515,975) and annual average heat utilisation efficiency is 26% (394,154/1,515,975).
	www.defra.gov.uk /Environment/consult/chp/response/07.htm (3634 words)

	Energy efficiency of electrical or hydrocarbon-fuelled appliances, Regulation respecting the
		The energy efficiency specifications set out in Schedule 1 apply to the appliances to which they correspond and that are manufactured from the effective date indicated in respect of those specifications.
		Electrically operated household refrigerators and combination refrigerator-freezers with a capacity of 200 to 1100 litres inclusively and electrically operated household freezers with a capacity of 100 to 850 litres inclusively, other than absorption refrigerators and refrigerators and freezers equipped with an adaptive defrost cycle.
		Electrically operated refrigerators and combination refrigerator-freezers with a capacity of 1100 litres or less and electrically operated freezers with a capacity of 850 litres or less, other than absorption refrigerators.
	www.canlii.org /qc/laws/regu/e-1.2r.1/20050513/whole.html (1636 words)

	BIG Campus Electrical Efficiency
		This paper discusses electrical efficiency project options which are most appropriate for collaboration between students, staff, and faculty.
		Electrical consumption reduction resulted in a financial payback on net cost of project in approximately 1.3 years.
		Ironically, much of this electricity is wasted; research shows that most of the time personal computers are on, they are not actively in use -- and 30-40 percent are left running at night and on weekends.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Brown_Is_Green/reports/bigee.html (1990 words)

	Journal of Electronic Materials: Electrical-efficiency analysis of GaN-based light-emitting diodes with ...
		The electrical efficiency is analyzed by calculating the electric field under the quasi-coplanar electrodes of GaN-based LEDs.
		The electrical efficiency of a LED with a chip size of 1,000 x 1,000 [mu]m^sup 2^ can be also enhanced by increasing the number of interdigitated fingers, showing the advantages of GaN LED with interdigitated-mesa geometries.
		The maximum electric field under the coplanar electrodes occurs at the edge of the electrodes.1 This leads to a significant current crowding under the p-type electrodes near the n-type electrodes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3776/is_200305/ai_n9178682 (1366 words)

	ipedia.com: Electrical efficiency Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The efficiency of an entity in electronics and electrical engineering is defined as useful power output divided by the total electrical power consumed.
		(In practice it is nearly 100% efficient at heating a room because the light energy will also be converted to heat eventually).
		And in general, since power is seldom free, every inefficiency in effect gets its costs (either paid to the power company or the cost of the required power supply) weighed against the cost of attaining greater efficiency (choosing different components or redesigning the system).
	www.ipedia.com /electrical_efficiency.html (308 words)

	Electrical Outlet Efficiency Test
		The Electrical Outlet Efficiency Test (EOET) is a comprehensive set of tests performed on each accessible 120 volt outlet in the structure.
		Electrical miswirings are a major cause of building fires and personal injury.
		These electrical fires caused an estimated average of 910 deaths, nearly 7,000 injuries and nearly $1.7 billion in property damage each year.
	www.rpchi.com /eoet.html (701 words)

	EDN Access -- 01.06.94 Techniques illuminate backlit LCDs with high efficiency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The lamp's current and temperature are clearly critical to emission, although high electrical efficiency may not necessarily correspond to the highest optical efficiency.
		It is possible, for example, to construct a CCFL circuit with 94% electrical efficiency that produces less light than an approach with 80% electrical efficiency.
		The efficiency improvement is primarily due to the transistor's higher gain and lower saturation voltage.
	www.edn.com /archives/1994/010694/01df1.htm (1450 words)

	FSEC - Measured Electricity Savings of Refrigerator Replacement: Case Study and Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Maximum daily electrical demand tended to occur from 7 to 8 PM with a demand of 295 W. This represents an hourly load variation over the course of the day of 49%.
		Since average daily electricity use was 2.0 kWh with 42 average door openings, this indicates that refrigerator door openings were responsible for approximately 19% of the overall consumption in the newer unit.
		Side-by-side units were least efficient, likely due to their greater door seal area and the proximity of the freezer floor to the hot motor compartment containing the compressor and condenser.
	www.fsec.ucf.edu /bldg/pubs/refrig (4871 words)

	Electrical Testing
		The integration of multiple electrical safety compliance tests into a single test system has proven to be more accurate, more efficient, and safer than individual testers for many manufacturers.
		In addition to electrical safety tests, many products must undergo functional run testing to verify that they are in proper working condition and meet published specifications.
		The integration of multifunction electrical safety testers has provided the medical industry with a quick and efficient means to quickly perform multistep tests.
	www.ce-mag.com /archive/03/ARG/davis.html (2094 words)

	Applications: Electrical - Energy Efficiency
		This article describes the several loss categories in motors, how premium efficiency motors reduce these losses, and shows several tables with purchase and operating cost comparisons, as well as paybacks available when selecting premium efficiency motors as replacements for, or in place of standard models.
		These pages are provided to help you calculate the best, most efficient designations for wiring, motors and transformers.
		How copper can be used to maximize electrical energy efficiency, and an assessment of copper’s position in communications wire and cable.
	www.copper.org /applications/electrical/energy/homepage.html (1002 words)

	"No Standards Yet for "Small Motor" Efficiency" from Electrical Apparatus Magazine, October 2004
		In both Europe and North America, full-load efficiencies of general-purpose three-phase induction motors rated from one to 500 hp (depending upon speed) are governed by industry standards, governmental regulations, or both.
		When efficiency is measured as the ratio of directly measured input and output powers, tolerances in those two measurements can produce large variation in the result.
		Defining efficiency as the ratio of measured output to the sum of output plus segregated losses tends to be significantly more accurate for larger motors.
	www.barks.com /2004/04-10feat.html (365 words)

	Electrical energy efficiency: some points to ponder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Energy conservation in electrical systems sometime could be very tricky leading to problems and net loss if implementation of conservation measures are not carried out after suitable study of the existing system.
		One of the options of improving the operating efficiencies of such motor drives are replacing these over sized motors with adequately sized motors, which essentially has a higher efficiency then the former.
		Since the electrical wave generated by a variable speed drive is slightly irregular, a motor will heat up more when used with a variable speed drive than when run off the standard power line.
	www.teriin.org /division/eetdiv/ie/docs/ft02.htm (1557 words)

	Electrical Efficiency Modeling for Data Centers from American Power Conversion White Papers at ZDNet UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Electrical Efficiency Modeling for Data Centers from American Power Conversion White Papers at ZDNet UK Don't miss:
		The conventional models used to estimate electrical efficiency of data centers are grossly inaccurate for real-world installations.
		Estimates of electrical losses typically are made by summing the inefficiencies of the various electrical devices, such as power and cooling equipment.
	whitepapers.zdnet.co.uk /0,39025945,60137978p-39000428q,00.htm (120 words)

	Electrical: Energy Efficiency - Kodak Focuses on NEMA Premium Motors
		Operating with a nominal efficiency of 94.9% for 6,000 hours per year at 75% load, the motor uses 176,889 kWh of power annually which, at $0.075/kWh (the national average), comes to $13,267.
		In fact, sometimes efficiency drops by between one-half and two percentage points when a motor is rebuilt.
		Nominal full-load efficiencies of NEMA Premium-rated motors are between one and two percentage points higher than those of EPAct motors, and the NEMA Premium designation applies to more horsepower sizes than EPAct.
	copper.org /applications/electrical/energy/casestudy/Kodak_A6092.html (2630 words)

	Renewingindia.org: Electrical Energy Efficiency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One of the options of improving the operating efficiencies of such motor drives are replacing these over sized motors with adequately sized motors, which essentially has a higher efficiency than the former.
		Most of the rewinded motors used in industries generally tend to have lower operating efficiency, substantial energy savings can be obtained by replacing these rewinded motors with new ones.
		Relamping, incandescent or mercury vapor lamps with more energy efficient HID lamps such as metal halide, high pressure sodium, or low pressure sodium lamps can be effective way in reducing electrical energy of lighting system.
	www.renewingindia.org /eefelec.html (1004 words)

	Efficiency Vermont
		Find quick information about lowering your costs with energy efficiency in your new building designs or in the building you already have.
		Get tips on lowering your energy bills, figure out why your electric bills are high, get rebates, coupons, learn the facts about the best energy-efficient products, find Vermont's top energy-efficient homebuilders.
		Your energy efficiency investments will pay off now and in the future, by reducing your energy costs, strengthening our economy and protecting our environment.
	www.efficiencyvermont.com (161 words)

	Electrical Motor Efficiency
		efficiency is the ratio between the shaft output power - and the electrical input power.
		Electrical Motor Efficiency when Shaft Output is measured in Watt
		The electrical power lost in the primary rotor and secondary stator winding resistance are also called the copper losses.
	www.engineeringtoolbox.com /electrical-motor-efficiency-d_655.html (380 words)

	Location of cognitive functions and cortical electrical efficiency
		It seems odd to me that even when I discussed the orientation at a conference on personality type there seemed to be quite a bit of disbelief that the functions could be located in specific quadrants of the brain.
		Functional efficiency is one factor and the speed of their RAS determines E or I so that determines how they use their functions.
		If you had an individual without a dominant (efficient) quadrant and that quadrant consumed 100% less glucose and oxygen (energy) as the other three quadrants what is the actual amount of energy consumed?
	www.timeenoughforlove.org /Location.htm (780 words)

	Efficiency of inductive accelerators
		A parametric study of the solutions to the equations was performed in order to determine the conditions that yield high coupling efficiency.
		We conclude that inductive recapture will be required in order to achieve the high efficiency required of an electric thruster.
		The efficiency scales favourably with increasing power, although this does not preclude operation at lower power with acceptable efficiency.
	stacks.iop.org /0022-3727/38/4168 (349 words)

	Improving Electrical Energy Efficiency in E&P Operations Workshop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Improving Electrical Energy Efficiency in E&P Operations Workshop which was held June 22, 2004, at the Best Western Ramkota Hotel in Bismarck, North Dakota, focused on making greater use of energy-efficient equipment, optimizing systems and operating procedures, and adopting new technologies and processes that reduce energy consumption.
		The workshop provided a forum on recent technical advances and techniques for improving overall energy and efficiency in oil and gas exploration and production operations.
		Through presentations and discussion of recent industry advancements, the workshop covered the decision-making, planning, and implementation of technologies that reduce operational costs through the reduction of electrical energy demand.
	www.eerc.und.nodak.edu /aboutus/pastevents/workshops/ep (238 words)

	PUC program plan encourages electrical efficiency efforts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Barber was one of 19 retailers honored recently for participating in the program, which is supported by independent retail food distributor Associated Grocers of Maine.
		As a result, 19 Associated Grocers members installed energy-efficient electric equipment, received a combined total of $80,000 in cash incentives and saved 758,735 kilowatt-hours of electricity.
		After operating for three months with the energy-efficient equipment in place, owner Barry McCormick said he's at least $500 less per month on his electric bill, and seen a 30 percent reduction in maintenance costs.
	morningsentinel.mainetoday.com /news/local/1770304.shtml (359 words)

	Magnetic Energy Technology electrical efficiency Power to Weight Performance ThinGap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Increased power and reduced weight both contribute to a higher power density, which allows for the use of a lighter and smaller motor.
		The elimination of eddy current and hysteresis losses increases efficiency and shaft power.
		Hysteresis and eddy current losses lower a motor’s efficiency and output power.
	www.thingap.com /advantage.htm (641 words)

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