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Topic: Electrical quackery

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Albert Abrams

Terms and concepts in alternative medicine

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Quackery

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	Quackery
		Quackery is the practice of unproven, ineffective medicine, usually in order to make money or to maintain a position of power.
		Quackery is still abundant today, herbal medicine[?], miracle cures, and diet and fitness regimes are considered a form of Quackery by medical experts, these criticise thet they are great at taking money from people, especially the desperate.
		Quackery doesn't have to deal with their wrongs of the past, they don't call themselves quacks, they can change their name to whatever is trendy at the time, e.g.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/qu/Quackery.html (572 words)

	Electrical quackery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Early experiments by Galvani showed that touching an electrically charged scalpel to an exposed nerve in the leg of a dead frog would cause the leg to kick as if the frog were still alive.
		While electricity is responsible for the transmission of signals along nerves, both the deluded and the outright fraudulent have attempted to exploit the belief that the presence of electricity and conductors will have a dramatic, disease-curing effect on living tissue.
		The plausibility of electrical cures was enhanced by the fact that electrical machinery was being put into practical use in medicine at this time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electrical_quackery (548 words)

	From Quackery to Bacteriology, Document 3b
		Quackery grew in fashion because its ideas reflected the spirituality of the period.
		Electricity was believed to have magical properties and, as demonstrated by lightning, was powerful.
		Electricity was particularly useful in treating "nervous diseases" (mental illness) since there were no known scientific cures.
	www.cl.utoledo.edu /canaday/quackery/quack3b.html (798 words)

	Quackery Encyclopedia Article @ NaturalResearch.com (Natural Research) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Since there is no exact standard for what constitutes quackery, and how to differentiate it from experimental medicine, surgery, religious and spiritual beliefs, etc., accusations of quackery are often part of citation needed against one party or other, and sometimes in polemic exchanges.
		In determining whether a person is committing quackery, the central question is what is acceptable evidence for the efficacy and safety of whatever which treatments, cures, regimens, or procedures the alleged quack advocates.
		To avoid semantic problems, quackery could be broadly defined as "anything involving overpromotion in the field of health." This definition would include questionable ideas as well as questionable products and services, regardless of the sincerity of their promoters.
	www.naturalresearch.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/Quackery (2816 words)

	Ψ FREE quackery & FREE palm reading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Quackery is the practice of promoting medicine which lacks evidence of effectiveness.
		The word derives from quacksalver, an archaic word originally of Dutch origin (spelled kwakzalver in contemporary Dutch), meaning "boaster who applies a salve." Pietro Longhi: The Charlatan, 1757It is often difficult to distinguish between those who knowingly promote unproven medical therapies and those who are mistaken as to their effectiveness.
		Opponents of quackery have suggested several reasons why quackery is accepted by patients in spite of its lack of effectiveness: 1 - Ignorance: Those who perpetuate quackery may do so to take advantage of ignorance about conventional medical treatments versus alternative treatments.
	www.handresearch.com /hand/abc/quackery.htm (434 words)

	Electromagnetic Fields not a hazard
		Electric fields alleged to be carcinogenic and generated in humans by the 60 Hz 5 milligauss (mG) magnetic fields from an electric power distribution system will be only about ten millionths of a volt per meter (V/m) and cannot induce an energy transfer to biologically significant molecules greater than one-millionth kT.
		The familiar electric fields generated by heart action, measured in the course of an electrocardiogram, are more than a hundred times greater than the environmental fields.
		A young woman appeared on television early in 1993 to express her conviction that the cancer found in her child was induced by power-line magnetic fields while the child was in utero.
	jeromekahn123.tripod.com /quackery/id1.html (1378 words)

	Quackery (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Quackery is the practice of fraudulent medicine, usually in order to make money or for ego gratification and power.
		This is not to imply that all shamanism is quackery.
		Quackery is still found today in the form of heavily-marketed so-called "miracle cures", and "miracle" diet, weight-loss and fitness regimes.
	quackery.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (1477 words)

	Biological Batteries
		With the exception of the freshwater apteronotid knifefishes (in which the electric organs are derived from modified nerve fibres), the electric organs of all electrogenic fishes are modified from striated muscle fibres, consisting of stacks of flattened cells innervated on one side.
		The electric discharge in these skates is also distinctly different from that of other electrogenic fishes, either elasmobranch or teleost: the discharge has a slow time course, rising and falling over an interval measured in seconds rather than the rapid discharge that occurs in milliseconds in other electrogenic fishes.
		Remarkably, the duration of the electrical burst which occurs as the mouth is opened correlates with the length of the prey fish.
	www.elasmo-research.org /education/topics/p_batteries.htm (2186 words)

	MAGNETIC & ELECTROMAGNETIC THERAPY
		The purpose of the salon was to treat the untoward effects of the body's innate "animal magnetism." In spite of continued condemnation by the scientific community, magnetic therapy became a popular form of treatment by the lay community.
		Based on this equation, a static magnetic field cannot generate an electrical voltage, as the dB/dt component of the equation, is zero, as is the voltage induced by the field.
		The word appropriate in the preceding sentence is important since cells and tissues respond to a variety of electrical signal configurations in ways that suggest a degree of specificity for both the tissue affected and the signal itself.
	skeptically.org /quackery/id4.html (6230 words)

	Bird (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The technique of the electrical bath was to apply either positive or negative friction electricity to a patient who was seated on an insulated stool (often wooden) and connected to the prime conductor of the machine.
		In his report he indicated that electricity was delivered from an electrical machine as current and sparks, from a Leyden jar as shocks, and from an electromagnetic device as shocks.
		He claimed that electricity was frequently applied by medical practitioners to hopeless cases and administered indiscriminately without regards to the manner, form, or mode of treatment.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/bird.html (3504 words)

	Pain \| Paralysis Resource Center
		Electrical stimulation, including transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS), implanted electric nerve stimulation, and deep brain or spinal cord stimulation, is the modern-day extension of age-old practices in which the nerves of muscles are subjected to a variety of stimuli, including heat or massage.
		Electrical stimulation is not for everyone, nor is it 100 percent effective.
		While it is often dismissed as quackery and pseudoscience by skeptics, proponents offer the theory that magnets may effect changes in cells or body chemistry, thus producing pain relief.
	www.paralysis.org /site/c.erJMJUOxFmH/b.1305837/k.B4E4/Pain.htm (1788 words)

	Galvanic Dumbbells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Electrical stimulation of muscle tissue during exercising was the purpose of many patented devices, which began to appear in the 1880’s.
		A precursor to the electric dumb-bell was patented in 1883, by William McGinnis, of New York.
		He states in his patent, “The object of my invention is to admit of the generation and transmission of a gentle electrical current through the muscles and tissues of the body, simultaneously with their exercise, as they are brought into play by the use of appliances adapted for the purpose”.
	www.americanartifacts.com /smma/elecmed2/dumbbell.htm (441 words)

	Early Electrical Apparatus of Charles Grafton Page
		From the splendor of sparks and the extreme intensity of shocks obtained from magnetic electrical instruments where the galvanic battery is used as a source of the magnetic power, the hope has been entertained by many that such instruments would prove valuable in a high degree as sources of electrolytic power.
		These impulses or secondary currents closely resemble a common electrical discharge, and are of too short duration to allow the particles of the substances to be decomposed to assume definite polar arrangement.
		For I apprehend that in the development and return of magnetic forces, electrical currents are excited in the body of the magnet at right angles to its axis, as well as in the wires surrounding the magnet.
	www.americanartifacts.com /smma/page/page.htm (4874 words)

	Good for What Ails You?: From delightful to dangerous, quackery is here to stay. - MedHunters
		Quackery was first imported to North America from Europe in the early 1700s, and American marketers quickly caught on.
		Electrical belts, inhalers, brushes, and insoles (that contained magnets, not real electricity) were sold starting around the 1880s to control impotency, rheumatism, insomnia, melancholia, and an array of other complaints.
		There are also modern-day challenges to quackery: the James Randi Educational Fund is offering one million dollars to those who can prove in supervised tests that any of their "quack" occult powers work.
	www.medhunters.com /articles/goodForWhatAilsYou.html (1133 words)

	Electrical quackery (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Electricity has long been regarded as something of an elemental life-force.
		The 1931 film adaptation of Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein reflected this impression by having Dr. Frankenstein's patchwork monster brought to life by electricity.
		This created great opportunity for both the deluded and the outright fraudulent to go into the field of quackery.
	publicliterature.org.cob-web.org:8888 /en/wikipedia/e/el/electrical_quackery.html (500 words)

	Electric Health
		The application of electric current started as quackery but has evolved over the past century to be an effective way of managing pain and assisting in the recovery from injury.
		Christian A. Kratzenstein (1723-1795) was the first to use electricity medically when he replaced "bad" electricity with "good" electricity in such diseases as rheumatism and the plague.
		It generated an electric current from spinning magnates that resulted in a small shock delivered to surprised and delighted patients suffering from nervous disorders.
	www.sfowler.com /electrichealth/electrichealth.htm (917 words)

	Magnet Therapy
		Conversely, a changing magnetic field can generate an electric voltage; the magnetic field must change to have any electrical effect (hence, the term pulsating electromagnetic field therapy, which generates rising and falling levels of a magnetic field.) The biological effects of pulsating electromagnetic fields are hypothesized to be due to electrical rather than magnetic forces.
		Although the mechanisms remain undetermined, several studies report that electrical fields generated by pulsating electromagnetic field therapy stimulate biologic processes pertinent to osteogenesis and bone graft incorporation.
		One study, for example, failed to identify any beneficial effect of applying a magnetic field to a non-healing fracture and concluded that the long periods of immobilization and inactivity required for the application of the magnetic field therapy were just as likely to be responsible for tissue healing.
	members.tripod.com /~SportsDoc/magnets.html (4081 words)

	Wired News: Mendocino, CA: Microwave Hot Seat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Electrical sensitivity is not recognized by the U.S. medical establishment, and Firstenberg refused to disclose his diagnosis, which allows him to collect disability income.
		Firstenberg says he became electrically sensitive in 1982 as a pre-med student at the University of California at Irvine, after he received more than 40 dental X-rays.
		Nowadays when Firstenberg travels, he lugs along a bevy of devices to detect radio frequencies, including a meter that gauges electrical, magnetic and microwave fields.
	www.wired.com /news/wireless/0,1382,49841-2,00.html (700 words)

	Quackery … the billion dollar miracle business - pamphlet Pamphlet by: U.S. Food and Drug Administration - Find ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Simply put, quackery is the promotion of a medical remedy that doesn't work or hasn't been proven to work.
		But call it quackery or call it health fraud, the result is the same - unfulfilled wishes, wasted dollars, endangered health.
		Such devices are, of course, worthless for "body toning" and can even be dangerous, but they're advertised and sold as substitutes for exercising.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0653/is_1990_Nov/ai_9070248 (902 words)

	Task Force for Veterinary Science : Magnetic And Electromagnetic Therapy In Horses
		All of this long and unbridled history of clear quackery regarding the using magnets to heal people has tended to obscure the fact that there is and has been a great deal of relatively recent medical investigation as to the real effects of magnetic and electromagnetic fields on body tissues.
		In bone, mechanical and electrical signals may regulate the synthesis of extracellular matrix by stimulating signaling pathways at the cell membrane., In soft tissue, alternating current electrical fields have been shown to induce a redistribution of integral cell membrane proteins.
		The word appropriate in the preceding sentence is especially important, since cells and tissues respond to a variety of electrical signal configurations in a way that suggests a degree of specificity for both the tissue affected and the signal itself.
	www.vet-task-force.com /MAG.htm (3565 words)

	Pain Management: Electrical Stimulation through Magnets
		Electrical stimulation, no matter what form, involves a major surgical procedure and is not for everyone, nor is it 100 percent effective.
		The patient is then able to deliver an electrical current as needed to the affected area, using an antenna and transmitter.
		The patient is able to deliver a pulse of electricity to the spinal cord using a small box-like receiver and an antenna taped to the skin.
	www.spineuniverse.com /rtbarticle.php/article2730.html (650 words)

	That Quacking Sound in Colonial America
		This was the opening of the age of electricity.
		From this came a wild leap of imagination—that electricity was a life-giving force, an extension of solar energy, a synonym for God.
		Properly stroked across the afflicted surface of the body, the tractors would draw off the noxious electrical fluid that lay at the root of the suffering, bringing blessed relief.
	www.history.org /Foundation/journal/Spring04/quackery.cfm (2707 words)

	Quackery in the Medical Device Field (1963)
		Some are supposed to measure elec—trical frequencies emanating from diseased areas of the body although there is no scientific evidence of the existence of such electrical frequencies.
		Again one of the tentacles of quackery was severed by the court order, but sick patients continue to be treated with Toftness devices in the possession of health practitioners throughout the country.
		According to the literature describing the use of the device, the practitioner is able to "detect and analyze" hypertrophy of the heart, muscular fatigue of heart muscles, and diseases due to vitamin and other diet deficiencies which are alleged to include practically all diseases.
	www.devicewatch.org /reg/milstead.shtml (4001 words)

	From Quackery to Bacteriology, Document 1
		Scientific medicine took on aspects of quackery to gain patient acceptance, and quackery assumed aspects of scientific medicine to gain credibility.
		Many of the quackery theories took on qualities of social reform and religious revivalism to become movements of their own.
		It was not until the end of the century that scientific advances began to catch up with the medical needs of the public.
	www.cl.utoledo.edu /canaday/quackery/quack1.html (862 words)

	Gas Grill Ingniters: The Stimulator and The Crystaldyne Pain Reliever
		The Stimulator is essentially an electric gas barbecue grill igniter outfitted with finger grips.
		Her only response was a quick gasp from the electrical poke, but nothing more.
		Cliff is still at the age where he might believe what you tell him, and we thought that the power of suggestion, together with the spark of the device, might relieve any pain he was experiencing.
	www.mtn.org /quack/devices/stimul.htm (644 words)

	Quack "Electrodiagnostic" Devices
		The device emits a tiny direct electric current that flows through a wire from the device to a brass cylinder covered by moist gauze, which the patient holds in one hand.
		Each acupuncture point is associated with a specific meridian, or line of electrical conductance, which in turn is associated with a particular organ or system of the body.
		By determining the electrical resistance at different points on a patient, it is possible to determine which organs are affected by a disease.
	www.quackwatch.org /01QuackeryRelatedTopics/electro.html (4356 words)

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