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Topic: Electrical telegraph

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	New Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An electric telegraph is a device consisting of 24 parallel wires: one for each different code, or character, to be transmitted.
		In England, the needle telegraph was first applied in 1837 on a stretch of railway between Euston and Camden Town.
		By 1851, the electrical telegraph won over its predecessor and even the Stock Exchanges in London and Paris were connected by this new technology.
	www.sinc.sunysb.edu /Class/cei511/wired_telegraph.htm (565 words)

	The History of the Telegraph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wires were stretched from one point to another and an electric current was either allowed to flow through the wires or broken by a switch called a telegraph key.
		In the 1850's telegraph operators began to realize that they could recognize the different sounds made by the register as dots and dashes and a new detector mechanism called a Sounder was invented.
		The printing telegraph invented by Royal E. House of Vermont was patented in 1846, but was not usable until modified to eliminate interference with the Morse patents, and was repatented in 1852.
	www.tcnj.edu /~murphy16/Telegraph/invention.html (570 words)

	messenger
		Electricity, though observed since ancient times, only became a subject of intense interest in certain enlightened circles during the first half of the 18th century.
		Democracy and Electricity the two white knights of the modern age, sallied forth on their adventures on some unknown date in the middle of the eighteenth century.
		When news of the electrical telegraph spread to his empire, however, he immediately suppressed it, lest his enemies employ it to foment a conspiracy reaching from Petersburg to Siberia.
	www.well.com /user/demarini/messenger.html (1742 words)

	Wire communications : history of the telegraph and the telephone
		The fact that the electricity could be sent through a wire of considerable length was demonstrated firstly by Stephen Gray (1666-1736) in 1729; but apparently he did not think that his discovery provided the means for the fast transmission of signals.
		The development of the electrical telegraph as it was known during first years of the XX century, from this primitive device, demanded many years of discoveries and inventions.
		He demonstrated that the magnetic effect of an electrical current could often be amplified coiling a wire around a sweet iron bar and he explained to his students the possibility of tolling the Bells of a remote church with his electromagnet.
	www.sapiensman.com /old_wires (1509 words)

	Historical figures in telecommunications
		The development of modern telecommunications from the first electrical telegraph over the last 150 years is the result of the work of thousands of scientists, engineers and even researchers from quite different walks of life.
		Samuel Finlay Breese Morse was the inventor of the electromagnetic recording telegraph and the developer of the code of dots and dashes known as the Morse Code.
		He invented the first electrical cell, the precursor of the electrical battery which was for many years the principle power supply for telecommunications.
	www.itu.int /aboutitu/HistoricalFigures.html (1176 words)

	The Electromagnetic Telegraph
		This was not the first electric telegraph, not even the first electromagnetic telegraph, nor the first recording telegraph, but it was a momentous event for the Morse Patentees, and the opening act of a telegraph drama that would spread world-wide within a decade.
		Telegraph trials were also made on the Saxon State Railways between Leipzig and Dresden by Weber of Göttingen and Steinheil in 1838, applying the telegraph to train operation, says M. von Weber in 1867, who also claims (probably erroneously) that the earth return was discovered there.
		This was the electrical and magnetic weather caused by thunderstorms and solar particles incident on the ionosphere.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/tel/morse/morse.htm (23003 words)

	The Joseph Henry Papers Project
		The answer depends on how one defines the terms "invent" and "telegraph." On a more fundamental level, a full answer to this question must explore the nature of and connections between scientific research and technological innovation in a period when the legal, ideological, and economic foundations of intellectual property rights were particularly unstable.
		He demonstrated his telegraph publicly for the first time on September 2, 1837; solicited government support from the secretary of the Treasury a few weeks later; and filed a caveat with the Patent Office at the beginning of October.
		Electrical science at this time was also in an unsettled state; there existed a wide gulf between theoretical understanding and technological practice.
	www.si.edu /archives/ihd/jhp/joseph20.htm (3841 words)

	2. The Electric Telegraph (1860-1914)
		However, visual telegraphs were slow, covered limited distances, and were usable only during good visibility, so inventors worked to develop a way to send signals by electrical currents along wires, which promised nearly instantaneous transmissions over great distances in all kinds of weather.
		Like the earlier mechanical telegraphs, this pioneer electrical telegraph used visual signaling -- in its initial configuration, two needles at a time, out of a total of five, rotated on the receiving device to point to letters on a display.
		Although the electric telegraph made most visual telegraphs obsolete, telegraph wires couldn't be run out to sea, so, until the development of radio, a few semaphore links continued to provide ship-to-shore communication.
	earlyradiohistory.us /sec002.htm (1604 words)

	ACW's Insulator Info - Book Reference Info - Timeline of Related Developments
		Undoubtedly the most familiar form of electricity known to the ancients was lightning-- that terrifying flash of fire from the heavens which can kill animals and men, splinter trees, and start fires.
		He coined the term 'electric' for any material that could be charged by rubbing, and the term 'non-electric' for materials that could not be charged.
		His demonstration of the electromagnet and the speed of electricity in a conductor gave Morse the idea of the telegraph and of using a pencil attached to a magnetic clapper to copy the signals.
	www.myinsulators.com /acw/bookref/timeline-rel-devel.html (12326 words)

	Telegraph History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The 19century French physicist, Ampere, after whom the amp, the standard unit for measuring an electric current, was named; proposed that ìone could by means of as many pairs of conducting wires and magnetic needles as there are lettersî establish a signaling system.
		In 1819, it was noticed that an electric current would deflect magnetic needles and that a freely-moving magnetized needle when surrounded by a wire coil will respond to the power of the electrical current in the coil.
		A device the Galvanometer, to measure currents was built and the would-be electrical telegraphers acquired a signaling instrument using dynamic electricity.
	www.tcnj.edu /~fiske2/Tele/content/history.html (925 words)

	Inventor Granville Woods Biography
		A variation of the "induction telegraph," it allowed for messages to be sent from moving trains and railway stations.
		In the years that followed, the prolific inventor improved the telephone transmitter and developed an electric car powered by overhead wires, a grooved wheel for the trolley car, a "third rail" system for an electric locomotive, an improved airbrake system, and a telegraph system for communicating between moving trains, which contributed to railroad safety.
		The device, which he called "telegraphony," would allow a telegraph station to send voice and telegraph messages over a single wire.The device was so successful that he later sold it to the American Bell Telephone Company..The Bell Company's purchase of this invention enabled Woods to become a full-time inventor.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventors/woods.htm (2071 words)

	Granville Woods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Intrigued by the electricity that powered the machinery, Woods studied other machine workers as they attended to different pieces of equipment and paid other workers to sit down and explain electrical concepts to him.
		One of the early inventions from the company was an improved steam boiler furnace and this was followed up by an improved telephone transmitter which had superior clarity of sound and could provide for longer range of distance for transmission.
		Thomas Edison made one of these claims, stating that he had first created a similar telegraph and that he was entitled to the patent for the device.
	www.blackinventor.com /pages/granvillewoods.html (722 words)

	Breguet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bréguet's telegraph, consisting of a transmitter and a receiver supplied by an electric battery, is one example of the new technology.
		The shuttle movement of the armature is transmitted to a toothed wheel; this turns in unison with a pointer whose tip thereby indicates the letters of the alphabet on the receiver dial.
		When the person using the transmitter turns the pointer, the electrical circuit opens and closes successively, and the pointer on the receiver advances to the letter corresponding to the position where the transmitter pointer stops.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/breguet.html (1128 words)

	Telephone Equipment
		Telegraph lines use only a single wire in combination with the earth to form a closed electrical circuit.
		This is a disadvantage for telephone circuits, as they will be susceptible to electrical noise from adjacent circuits on the same pole line, electrical motors, power lines, etc. Thus the telegraphone was probably quite noisy and usable only in remote areas such as those found on the narrow gauge.
		The dispatcher's office and telegrapher's office in the Alamosa station of the D.&R.G.W. are being rewired as part of a general improvement program, Hunt announced.
	faradic.net /~gsraven/telegraph_tales/drgw/instruments/telephone.html (1029 words)

	Lesage's Telegraph
		One of the first telegraphs was constructed by Georges Lesage in Geneva, in 1774, using a single wire for each of the letters of the alphabet.
		The wires were to be charged with electricity from a machine one at a time, according to the letter it represented.
		Whether Salvá's abandonment of pith-ball electroscopes in favor of human receivers was due to problems with electrical dissipation in the moister climate of Barcelona, a cheaper labor pool, or the relative ease of transcription of 26 vocal sources into a coherent message are questions that only further researches into his work might reveal.
	people.deas.harvard.edu /~jones/cscie129/images/history/lesage.html (492 words)

	The Victorian Internet - Mappa.Mundi Magazine - Reviews
		Thankfully, Standage makes the point that the telegraph was the Internet of its age, but then lets the metaphor drop and tells the story of the spread of the telegraph on its own terms.
		The idea of an electrical telegraph was bandied about by many, often with enough fervor that it joined the perpetual motion machine as one of those topics that signaled the presence of a perhaps-crazed inventor.
		Donations from telegraph operators all over the world, and in 1871, a banquet was held to unveil the statue and honor the aging inventor.
	mappa.mundi.net /reviews/victorian (1585 words)

	Electrical telegraph - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The electrical telegraph is a telegraph that uses electric signals.
		Morse and Vail's first telegraphs used a pen and paper system to record the marks of the Morse Code, and interpreted the marks visually however, operators soon realized that they could "read" the clicking of the receiver directly by ear.
		Some electrical telegraphs used indicators which were read visually rather than by ear.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Electrical_telegraph (589 words)

	Learning Station: Online Activities
		the inventor of the electrical telegraph as well as of Morse Code and the man who demonstrated first electric telegraph message between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. in 1844: The Electric Telegraph.
		Earlier inventors were intrigued by the idea of the electric telegraph, but unable to devise practical working models.
		an electrical engineer and computer scientist headed the ARPANET program and was responsible for the overall design of the network transforming computers into interactive tools for communication and collaboration.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /onceandfutureweb/onlineactivities/meet_innovators.html (270 words)

	Weber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Weber defined an electromagnetic unit for electric current which was applied to measurements of current made by the deflection of the magnetic needle of a galvanometer.
		However, Weber's unifying approach was to assume that the relative velocities of the electrical particles produced a modification in the Coulomb electrostatic force, to produce the resultant force between the wires.
		In the Weber Electrical Law, there is a relative velocity, corresponding to the constant c in his formula, at which the force between a pair of electrical particles becomes zero.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/weber.html (2364 words)

	Electrical Bureau; Police & Fire Alarm Telegraph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		First organized by an Ordinance of March 17, 1856 as the Police and Fire Alarm Telegraph, this unit was administered by a Council-selected Superintendent working under the direction of the Mayor and the Chief Engineer of the Fire Department, with the care and management of the police and fire-alarm telegraph system.
		Eventually added to its duties were the regulation of the erection of all telegraph lines within the City and the collection of rentals from private telegraph companies using City poles.
		The Electrical Bureau was abolished, along with the Department of Public Safety, by the Philadelphia Home Rule Charter adopted in 1951 and its functions transferred to the several communications and building services divisions of the then-established Department of Public Property.
	www.phila.gov /phils/Docs/Inventor/graphics/agencies/A073.htm (340 words)

	TC200: History and Economics of Telecommunications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Trace the foundation of Western Union from the R.E. House patent of 1844 and his “electrophonetic” telegraph of 1868 and the nexus to the A.G. telephone patent 20 years later.
		The WWHT book invests a bit more text on Germany’s electric telegraphy but you should know that service was generally built in conjunction with telegraph lines.
		A final point noted in class discussion for Unit 3 is the formation of the ITU based on agreement for message transmission between Austria-Hungary and Prussia of 1850.
	www.msu.edu /course/tc/200/unit4outline.htm (677 words)

	The Nettie Archives ~ September 2002
		The Greater Redbone Electrical and Telegraph Company ("Better Loving Through Electricity!") is pleased and relieved to announce the safe arrival (with only minor loss of life) and prompt installation of our new 750 KW Washboard Flats Surplus Generator, which will assure the citizens
		The management and surviving operating staff of the Greater Redbone Electrical and Telegraph Company ("Power is Money!") wish to abjectly apologize for yesterday's little snafu during the inauguration of the new used dynamo.
		At some point before dawn a Greater Redbone Electrical and Telegraph Company representative came through the streets with a truck and loudspeaker to advise everyone that they had the situation well in hand.
	www.dearauntnettie.com /archives/archives-0209.htm (6336 words)

	Find in a Library: Descriptions of an electrical telegraph and of some other electrical apparatus
		Find in a Library: Descriptions of an electrical telegraph and of some other electrical apparatus
		Descriptions of an electrical telegraph and of some other electrical apparatus
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/35680d0b87ec74fb.html (72 words)

	Chinese Telegraphic Code
		The Chinese telegraphic code book, compiled in 1911, was used for sending Chinese characters over the electrical (hand-keyed, Morse) telegraph.
		This code is variously called ``dian4bao4ma3,'' ``Standard Telegraphic Code,'' ``Chinese Commercial Telegraph Code,'' ``Chinese Commercial Code,'' and ``telecode,'' and I have seen it abbreviated STC, CCC, and CTC.
		When the electrical telegraph fell out of use, CTC did too.
	www.dtc.umn.edu /~reedsj/ctc.html (1170 words)

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