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	Rural Electrification Program
		One of the key interventions under DRUM Project would be to help development of alternative financing/lending mechanism to support broad distribution reforms in rural electrification.
		The Ministry of Power has nominated PFC as the Principal Financial Intermediary for the DRUM project and the Rural Electrification Corporation as the Primary Beneficiary under the RUS Participatory Agency Agreement component of the DRUM project.
		Based on the experience gathered during this visit, a draft outline of an alternative model for rural electrification has been proposed.
	www.drumindia.org /rep.asp (378 words)

	Electrification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A more specific usage of the word refers to the act or process of building the necessary infrastructure to supply electric power to homes and businesses, especially in rural and isolated areas or the changeover of a railway from in the past steam locomotives, but now most often diesel-powered locomotives to electric locomotives.
		The infrastructure required for electrification includes power plants, long haul transmission lines, substations and shorter transmission lines to the end user.
		In the United States, widespread rural electrification began with the establishment of the Rural Electric Administration (REA) in 1935 and its associated local Rural Electric Cooperatives.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electrification (152 words)

	Contact electrification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Contact electrification phenomenon allowed the construction of so-called 'frictional' electrostatic generators such as Ramsden's or Winter's machines, but it also led directly to the development of most modern electrical technology such as batteries, fuel cells, electroplating, thermocouples, and semiconductor junction devices including radio detector diodes, photocells, LEDs, and thermoelectric cells.
		Thus contact electrification leads to the invention of the diode or rectifier and triggers the revolution in Semiconductor electronics and physics.
		When light meets contact electrification, the light energy is changed directly into electrical energy, allowing creation of solar cells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Contact_electrification (669 words)

	CHAPTER 5. UNIVERSAL ELECTRIFICATION POLICY
		Electrification is a key to economic development and growth, a fact underscored by the international community’s use of the rate of electrification as a primary measurement of a country’s overall development.
		Electrification projects in remote and rural areas are by their very nature expensive and the populations they serve almost exclusively poor.
		Although the majority of the alternatives for encouraging rural electrification development are one form of subsidy or another, in the long-term subsidies are not healthy for a country and are not sustainable.
	www.oas.org /dsd/publications/Unit/oea79e/ch09.htm (8189 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Rural Electrification Administration
		Governor of New York Franklin Delano Roosevelt aggressively promoted rural electrification, and the New York Power Authority was created in 1931 to develop a substantial new source of inexpensive hydroelectric generating capacity along the St. Lawrence River (Brown, 1980, p.
		While Roosevelt clearly understood the benefits electrification would bring to the rural American economy, it was Morris L. Cooke who provided vision and leadership to rural electrification efforts under the New Deal.
		As markets further expand, and rural America is comparatively disadvantaged relative to suburban and urban regions, advocates are likely to call for federal initiatives to address the disparities that arise between rural and urban and suburban regions from market failures and disincentives to investment in new forms of infrastructure.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/malone.electrification.administration.rural (2111 words)

	Contact electrification by cavity QED
		Recently, a Two-step model [1] was proposed for contact electrification, the model asserting charge accumulation occurs by the combined sequence of contact and separation, the electron energy levels "jacked-up" during separation.
		Contact electrification in the interface between metals and insulators is similar to the nucleation and collapse of bubbles in water, in that both the interface and bubble form high frequency QED cavities.
		Nucleation and collapse of bubbles in water is discussed in Appendix A. In contact electrification, inhibited EM radiation from atoms in the interface is compensated by an increase in the Planck energy that by the photoelectric effect produces electrons in the metal and insulator surfaces.
	www.angelfire.com /super/cavityqed/contact.htm (2628 words)

	Photovoltaic Rural Electrification Possibilities in Indonesia and the Philippines
		The structure and regulation of the electricity sectors in Indonesia and the Philippines are one aspect of the inefficiencies in rural electrification further complicated by geographic conditions.
		The ultimate objective of conventional rural electrification is to unify the country in integrated grids to bring economies of scale in generation, distribution and management.
		The ultimate objective of conventional rural electrification is to unify the country in integrated grids to bring economies of scale in generation, distribution and management; PV systems for rural households in Indonesia and the Philippines would not impede this objective but rather assist its accomplishment by alleviating some of the current burden of cross subsidies.
	www.georgetown.edu /sfs/programs/stia/students/vol.02/weilands.htm (6386 words)

	Blood Electrification Encyclopedia Article @ NaturalResearch.org (Natural Research) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Blood electrification is a method of alternative medicine that is claimed to kill viruses, bacteria and other pathogens present in the blood using small amounts of electric current.
		Blood electrification was originally developed in 1990 by researchers William Lyman and Steven Kaali, who claimed to have observed that low electric current inactivated the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but did not affect human blood cells in a test tube.
		They patented an implantable electrical device to perform the blood electrification, and announced their findings in several magazines and newspapers, but did not publish any of their research.
	www.naturalresearch.org /encyclopedia/Blood_electrification (259 words)

	BayRail Alliance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Electrification would cut travel time between San Francisco and San Jose via Caltrain would be cut by seven minutes (9%) for local service and five minutes on express trains for up to 90 m.p.h.
		Electrification provides quick acceleration and deceleration, which is necessary for trains to run more frequently.
		Electrification would eliminate Caltrain's current 1% contribution to nitrogen oxide emissions in the region.
	bayrailalliance.org /caltrain/electrification/index.html (446 words)

	SIMULATION OF EARLY ELECTRIFICATION IN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC CLOUD MODEL
		Electrification is modeled by solving additional continuity equations for liquid and ice hydrometeor space charge densities and a Poisson equation for scalar electric potential.
		The later, mature stage of electrification, including the individual interflash recoveries, is more linear in character due to a relatively slowly varying microphysical charging current in the storm after ice contents become established.
		In addition to studying early electrification, we are presently using the new model to investigate lightning parameterizations and the variations of supercell electrical and lightning morphology across a spectrum of convective instability and wind shear values representing typical storm environments.
	www.nssl.noaa.gov /~ziegler/flash/ICAE99.html (1614 words)

	Solar Energy Electrification and Water Proyects CODESO
		Electrification and water of the community of Sharamentsa
		Electrification and drinking water of community of Chiwias
		Electrification and water of the community of Pampanal
	www.codeso.com /FVProyectEyA01E.html (383 words)

	The Ground Beneath Our Feet--Electrification
		Nonetheless, because of the high cost of electricity, cars and phones were far more common on farms than electricity; thirty-three percent of farms had a car and forty percent had a telephone, but less than ten percent had electric power by the end of the 1920s.
		He also felt that electrification was an important social program which could vastly improve rural Americans' lives as well as believed that rural electrification could become an important relief program given the amount of labor extending service to farms would require.
		This small, citizen-run organization, based in an isolated, one-street hamlet, was the catalyst for and the key player in the electrification of large sections of the Piedmont of Central Virginia.
	www.vahistory.org /electrification.html (3872 words)

	Rural Electrification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Another important aspect of rural electrification, which has prevailed for a number of years, is the need to amalgamate schemes that were constructed under the old policy into terms and conditions of the Rural Electrification Policy of 1993.
		With the continuing collaboration with the FEA in respect to rural electrification, a total of 68 grid extension schemes were commissioned under the programme.
		As part of the work that we carry out under the Government’s Rural Electrification Programme, the Department is also involved in the training of our rural communities especially in the operational and management aspects of schemes.
	www.fdoe.gov.fj /newfile2.htm (1280 words)

	Transportation Electrification, electric transit, electric railways - Light Rail Now
		Electrification of freight railway operations is widespread in Europe, including here in Germany, where an electric locomotive hauls a mixed freight through Cologne.
		Electrification of freight rail is only a part of what is needed to develop this modal shift.
		On the whole, it seems clear that electrification of transportation ought to be the leading economic and policy response to the advent of "Peak Oil".
	www.lightrailnow.org /features/f_lrt_2005-02.htm (3137 words)

	afrol News - Senegal strengthens rural electrification
		Rural electrification has been defined as a key sector to reduce poverty and increase rural living standards by the Dakar government.
		In 2001, the electrification rate in Senegal was 32 percent on a national level, but only 8 percent in rural areas, according to ASER.
		ASER found that rural electrification in Louga region would improve the living standards of the rural populations by getting electricity supply and creating business conditions for the trade, craft industry and livestock sectors.
	www.afrol.com /articles/14544 (546 words)

	Pantograph,Railroad,Railway,Electrification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		An electrification system for dedicated coal-hauling branchlines is described whose construction cost is roughly half that of conventional catenary electrification.
		Contact between the contact-wire and the collector-head is maintained by a tracking pantograph whose operation is absolutely compatible with conventional catenary electrification in all respects.
		A major uncertainty in cost estimations of railway electrification is the almost total lack of standardization.
	www.pages.drexel.edu /~garfinkm/PantoIntro.html (212 words)

	IEEE-USA Position Statement on Benefits of Increase Electrification
		For developed nations, electrification is a continuation of a natural evolutionary path of upgrading existing technological infrastructures.
		For developing nations, electrification offers a more revolutionary opportunity: a means to leapfrog from their current condition directly to an advanced technological state that contributes positively to advancing both their economic well-being and environmental sustainability.
		Overall energy savings and reduced emissions through the electrification of transportation is achieved when people switch from automobiles to electrically powered public transportation such as electric trolley buses, subways, electric shuttle buses, and trains.
	www.ieeeusa.org /policy/positions/electrification.asp (1753 words)

	- Call for electrification
		What is prohibitive is the first cost and an apparent generally ill-willing perception by decision-makers of "the wires" as adding to infrastruture unreliability and maintenance costs.
		Just so if electrification proponents continue to rely on "politics", not on factors how to improve everyone's business in the rail and utilities' industries.
		What is needed is lots of good ideas and pragmatic innovation for electrification, not just in technical detail, but also in business concepts.
	www.trainnet.org /dcforum/DCForumID26/41.html (968 words)

	The Challenge of Rural Energy Poverty in Developing Countries
		This demands clear thinking about how the benefits of rural electrification are distributed, how much consumers should pay for obtaining them, what criteria should be used in the selection of areas for electrification and supply technologies.
		Rural electrification programmes have typically concentrated on connecting rural villages and remote areas to a national grid often owned and operated by the public utility.
		Thailand is considered a success story and its grid-based rural electrification programme, which began in 1974, has increased the number of electrified villages from 20% to a current 98%.
	www.worldenergy.org /wec-geis/publications/reports/rural/an_evaluation_of_past_interventions/3_3.asp (2834 words)

	Cloud Electrification
		Sufficient charge must be generated and separated to supply the first lightning discharge within 10 to 15 minutes of the appearance of precipitation elements inside the cloud of radar detectable size, and to establish large-scale vertical electric fields of at least a few kilovolts per centimeter.
		There are many proposed cloud electrification mechanisms, and modeling has suggested that many are active during different phases of the cloud's life cycle.
		This suggests that electrification mechanisms involving the collision of particles are important.
	ucsub.colorado.edu /~bardeenc/atoc5600/main.html (3375 words)

	The Story of Blood Electrification
		She asked him about his experiments with Kaali regarding blood electrification and if she could obtain the treatment through them.
		He said he never heard of Dr. Kaali and he had no idea what she was talking about concerning blood electrification and then hung up on her.
		Bob was getting ready to give a talk at the Pasadena Health Expo that upcoming weekend and proceeded to explain to Roy what he had discovered with blood electrification.
	www.educate-yourself.org /be (1652 words)

	UNDP Kosovo - Housing and Electrification in Kosovo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The HEIK project has contributed to the recovery and future development of Kosovo by improving basic living conditions-housing, and power supply and distribution-thereby fostering an environment conducive to economic recovery, and creating a situation which will promote the return of refugees and displaced persons to their original communities.
		Training is provided to local contractors and counterparts involved in the housing reconstruction activities, in the areas of tendering, contract supervision and reconstruction techniques.
		In the electrification component, training is being provided to employees of ElectroKosovo in the maintenance and repair of the electrical distribution system.
	www.ks.undp.org /Projects/HEIK/heik.asp (887 words)

	Idle Reduction: Truck Stop Electrification
		Options for truck stop electrification include stand-alone systems that are owned and operated by the truck stop, and combined systems that require both on-board and off-board equipment.
		Truck stop electrification can reduce diesel emissions and save trucking companies the cost of fuel that would be used while idling.
		Costs to implement truck stop electrification vary depending on the company that installs the electrification technology and how the truck is modified.
	www.eere.energy.gov /cleancities/idle/truck_elec.html (587 words)

	7. Cloud Electrification
		Laboratory simulation of ice effects is particularly difficult as not only does particle impact and bounce occur, but the relative state of the surface of the two particles as determined by growth, evaporation, droplet freezing, defect structure and surface chemistry are all of potential importance.
		Yet cloud electrification is a very real phenomena, and ice particle interaction plays an important role.
		An experiment on frost electrification (Rydok and Williams 1991) showed that a precooled ice sphere frosted and became charged positively when exposed in a warm, moist environment.
	www.agu.org /revgeophys/hallet00/node7.html (987 words)

	Questions + Answers about blood electrification
		Yes, blood electrification delivers less current than the AMA approved TENS units, and the Pulser delivers only momentary pulses of a magnetic strength that is less than that of MRI (Magnetic Nuclear Resonance Imaging) body scanners.
		Life is full of possible risks and sometimes you fall and get hurt but the experts in life wisely choose their risks and enjoy such sweetness as a result of their choice and faith-filled venture into the unknown.
		Blood electrification can eliminate it temporarily from the bloodstream but it also needs to be eliminated from the intestines (their home base) which has been accomplished with the frequency of 464 hz (via Rife devices).
	www.altered-states.net /barry/newsletter133/beckq&a.htm (6317 words)

	Rural Electrification Act
		Executive Order 7037 and the Rural Electrification Act helped provide Americans living in rural areas with electricity for their homes and businesses.
		In 1937, the district's representative to the United States Congress stated that the Rural Electrification Act was bringing "much comfort and happiness" to his constituents.
		By 1939, thanks to the Rural Electrification Act, approximately fifty percent of Ohio's farmers lived in homes with electricity.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=1439 (225 words)

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