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Topic: Electrified railways

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	China second largest owner of electrified railways
		Electrified railways are more efficient and cleaner than those powered by coal or oil.
		Ministry of Railways (MOR) figures show that by the end of this month, China will have 49 electrified railways, accounting for 27 percent of the total and transporting 43 percent rail freight.
		China is expected to see its electrified railways reach 50,000 kilometers by 2020, according to the MOR.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /china/2006-10/03/content_701293.htm (220 words)

	Rail transport - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Like other forms of public transport, many railways are having to make considerable investment in order to meet new requirements for security in the face of recent terrorism incidents, for instance the Madrid train bombings of 11 March 2004.
		This was soon followed by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, which proved the viability of rail transport, with George Stephenson's famous Rocket steam locomotive.
		Railways soon spread throughout Britain and through the world, and became the dominant means of land transport for nearly a century, until the invention of aircraft and automobiles, which prompted a gradual decline in railways.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Railway (1831 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Economic Review: Electrified railways promise faster travel
		To launch the country's sixth round of railway speed-rises, the Ministry of Railways is working to electrify major lines to upgrade their speed to 200 km per hour.
		At 942 km, the Zhegan railway running between Hangzhou city in eastern Zhejiang Province and Zhuzhou city in the central-south Hunan Province, is the most vital east-west rail route south of Yangtze River, China's longest river.
		Under the program, China's total railway length is expected to extend from 74,000 to 85,000 km, of which, double tracked route mileage will be 35,000 km, and the electrified track routes will also account for 35,000 km by the year 2010.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /200604/12/eng20060412_257750.html (280 words)

	Railways. The World Factbook. 2003
		narrow gauge: 34 km 1.000-m gauge (28 km electrified); 424 km 0.760-m gauge (89 km electrified) (2002)
		narrow gauge: 88 km 1.000-m gauge (88 km electrified); 1,315 km 0.950-m gauge (189 km electrified) (2002)
		narrow gauge: 77 km 1.372-m gauge (77 km electrified); 19,855 km 1.067-m gauge (12,683 km electrified); 31 km 0.762-m gauge (31 km electrified) (2002)
	www.bartleby.com /151/fields/112.html (1726 words)

	PIB Press Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Indian Railways have electrified 16,614 route kilometres constituting about 26 per cent of total railway network of 63,180 route kilometres as on December 31, 2003.
		Of the total electrified routes, 2652 route kilometres were electrified during the last five years at a cost of Rs.
		Railway electrification enables haulage of heavier loads at higher speeds, provides reliable electric power supply to wayside railway stations, improves safety and enhances passenger amenities.
	pib.nic.in /release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=834 (135 words)

	Lords Hansard text for 8 Mar 2001 (210308-23)
		So in considering whether an electrified railway has a significant role to play in providing an alternative to the use of oil as a fuel, we must consider the provision of new rolling stock as well as the infrastructure.
		Railway electrification and the way in which it has been handled by successive governments is a topic which demonstrates more clearly than any other what were first the weaknesses of public ownership and are now the failures of privatisation.
		To electrify the line from Manchester to Liverpool by stealth would be another short line that would increase the amount of railway with electrified wires.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/ld200001/ldhansrd/vo010308/text/10308-23.htm (6357 words)

	Map & Graph: Countries by Transportation: Railways: Narrow gauge
		34 km 1.000-m gauge (28 km electrified); 422 km 0.760-m gauge (94 km electrified) (2004)
		77 km 1.372-m gauge (77 km electrified); 20,265 km 1.067-m gauge (13,227 km electrified); 11 km 0.762-m gauge (11 km electrified) (2004)
		123 km 1.000-m gauge (122 km electrified); 1,195 km 0.950-m gauge (158 km electrified) (2004)
	www.nationmaster.com /graph-B/tra_rai_nar_gau (432 words)

	Railway Electrification.
		Originally it was electrified at 50v dc but in 1884 this was increased to 160v dc with one of the running rails also acting as the live and the other as the return.
		Virtually the entire Swiss railway system is now electrified, mostly at 15,000v ac using overhead wires although a few routes use lower voltages and a handful still feature a three-phase ac system which requires the trains to collect power from twin overhead wires.
		In common with many overseas railways this line is partially unfenced - something which, on this visit in 1980, nearly cost me my life when I explored a siding that had rusty looking rails and believing it to be part of a closed railway nearly stepped onto the rails as I crossed the tracks.
	www.garden.force9.co.uk /Electtrn.htm (4659 words)

	Trackoff
		Electrified railways pose unique dangers to adults and children trespassing or misbehaving on the railways.
		Near electrified tracks there are warning signs that may come in a variety of forms.
		Despite the warning signs, adults and children have been killed or seriously burnt and scarred for life as a result of trespassing on electrified railway tracks.
	www.trackoff.org /map.html (351 words)

	Lithuanian Railways
		On the 1st of January, 1992 Lithuanian Railways was reorganized as a state enterprise.
		Lithuanian Railways became a member of OSJD on 1 June 1992 and a member of the UIC on 9 June 1992.
		The railway network density in Lithuania is 3.1 km per 100 km2, with 5.4 km of track per 10,000 inhabitants.
	www.randburg.com /li/lithrailways.html (407 words)

	News & Views - China to Spend Altogether 347 Billion Yuan on Western Railways and Roads (10/11/2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Ministry of Railways will help the western regions to have 25,000 km of railways by the year 2005, with 11,400 km in the southwest, he said.
		By the end of last year, there were 10,000 km of railways in operation in the southwest, accounting for 15 percent of the nation's total.
		The lengthen of electrified railways in southwest China now reaches 4,600 km, doubling the average level of the country.
	www.chinahouston.org /news/20011011091952.html (318 words)

	RAO VSM - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The book was published by the order of the Petersburg State Railway Transport University under sponsorship of the Eastern-Siberian, the Gorkovskaya, the Western-Siberean, the Krasnoyarskaya, the Kouibyshevskaya, the Moskovskaya, the Oktyabrskaya, the Privolzhskaya, the Northern-Caucasian, the South-Eastern, the South-Uralskaya Railways and the Baltic Building Company (St.Petersburg).
		RAO VSM by the order of the October Railway developed design documentation and organized the production of electric trains with high level of comfort ET2L which are intended to organize speedy non-stop runs on the distance of about 200 km.
		By estimation of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2010 the demand of Russian railways in "SOKOL" trains is 70-90 sets of 12-car trains.
	www.vsm.ru /e_news.htm (2090 words)

	Interurbans
		The electric railway for local transport in small-town and rural areas existed in the United States between 1890 and 1940, flourishing between 1900 and 1930.
		Urban electric railways and electrified steam railways are quite a different matter, and have persisted, of course.
		The usual term for the local electric railways is "interurban," which is, strictly, a misnomer, since their aim was not to connect cities, but to serve the countryside.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/railway/trolley.htm (13488 words)

	Italy - General Information
		Private railways are not shown on the “In Treno” diagram and there are serious errors in the “Pozzo” one.
		However, the original railways were very slow, due to sharp curves and steep gradients.
		Private railways may use the FS station, but often have their own platforms and booking office (sometimes private railway tickets are obtained from the station bar or café).
	www.steane.com /egtre/it_info.htm (2299 words)

	Reference: Model Railway Language
		One of the first steps in building a model railway is to read and read and read to gather information.
		On models of modern electrified railways should be so equipped, but in most instances the overhead is only a cosmetic feature.
		Two-rail - The common system of current collection on model railways, where the rails are insulated one from another and the current fed to each rail.
	www.totalmodel.com /workshop/pages/workshop_295.shtml (1144 words)

	TRACTION3
		The standard that has emerged for AC electrified railways is 25000V (25kV) at 50 Hz, however this is too high for direct use on a locomotive or EMU.
		On DC electrified railways it has not generally been practical to return it to the National Grid (although inverting supply substations are now possible with high power semiconductors), but it can be used by other trains that are motoring.
		On AC electrified railways, regeneration is more complex since a 50 Hz AC waveform needs to be created and hence this has only become practical with the advent of the force commutated bridge.
	www.twoof.freeserve.co.uk /TRACTION3.htm (2829 words)

	Jaybird10
		Street railways using electric motive power (rather than the traditional horse or mule, or the more costly and cumbersome cable) had reached the experimental stage in 1886.
		The notoriety of Sprague's achievement naturally drew street railway investors to Richmond from all across the country to assess whether the new technology could be adapted to their own railway lines.
		With respect to the design of entire railway systems, the Johnson Company was responsible for lines built for as many as 94 separate street railway companies, including more than a dozen cable roads, three inclines, and several elevated steam railroads.
	www.pitt.edu /~zander/Jaybird10.htm (2963 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Railways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		narrow gauge: 34 km 1.000-m gauge (28 km electrified); 422 km 0.760-m gauge (94 km electrified) (2004)
		narrow gauge: 77 km 1.372-m gauge (77 km electrified); 20,265 km 1.067-m gauge (13,227 km electrified); 11 km 0.762-m gauge (11 km electrified) (2004)
		note: none of the railways are in operation because of the civil war (2004)
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/fields/2121.html (1343 words)

	Trainspotting Bükkes [interoperability - History of electrified railways in Czechia]
		In the year 2003 the 100th anniversary of the first electrified railway in the Czechia will be celebrated.
		The first electrified railway on the area of the Czech republic was line from Tábor to Bechynì.
		In Slovakia the first electric railway was opened in 1908 on the narrow gauge line from Poprad to Stary Smokovec, prolonged to Tatranska Lomnica and Strbské Pleso and also reconstructed to DC electric system 1500 V (originally 550 V DC) in 1911-12.
	www.bueker.net /trainspotting/voltage_czechia.php?print=print (832 words)

	Browsing the inventory of Capricorn Books by catalog: Trains & Railways
		"Railway stations are of great interest for their variety of styles and architectural designs, as well as for their historical aspects, many of which had pioneered the opening up of new communities in the past...One.
		In spite of the Southern Railway's electrification policy, the Southern Branch line was the one place where steam could be seen with a variety of motive power before the coming of the diesel multiple units.
		The Craig and Mertonford Railway exists in its builders fertile imagination and, in part, to a scale of 4mm to the foot in P.D. Hancock's bedroom.
	www.biblio.com /browse_books/catalog/20674/741.html (5070 words)

	People's Daily Online Transport
		From 1990 to 2001, an annual average of some 1,092 km of new railways, 837 km of multiple-tracked railways and 962 km of electrified railways were open to traffic.
		By the end of 2003, operating railways in China had reached 73,100 km, including 23,700 km of multiple-tracked railways and 18,500 km of electrified railways.
		At present, with 6 percent of the total operating railways in the world, Chinese railways carry some 25 percent of the world's total railway workload, making China one of the countries with the largest rail transport volume.
	english.people.com.cn /data/China_in_brief/Economy/Transport.html (575 words)

	TTDPatch Manual
		With this switch, the second track system (monorail) is replaced by electrified railways.
		This electrified rail system works the same way as the regular track, and the track itself looks the same.
		If turned on, electric engines such as the SH 40 can only run on electrified track, but steam and diesel engines can run on both regular and electrified track.
	www.ttdpatch.net /Manual/Electrified-Railways.html (178 words)

	Brazil Railways - Transportation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		broad gauge: 4,907 km 1.600-m gauge (942 km electrified)
		narrow gauge: 23,915 km 1.000-m gauge (581 km electrified)
		This entry states the total route length of the railway network and of its component parts by gauge: broad, standard, narrow, and dual.
	www.indexmundi.com /brazil/railways.html (69 words)

	Sbb Cff Ffs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		As of 1999 Swiss Federal Railways is officially a private company or AG (Aktiengesellschaft - stock company) which is wholly owned by the Swiss Federal Government and the Swiss Cantons.
		The Federal Railways operate 3069km of standard gauge track, 2928km of which is electrified at 15kV 16.2/3Hz, and 74km of narrow gauge (1000mm) track (between Lucerne and Interlaken) also electrified at 15kV 16.2/3Hz.
		Swiss Federal Railways is known by its acronyms in the three principal languages of Switzerland:
	www.wikiverse.org /sbb-cff-ffs (285 words)

	TTDPatch Wiki : ElectrifiedRailways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		With this switch, the second track system (monorail) is replaced by electrified railways.
		This electrified rail system works the same way as the regular track, and the track itself looks the same.
		Because of the way electrified rail system is implemented, when this switch is off you should not load games that were saved when this switch was on or vice versa.
	wiki.ttdpatch.net /tiki-index.php?page=ElectrifiedRailways (277 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook 2002 -- Field Listing - Railways
		narrow gauge: 33.9 km 1.000-m gauge (28.1 km electrified); 497.1 km 0.760-m gauge (94 km electrified) (2001 est.)
		narrow gauge: 117 km 1.067-m gauge (28 km electrified); 3,754 km 1.000-m gauge (37 km electrified) (2000 est.)
		narrow gauge: 113 km 1.000-m gauge (113 km electrified); 912 km 0.950-m gauge (192 km electrified) (2001)
	www.faqs.org /docs/factbook/fields/2121.html (2771 words)

	American Railway Electrification Schemes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The PRR electrified the North East Corridor and related routes amounting to 759 route miles.
		In 1906 the PRR further electrified 3rd rail from Penn Station, NY to Harrison, NJ for a distance of 13 route miles.
		Map of the PRR electrified territory as of January 1946.
	www.users.zetnet.co.uk /lexcie/us-electric.htm (2906 words)

	Video DVD 104 The Austrian Railways Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Magnificent and colorful program closely examining the Austrian Federal railways on their 150th anniversary jubilee year, with special focus on several steam lines and celebrations.
		Special care and interest is devoted to the breathtaking Austrian landscape, from its charming mountain villages to its beautiful gothic and baroque cultural centers.
		The final segment of the program is devoted to a fascinating and unprecedented parade of steam and electric trains passing review in front of enthusiastic crowds at Strasshof, with vintage machines dating as far back as the last century.
	tee-usa.com /cat-104.html (164 words)

	CHINABUSINESS BLIEB: China becomes second largest owner of electrified railways
		CHINABUSINESS BLIEB: China becomes second largest owner of electrified railways
		China becomes second largest owner of electrified railways
		Based on the keyword(s) Russia, China, electrified rail, Ministry of Railways the following relations were found:
	chinabusiness.blieb.nl /article/chinabusiness_14631/China_becomes_second_largest_owner_of_electrified_railways.html (525 words)

	OUTFO - Field Listing - Railways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		narrow gauge: 117 km 1.067-m gauge (28 km electrified); 3,754 km 1.000-m gauge (37 km electrified) (2000)
		narrow gauge: 112 km 1.000-m gauge (112 km electrified); 1,211 km 0.950-m gauge (153 km electrified) (1998)
		narrow gauge: 89.8 km 1.372-m gauge (89.8 km electrified); 20,656.8 km 1.067-m gauge (10,383.6 km electrified); 31 km 0.762-m gauge (3.6 km electrified) (1994)
	outfo.org /almanac/world_factbook_01/fields/railways.html (2618 words)

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