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Topic: Electricity generation

	Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electricity generation is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers.
		The importance of dependable electricity generation, transmission and distribution was revealed when it became apparent that electricity was useful for providing heat, light and power for human activities.
		Electricity has been generated for the purpose of powering human technologies for at least 120 years from various sources of potential energy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electricity_generation (504 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Electricity generation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Decentralised power generation became possible when it was recognised that alternating current electric power lines can transport electricity at low cost across great distances by taking advantage of the ability to transform the voltage using power transformers.
		Power generation by thermonuclear fusion has been suggested as a possible way of generating electricity; currently a number of technical obstacles and environmental concerns stand in the way, but if realized fusion might provide a relatively clean and safe source of electrical power.
		Electricity reform around the world is de-coupling electricity generation from the regulated monopoly elements of transmission and electricity distribution; see electricity market.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Electricity_generation (878 words)

	Environmental concerns with electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is normally generated at power plants which convert some other kind of energy into electrical power.
		Generally, the electrical power generated is not sufficient to pay back the cost at current electricity prices, so when government subsidies are not present, this method is rarely used.
		This however may reintroduce environmental issues with conventional electricity generation methods, somewhat curtailing the effectiveness of wind power as an environmentally friendly means of producing electricity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Environmental_concerns_with_electricity_generation (2478 words)

	Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism - How Is Electricity Produced?
		Electricity generation - whether from fossil fuels, nuclear, renewable fuels, or other sources - is usually* based on the fact that "When magnets are moved near a wire, an electric current is generated in that wire."
		Electricity, at the "+" and "-" terminals, is shown in the picture as a lighting bolt.
		A "generator" and "motor" are essentially the same thing: what you call it depends on whether electricity is going into the unit or coming out of it.
	www.hawaii.gov /dbedt/info/energy/renewable/electricitygeneration (1011 words)

	Electricity generation in Canada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most electricity in Canada is generated by Hydroelectric,natural gas, coal and nuclear power, while biomass, solar energy, wind generators and fuel oil are used to a limited extent.
		The electrical generating capacities of each province and territory in Canada are broken down below.
		Electricity is generated at 14 hydro, coal, oil, diesel and Orimulsion®, powered stations, with an installed net capacity of 3,313 MW comprised of 1,903 MW thermal, 884 MW hydro and 526 MW of combustion turbine capacity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electricity_generation_in_Canada (684 words)

	ActewAGL \| Education Site \| Electricity \| Generation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Electricity generation is grouped in two ways depending on the source of energy being used: electricity from a renewable energy source, or electricity from non-renewable energy source.
		Generation of electricity using renewable energy sources is being widely researched to improve the technologies and make it cheaper.
		The cost of electricity generation is directly related to the availability of the energy used to produce it.
	www.actewagl.com.au /education/electricity/generation (1409 words)

	Electricity Generation and Distribution
		Electricity is a form of energy that is associated with the buildup and movement of electrons and protons.
		Natural gas is used to generate about 10 percent of the electricity used in the U.S., and oil is used to generate about two percent of electricity used in the U.S. The U.S. depends on natural gas for about 24% of its total primary energy requirements.
		First, the voltage of the electricity produced by a generator in the power plant is “stepped up” when it travels through a secondary coil of a transformer that has far more turns of wire than the primary coil.
	www.pge.com /microsite/PGE_dgz/more/electricity_gen.html (1412 words)

	Transmission Pricing Issues for Electricity Generation
		Since large quantities of (non-hydro) renewable electricity may be on the horizon for the first time, concurrent with a radical change in electricity market structure, examining the impact of transmission policies on renewable-based electricity seems timely.
		Regulation of electric utilities was based on the premise that the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity are natural monopolies, characterized by economies of scale and scope and the need for large capital investments.
		Electricity flows on all available transmission paths between generators and points of use according to the laws of physics.
	www.distributed-generation.com /Library/Transmission_Pricing.htm (6810 words)

	Electricity Generation Information Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Natural gas was used to generate 650 billion kWh (16.7 percent), and petroleum accounted for 119 billion kWh (3.1 percent).
		Natural gas and petroleum are also burned in gas turbine generators where the hot gases produced from combustion are used to turn the turbine, which, and in turn, spins the generator to produce electricity.
		In nuclear-powered generating units, the boiler is replaced by a reactor in which the fission of uranium is used to make steam to drive the turbine.
	www.eia.doe.gov /neic/infosheets/electricgeneration.htm (527 words)

	Electricity Generation
		The market for electricity in the U.S. is approximately $200 billion per year and represents between 20 and 25 percent of the global market.
		Electricity generation is notoriously inefficient, approximately 30-35 per cent efficiency.
		Electricity generation is probably the only industry that has not significantly increased efficiency over the last 50 years.
	www.delugeinc.com /electricitygeneration.htm (336 words)

	ActewAGL \| Education Site \| Electricity \| Generation \| Tidal
		This tidal plant was built in the 1960's and generates 240 megawatts of electricity.
		Electricity produced in this way could replace electricity that is generated from fossil fuels.
		For tidal electricity generation to be viable tidal variations greater than 15 meters are required.
	www.actewagl.com.au /education/electricity/generation/tidal.aspx (494 words)

	Discover Energy - Resources Empowering New Mexico (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Electricity has been generated for the purpose of powering human technologies for at least 120 years.
		A small amount of our power today comes from solar energy and wind generators, although these renewable energy sources are expected to generate a great deal more electricity in the future.
		Wind-driven generators use wind to turn their turbines.
	www.emnrd.state.nm.us /emnrd/ocd/nmenergy/nmenergy.net/electricity.html (176 words)

	electricity generation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Electric generators are essentially very large quantities of copper wire spinning around inside very large magnets, at very high speeds.
		Nuclear generating units accounted for the second largest share (20 percent) of electricity generation in the United States in 2000, 754 billion kWh.
		Hydro electricity units use flowing water to spin a turbine connected to a generator.
	www.electricityforum.com /electricity-generation.html (1174 words)

	Business Electricity - Generation
		Just as the name would suggest electricity generators (power stations) are responsible for generating the energy used by businesses.
		Electricity produced by generators is sold on the wholesale electricity market, which operates like any other market.
		Electricity suppliers buy their electricity by signing contracts with electricity generators or by trading on the power exchanges.
	www.electricity4business.co.uk /generation.asp (78 words)

	Electricity Generation
		The calculations used to estimate the carbon emissions are shown in the electricity generation appendix.
		The carbon emitted from generation of electricity drawn from the grid has been estimated from the carbon efficiency of the plants contributing to the grid and the Rhode Island consumption, which is reported annually to the RI PUC.
		The average carbon efficiency of generation over this six year period was higher for all electricity purchased from the grid by the three RI companies (0.18 MCTE/MWH) than for the electricity generated in RI (0.21 MCTE/MWH) presumably because the grid supply includes generation from nuclear plants and from hydro.
	www.brown.edu /Research/EnvStudies_Theses/GHG/Sections/Imported_Electricity.htm (530 words)

	ELECTRICITY GENERATION
		This is the principal behind simple electric generators in which a wire loop is rotated between to stationary magnetics.
		To generate electricty then, all we really want to do is have some (mechanical) mechanism turn a crank that rotates a loop of wire between stationary magnets.
		Electricity is generated at the generating plant at 120 Volts and then delivered to the households over conductors.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /1999/ph161/l3.html (495 words)

	Electricity Generation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The cost of fuel cells is dropping rapidly, from around $3,000 per kilowatt in 1997 (for prototypes made on a workbench by PhDs) to perhaps $800 or less per kilowatt in 1999 (a reasonable estimate of early mass-production cost).
		Producing the electricity will thus be extremely cheap—enough to undercut just the operating cost of most existing coal and nuclear power stations.
		Electric or gas utilities could even lease and operate the fuel cells.
	www.rmi.org /sitepages/pid424.php (518 words)

	Environmental Impacts of Electricity Generation
		The dominance of the coal cycle for this indicator is due to the public health impact of emissions of nitrates and sulphates (Ref 2).
		A comparison of external costs and generation costs is the best way, even with large uncertainties which remain, to measure how the competitiveness of the different electricity sources may evolve in the future.
		For France, where 80% of the electricity in 1999 came from nuclear, it is not possible to reach the Kyoto targets only through the electricity generation sector.
	www.world-nuclear.org /sym/2000/devezeaux.htm (5582 words)

	[No title]
		Electricity can lift a weight, therefore it is a form of work energy.
		Generally, create a ‘potential difference” or difference in positive and negative areas which encourages electrons to move and balance out the positive side with the negative side.
		Efficiency is still around 35% for generating electricity, but some benefit from “co-generation” of steam for other uses.
	www.ce.cmu.edu /~dh5x/12-090/lectures/elec_guest_lect.doc (569 words)

	EPA - Clean Energy - Solid Waste Generation
		Some electricity generation technologies result in the creation of solid waste.
		Certain electricity generation technologies, however, produce no solid waste, or very insubstantial amounts.
		Currently, the radioactive waste is stored at the nuclear plants at which it is generated, either in steel-lined, concrete vaults filled with water or in above-ground steel or steel-reinforced concrete containers with steel inner canisters.
	www.epa.gov /cleanenergy/solidwaste_gen.htm (724 words)

	NationMaster - Statistics > Electricity > Production by country (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		FACTOID # 2: The top 10 countries for electricity generation using a nuclear energy source are all in Europe.
		The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
		In 1994 electricity in the Netherlands was mainly produced from natural gas (51%), coal (27%), oil (4%), Nuclear (4%) and other sources (3%) such as; municipal waste incineration, wind turbines, hydro power and photovoltaic cells.
	www.nationmaster.com /graph-T/ene_ele_pro (467 words)

	Department of Energy - Electricity generation from gas
		There is an increasing trend towards the use of natural gas in the generation of electricity.
		In particular, the policy's requirement that at least 13 percent of electricity sold in Queensland be from gas-fired generation has supported the development of the Swanbank E and Townsville Power Station gas-fired generators and encouraged a number of new gas-fired electricity generators to be proposed, including:
		a 1000 MW gas-fired baseload generator at the Spring Gully gas field, 80 km north of Roma, and adjacent to a new gas processing plant under construction as part of the Spring Gully coal seam gas operations.
	www.energy.qld.gov.au /electricity_generation_from_gas.cfm (229 words)

	UNIDO - Renewable Energy based Electricity generation for isolated mini-grids in Zambia: About the Project
		In spite of surplus hydropower availability, the electricity grid penetration is still very low about 20% of total population mostly in urban areas has access to electricity with a national grid that caters to only 2% of the households in rural areas.
		(a) establish isolated mini grids to provide electricity and energy services to rural households and communities that cannot be reached economically by the grid; and (b) link renewable electricity mini grids with income generation activities to accelerate rural industrial development.
		The project will identify, evaluate and prioritize the barriers preventing increased uses of renewable energy sources for the generation of electricity for isolated mini-grids, and to design activities for their reduction/removal.
	www.unido.org /doc/5256 (564 words)

	Electricity Today Magazine -- Issue 3, 2001
		Self generation capacity includes about 986 MW in the industrial sector, of which only 517 MW is actually operated due to costs, 400 MW with other utilities, and 120 MW with municipal electric utilities and the commercial sector.
		Ontario Power Generation's major fossil fuel plants were constructed during a period of high electricity demand when their output capacity was expected to be fully utilized.
		To meet demand in the face of declining nuclear generation with the shutdown of the Bruce A and Pickering A stations, fossil fuel generation increased between 1995 and 1999.
	www.electricity-today.com /et/issue0301/i03_fossil.htm (1512 words)

	[No title]
		The U.S. electricity industry is currently going through a period of electricity reformation and restructuring follows that of other major industrial sectors -- such as telecommunications, natural gas and financial services.
		Over the past year or so, in response to the Ontario government's announcement that the electricity market would be deregulated, a number of companies have announced new electricity generation projects here in Ontario.
		When added to the 2700 MWs of planned independent generation in Ontario, the 1700 MW that non-utility generators supply today, and the 4000 MW that can be brought into the province through interconnections with other jurisdictions, by this time next year Ontario could see up to 15,000 MW provided by other companies.
	www.electricity-today.com /et/apr00/randy.html (1717 words)

	EPA - Clean Energy - Electricity from MSW
		Medical wastes from hospitals and items that can be recycled are generally excluded from MSW used to generate electricity.
		The heat released from burning the MSW is used to produce steam, which turns a steam turbine to generate electricity.
		The average air emission rates in the United States from municipal solid waste-fired generation are: 2988 lbs/MWh of carbon dioxide, (it is estimated that the fossil fuel-derived portion of carbon dioxide emissions represent approximately one-third of the total carbon emissions) 0.8 lbs/MWh of sulfur dioxide, and 5.4 lbs/MWh of nitrogen oxides.
	www.epa.gov /cleanenergy/muni.htm (1033 words)

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