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Topic: Electric potential

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	Electric potential energy
		The zero of electric potential (voltage) is set for convenience, but there is usually some physical or geometric logic to the choice of the zero point.
		For practical electrical circuits, the earth or ground potential is usually taken to be zero and everything is referenced to the earth.
		The general expression for the electric potential as a result of a point charge Q can be obtained by referencing to a zero of potential at infinity.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/electric/elepe.html (338 words)

	Electric potential Summary
		Electric potential is a scalar quantity and can result from the introduction of a particle into an electric field produced by a source of potential difference such as a battery, or by another nearby charged particle.
		The electric potential at a distance r from an isolated point charge Q, or from the center of a equipotential sphere, is directly proportional to the charge and inversely proportional to the distance r.
		Electric potential is the potential energy per unit of charge associated with a static (time-invariant) electric field, also called the electrostatic potential, typically measured in volts.
	www.bookrags.com /Electric_potential (1588 words)

	Electric potential sensor, and image forming apparatus Number:7,212,007 from the United States Patent and Trademark ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		An electric potential sensor according to claim 2, wherein the electric potential sensor is constructed to approximately equalize a driving frequency of the electric potential with a mechanical resonance frequency of the shutter.
		As a sensor for measuring a surface electric potential of an object to be measured (a measurement object), a variable capacitive coupling electric potential sensor of a mechanical type is known.
		An electrical charge Q is induced in the detecting electrode 1021 in accordance with V and C. Current flowing between the detecting electrode 1021 and the ground is detected by an ampere meter 1060.
	www.linkgrinder.com /Patents/Electric_potent_7212007.html (5946 words)

	Basin Electric Power Cooperative
		Awards Commitment to Community Electric Technologies Our Communities The Story Behind the Switch Touchstone Energy Cooperatives
		Basin Electric and three potential partners are interested in constructing a coal-based power plant in the Eastern Interconnection.
		Their representatives have been charged with weighing options for ownership, construction and configuration of the plant.
	www.basinelectric.com (97 words)

	Electric Potential
		If gravitational potential is a means of rating various locations within an electric field in terms of the amount of potential energy per unit of mass, then the concept of electric potential must have a similar meaning.
		Thus, the electric potential energy is dependent upon the amount of charge on the object experiencing the field and upon the location within the field.
		The concept of electric potential is used to express the effect of an electric field of a source in terms of the location within the electric field.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/phys/Class/circuits/u9l1b.html (1599 words)

	Electric Potential Difference
		Electric potential is a location dependent quantity which expresses the amount of potential energy per unit of charge at a specified location.
		Electric circuits, as we shall see, are all about the movement of charge between varying locations and the corresponding loss and gain of energy which accompanies this movement.
		In a battery-powered electric circuit, the battery serves the role of the charge pump to supply energy to the charge to lift it from the low potential position through the battery to the high potential position.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/Phys/Class/circuits/u9l1c.html (2166 words)

	Electric energy and potential
		A charge in a uniform electric field E has an electric potential energy which is given by qEd, where d is the distance moved along (or opposite to) the direction of the field.
		Electric potential is a measure of the potential energy per unit charge.
		If you know the potential at a point, and you then place a charge at that point, the potential energy associated with that charge in that potential is simply the charge multiplied by the potential.
	physics.bu.edu /~duffy/PY106/Potential.html (1010 words)

	Electric Potential
		The potential at that point is +1800 V. Determine values of q and R. Calculate the radius of a spherical capacitor that will have a capacitance of 1.0 F in air.
		The electric field is a vector with magnitude and direction and electrical potential is a scalar with magnitude only.
		Electric field is used to calculate the force on a charged particle at a given point in space where electrical potential is used to calculate the work done in transporting a charge through the field.
	www.wilsonhs.org /benjamin/apphyep.htm (627 words)

	Electric Potential (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Electric potential is defined as potential energy per unit charge.
		Advantage of using electric potential V instead of electric field E is that potential is a scalar field.
		The electric field at an equipotential surface must be perpendicular to the surface since otherwise there would be a component of the field and also therefore an electric force parallel to the equipotential surface.
	academic.mu.edu /phys/matthysd/web004/l0128.htm (155 words)

	Physics 30 - Electricity - Electric Potential Difference
		The electric potential difference (V) is the work done per unit charge as a charge is moved be- tween two points in an electric field.
		The decrease in electric potential implies that there is an electric potential difference between the two points.
		The potential at any point in an electric field can be either positive or negative with respect to the earth, depending on the nature of the charge.
	www.sasked.gov.sk.ca /docs/physics/u3b23phy.html (1037 words)

	Electric potential and the electric field (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		We have seen that the difference in electric potential between two arbitrary points in space is a function of the electric field which permeates space, but is independent of the test charge used to measure this difference.
		the gradient of the electric potential in the
		Clearly, it is far easier to determine the potential generated by a set of charges than it is to determine the electric field, since we can sum the potentials generated by the individual charges algebraically and do not have to worry about their directions (since they have no directions).
	farside.ph.utexas.edu /~rfitzp/teaching/302l/lectures/node22.html (736 words)

	Electric potential (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This is analogous to the definition of the gravitational potential energy through the work done by the force of gravity in moving a mass through a certain distance.
		In a nine volt battery the potential difference between the positive and negative terminals is precisely nine volts.
		On the other hand the potential difference across the power outlet in the wall of your home is 110 volts.
	theory.uwinnipeg.ca /mod_tech/node88.html (163 words)

	Project Links \| Electric Potential
		The electric field is directed along the radial vector r, and is perpendicular to the equipotential surfaces.
		The electric potential produced by a more complex charge distribution can be obtained by adding or integrating the point charge potential given by (10).
		Therefore, it is generally much easier to calculate the electric potential and from that to obtain the electric field, E, using (6).
	links.math.rpi.edu /devmodules/electricpotential/html/1pt_theory.html (282 words)

	The Electric Potential of a Moving Charge
		This conception of electric potential changed in the 1880’s when Ludwig Lorenz suggested that the potential at the origin at time t should be due to all the charges not on the instantaneous time slice of the origin, but on the past light cone of the origin, as illustrated below.
		Since the potential is essentially proportional to the inverse of the distance, it might seem counter-intuitive at first that there is a component of the derivative that drops off as the inverse distance, but this component is due to the scaling effect of the retarded velocity-dependent factor in the expression for the potential.
		The outer circular loci represent the lowest potential, generated by the charge when it was futhest in the past, at the x value of the left-most end of the yellow projected path, which is the center of the outer circles.
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath575/kmath575.htm (1385 words)

	Electric Potential
		My textbook says electric potential (a scalar quantity) can be added together instead of vectorially adding the electric field to find the voltage when there are two fields.
		In a high school or university grade of Physics, E potential is treated as a scalar field; the spatial differential of the scalar field is a vector called E field.
		The bottom line is that the electric charges don't know what the value of the potential is at all; they have a rather bad case of myopia.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=15637 (1616 words)

	Intracellular Ion Environment and Membrane Electric Potential
		In many animal cells, the Na concentration gradient and the membrane electric potential power the uptake of amino acids and other molecules against their concentration gradient; this transport is catalyzed by ion-linked symport and antiport proteins.
		The resulting separation of charge across the membrane can be measured by a potentiometer as an electric potential, or voltage, with the right side of the membrane negative (having excess negative charge) with respect to the left (Figure 15-8b).
		The magnitude of the membrane electric potential is the same (59 mV), except that the right side is now positive with respect to the left (Figure 15-8c), opposite to the polarity obtained with selective Na permeability.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/bv.fcgi?rid=mcb.section.4055 (2011 words)

	Electric Fields
		However, electric field E is a little bit different from gravitational field g.
		Electric potential energy equals to the electric potential energy divided by charge.
		because the electric field force is inversely proportional to the square of its distance.
	library.advanced.org /10796/ch12/ch12.htm (762 words)

	WEIMER: Ionospheric Electric Potential Model
		For purpose of illustration, Figure 3 shows the electric potentials that are obtained from this model for the actual conditions that were measured in the solar wind by NASA s WIND spacecraft prior to 6.7 UT on June 18, 1995.
		The electric potential model described here also has applications in basic research as well, and it already is being used by other researchers in various numerical simulations of ionospheric plasma structure or electrodynamics.
		Electric potentials derived at nine IMF angles at a fixed IMF magnitude, tilt angle, and solar wind velocity.
	www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu /gem/poster/weimer/ggcm (2330 words)

	Electric work and potential difference
		The presence of the constant C stems from the fact that it is only differences in potential energy or potential which enter into the definitions of Eqs.(1.7,1.8); this is exactly analogous to the situation for gravitational potential energy, where one is free to choose the zero point at will.
		Although these considerations have been for a constant electric field, the defining relation of Eq.(1.7) for the electric potential energy and that of Eq.(1.8) for the electric potential are general.
		The nice aspect of the electric potential energy and potential is that in the presence of multiple charges one simply adds algebraically the corresponding expressions for the individual charges to find the net result.
	theory.uwinnipeg.ca /physics/charge/node4.html (488 words)

	Foundations of Electronics - Electric Potential and Potential Energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		You may be familiar with the concept of potential energy from your science class.
		Electric potential is defined as work per unit charge.
		Electric potential is still another quantity that obeys the principle of superposition.
	library.thinkquest.org /10784/phys4.html (365 words)

	Fizzics Fizzle: Advanced: Electricity and Magnetism: Electric Potential
		It is the potential that the particle has to do work, and since it is in an electric field, electric potential seems like the most logical name for it.
		What that means is that the force of the electric field is the same for two points as long as they are equidistant from the point.
		Now instead of dealing directly with potential energy of a charged particle, it might be better to just deal with the more general concept of potential energy per unit charge, which is called simply potential.
	library.thinkquest.org /16600/advanced/potential.shtml (474 words)

	Electric Fields, Electric Potentential, and Capacitors
		the potential difference is the work done on a charge to move it from one point with one potential to another point of another potential work done on a charge; or the potential is the potential energy per unit charge.
		Electric potential can be easier to use than electric fields because it is a scalar quantity rather than a vector quantity.
		In a nonuniform field (such as produced by a point charge), the electric field ina given direction at any point in space is equal to the rate at which the electric potential changes over distance in that direction.
	www.pschweigerphysics.com /field.html (3513 words)

	Page 217 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The strength of the electric potential field at some point due to a point charge is given by: E = kq/r.
		If more than one charge is present, the strength of the electric potential field at a point may be found by measuring the strengths of the electric potential field due to each of the individual charges and then summing them.
		In this applet you may create a group of point charges and then plot the resultant electric potential field.
	www.msu.edu /user/brechtjo/physics/eField/eField.html (244 words)

	Electric Potential and capacitance
		The electric potential at a point is defined as the amount of work required to bring a unit positive charge from infinity to the point under consideration.
		When more than one charge is present, the electric potential at a point is the algebraic sum of the potentials due to each of the charges present.
		Find the electric potential at the center of a square as shown in the figure 2-1, if four point charges are placed at the four corners of the square 50 cm on each side, when
	www2.potsdam.edu /islamma/Phys305_ElecPotential.htm (1410 words)

	Electric Potential and Capacitance
		In this case, the electric field is zero (all of the charge is on the surface of the shell).
		Since the electric potential is defined in terms of the potential energy, we can use our knowledge of the electric potential to determine the energy stored in the electric field.
		In electrical circuits, we often encounter combinations of capacitors and need to know what their combined effect is. The two most common combinations are capacitors in series (one after the other) and in parallel (linked side by side).
	physics.tamuk.edu /~suson/html/1402/potential.html (2151 words)

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