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Topic: Electroconvulsive therapy

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	The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program: Electroconvulsive Therapy
		Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for severe mental illness in which a brief application of electric stimulus is used to produce a generalized seizure.
		As often occurs with new therapies, ECT was used for a variety of disorders, frequently in high doses and for long periods.
		Electroconvulsive therapy is the most controversial treatment in psychiatry.
	consensus.nih.gov /1985/1985ElectroconvulsiveTherapy051html.htm (5003 words)

	Canadian Psychiatric Association - Position Papers (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Electroconvulsive therapy remains an important part of the therapeutic armamentarium in contemporary psychiatric practice.
		For the purposes of the CPA, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is defined as a medical procedure in which a brief electrical stimulus is used to induce a cerebral seizure under controlled conditions.
		Technicai problems with pharmacological convulsive therapy and the extremely uncomfortable sensations that conscious patients experienced pre-ictally, were the motivation for experimentation with other means of inducing seizures.
	www.cpa-apc.org /Publications/Position_Papers/Therapy.asp (5441 words)

	Electroconvulsive Therapy Benefits and Side Effects
		Electroconvulsive therapy was found to work very well patients suffered from major depression regardless the age.
		When electroconvulsive therapy was given without tranquillization, the incidence and severity of post-operative agitation and of side effects were significantly greater in those patients with a high level of anxiety before treatment.
		Electroconvulsive therapy combined with pharmacotherapy is found to be safe and effective with non-enduring subjective memory difficulty for the drug treatment resistant group of psychotic patients.
	www.zhion.com /Device/Electroconvulsive_Therap.html (2307 words)

	electroconvulsive therapy - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY [electroconvulsive therapy] in psychiatry, treatment of mood disorders by means of electricity; the broader term "shock therapy" also includes the use of chemical agents.
		Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Primer for Mental Health Counselors.
		Use of electroconvulsive therapy with children: an overview and case report.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-electroc-th.html (439 words)

	Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
		Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a procedure that uses an electrical current to stimulate the brain to release chemicals, called neurotransmitters, that improve mood.
		People suffering from severe depression may be treated with electroconvulsive therapy when their depression is placing their own lives or the lives of others in danger.
		When controlled during electroconvulsive therapy, the seizure causes the brain to release chemicals that have a positive effect on the mood of a person with severe depression.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /healthinfo/e/ect.htm (655 words)

	Electroconvulsive therapy Encyclopedia of Medicine - Find Articles
		The purpose of electroconvulsive therapy is to provide relief from the signs and symptoms of mental illnesses such as severe depression, mania, and schizophrenia.
		The treatment of severe mental illness such as schizophrenia using electroconvulsive therapy was introduced in 1938 by two Italian doctors named Cerletti and Bini.
		Electroconvulsive therapy is among the most controversial of all procedures used to treat mental illness.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0004/ai_2601000467 (1033 words)

	Electroconvulsive therapy yields new brain cells
		Electroconvulsive therapy, previously known as “electric shock treatment” is a method that can help patients combat severe depressions that no other treatment can alleviate.
		Electroconvulsive therapy also increases the production of blood vessel cells (endothelial cells) and the number of blood vessels in the relevant parts of the brain.
		In the case of electroconvulsive therapy, moreover, it seems largely to be a matter of fleeting disturbances of the most immediate memories.
	innovations-report.com /html/reports/medicine_health/report-49063.html (434 words)

	Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
		Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most misunderstood treatments for depression.
		While it is generally used only in severe or life-threatening cases where medication and therapy haven't worked, ECT can be effective.
		Unlike medications and therapy, ECT tends to have an immediately positive effect on mood, which is why it can be so helpful for those at risk of suicide.
	www.depression.com /electroconvulsive_therapy.html (204 words)

	Electroconvulsive Therapy Information on Healthline
		Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medical treatment for severe mental illness in which a small, carefully controlled amount of electricity is introduced into the brain.
		In those days many doctors believed that convulsions were incompatible with schizophrenia since, according to their obervations, this disease rarely occurred in individuals suffering from epilepsy.
		Some doctors were already using a variety of chemicals to produce seizures, but many of their patients died or suffered severe injuries because the strength of the convulsions could not be well controlled.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/electroconvulsive-therapy-1 (1090 words)

	Electroconvulsive Therapy
		Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure in which a brief application of electric current to the brain, through the scalp, induces a seizure.
		ECT is one of the fastest ways to relieve symptoms in severely depressed or suicidal patients, in patients who suffer from mania, and in other mental illnesses.
		ECT is generally used as a last resort when severe depression is unresponsive to other forms of therapy, or when the patient is so ill that his or her life is in danger.
	clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/2200/2280.asp?index=9302 (566 words)

	Electroconvulsive Therapy
		At the time of the near simultaneous introduction of convulsive therapy and other physical treatments, such as insulin coma therapy and psychosurgery, the predominant view in biological psychiatry was that the major forms of mental illness were due to degenerative brain diseases, unyielding to therapeutic intervention.
		Electroconvulsive therapy is a highly ritualized treatment, involving a complex, repeatedly administered procedure that is accompanied by high expectations of therapeutic success.
		Electroconvulsive therapy is often described as safer than classical antidepressant medications, particularly among the frail elderly.
	www.acnp.org /g4/gn401000108/ch106.html (13680 words)

	Free Essays - Electroconvulsive Therapy
		After researching electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), I have decided that if a close family member or even myself were severely depressed I would not support the use of ECT.
		Electroconvulsive therapy consists of an electrical shock, which is used to produce a seizure.
		In understanding what electroconvulsive therapy is I can conclude this treatment is not something I would be interested in.
	www.freeessays.tv /a295.htm (665 words)

	Video: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): One woman's journey - MayoClinic.com
		But for others, the answer may be electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT.
		Narrator: There are many misconceptions about ECT, but the facts are that it's the gold standard therapy for severe depression, it does not hurt, it's very safe, and ECT works faster and often better than most medications, with fewer side effects.
		Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): Treating severe depression and mental illness
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/electroconvulsive-therapy/MM00606 (403 words)

	Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
		Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure used to treat severe depression.
		It may be used in people with symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, or suicidal thoughts or when other treatments such as psychotherapy and antidepressant medications have not worked.
		ECT is usually given in combination with medication, psychotherapy, family therapy, and behavioral therapy.
	www.everettclinic.com /kbase/topic/detail/other/ty1541/detail.htm (484 words)

	Electroconvulsive therapy : ECT (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Electroconvulsive therapy, also known as electroshock or ECT, is a type of psychiatric shock therapy involving inducing an artificial seizure in a patient by passing electricity through the brain.
		It is typically used to treat bipolar disorder and severe depression in cases where talk therapy and drug treatment have proven ineffective.
		There is much debate both within the field of psychiatry and among the general public as to the utility of electroconvulsive therapy.
	www.termsdefined.net /ec/ect.html (796 words)

	Electroconvulsive therapy - Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy, ECT.
		When rapid lifting of the depression is deemed necessary to prevent suicide, electroconvulsive therapy may be a treatment of choice.
		In studies of people treated with electroconvulsive therapy it has been found that 80% of such people report that they were helped by the treatments.
		Generally speaking ECT is used as a 'last resort', especially on children and adolescents, and only after all other first-line therapies and treatments have failed to help.
	www.depression-guide.com /electroconvulsive-therapy.htm (887 words)

	American Psychiatric Association
		Electroconvulsive Therapy, more commonly known as "ECT," is a medical treatment performed only by highly skilled health doctors and nurses under the direct supervision of a psychiatrist, who is a medical doctor trained in diagnosing and treating mental illnesses.
		Electroconvulsive therapy is generally used with severely depressed patients when other forms of therapy--such as medications or psychotherapy--have not been effective, cannot be tolerated, or (in life-threatening cases) will not help the patient quickly enough.
		Psychiatrists are very selective in their use of electroconvulsive therapy.
	www.psych.org /research/apire/training_fund/clin_res/index.cfm (1543 words)

	Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) - NLP, Hypnosis, Hypnotherapy, Counselling in Chichester, West Sussex, UK (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After multiple sessions of ECT, a patient has symptoms identical to a retired, punch-drunk boxer…After a few sessions of ECT the symptoms are those of moderate cerebral contusion, and further enthusiastic use of ECT may result in the patient functioning at a subhuman level.
		Electroconvulsive therapy in effect may be defined as a controlled type of brain damage produced by electrical means.
		Now, as Belinda, her marriage is reasonably stable.' Tien calls this method ELT, explaining that E is for electricity, L is for love, and T is for therapy.
	www.23nlpeople.com /ECT.html (1453 words)

	History and Use: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Program at University Hospital, Newark, New Jersey
		Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), called “shock treatment” by some, is an extremely safe and effective medical treatment for certain psychiatric disorders.
		With this treatment, a small amount of electricity is applied to the scalp, producing a seizure in the brain.
		ECT is particularly useful when patients have not responded to other treatments, when other treatments appear to be less safe or difficult to tolerate, when patients have responded well to ECT in the past, or when psychiatric or medical considerations make it particularly important that patients recover rapidly.
	www.theuniversityhospital.com /ect/history.htm (308 words)

	Electroconvulsive Therapy
		Electroshock therapy, or Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), is a "medical procedure in which a brief electrical stimulus is used to induce a cerebral seizure under controlled conditions" (4) In this paper I will look at the history of ECT and examine why there is so much controversy surrounding this treatment.
		The early abuses of electroconvulsive therapy where patients were shocked up to 12 times a day in an effort to regressing the patient to "an infantile state·[to allow] restructuring his or her behavior" (5) undoubtedly left an appalling vision of this therapy in patients and their families.
		The risks involved with electroconvulsive therapy, such as memory loss, may be more frightening than risks associated with pharmacological treatments; however, when quick improvement must be made, or when other alternatives have failed, electroconvulsive therapy should be considered.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /bb/neuro/neuro00/web2/Hollander.html (1987 words)

	Psychiatry's Electroconvulsive Shock Treatment (ECT): A Crime Against Humanity
		One way ECT achieves its effects is the victims of this supposed therapy change their behavior, display of emotion, and expressed ideas for the purpose of avoiding being tortured and destroyed by the "therapy".
		This brain damage includes cerebral hemorrhages (abnormal bleeding), edema (excessive accumulation of fluid), cortical atrophy (shrinkage of the cerebral cortex, or outer layers of the brain), dilated perivascular spaces in the brain, fibrosis (thickening and scarring), gliosis (growth of abnormal tissue), and rarefied and partially destroyed brain tissue.
		Sidney Sament, a neurologist, describes ECT this way: "Electroconvulsive therapy in effect may be defined as a controlled type of brain damage produced by electrical means.
	www.antipsychiatry.org /ect.htm (4287 words)

	Electroconvulsive Therapy
		Richard D. Weiner, M.D., Ph.D. Andrew D. Krystal, M.D. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the use of electrically induced seizures for therapeutic purposes.
		With the arrival of pharmacoconvulsive therapy in Italy in the mid-1930s, the neuropsychiatrist and epileptologist Ugo Cerletti was struck both by its efficacy and by the technical difficulties involved in generating a seizure.
		By using an electrical stimulus to produce the seizure, a technique that he and others had developed as an experimental model of grand mal epilepsy, Cerletti and his colleague, Lucio Bini, developed this new “electroconvulsive” therapy, which offered a more controlled and reliable means of seizure induction (Endler 1988).
	www.health.am /psy/more/electroconvulsive_therapy (777 words)

	ScienceDaily: Electroconvulsive Therapy Improves Mood, Quality Of Life (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Electroconvulsive Therapy Improves Quality Of Life For At Least Six Months (February 16, 2006) -- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) -- shock treatment -- improves quality of life in patients with major depression, and that improved quality of life continues for six months, according to a report in...
		Magnetic Stimulation May Be As Effective As Electroconvulsive Therapy In Treating Severe Depression (February 6, 2002) -- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, or rTMS, which delivers brief but intense magnetic pulses to the brain, may be as effective as traditional electroconvulsive therapy in treating severe...
		Craniosacral Therapy is the most practical, comprehensive textbook in this rapidly growing field of therapy involving the cranial bones, meningeal membranes, cerebrospinal fluids, and whole-body...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/11/041104011942.htm (1764 words)

	Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Conquer Treatment Resistant Depression
		Unfortunately, there is a strong stigma associated with Electroconvulsive Therapy because early treatments used large electrical currents that caused strong muscular contractions that sometimes caused injury (broken bones or dislocated joints).
		Electroconvulsive Therapy is a shock treatment that induces a grand mal seizure in the brain.
		In Electroconvulsive Therapy, electrical stimulation of the brain causes a massive discharge of the nervous pathways in the brain, resulting in a grand mal seizure (similar to an epileptic seizure), temporarily altering the chemical makeup of the brain.
	www.vagusnervestimulation.com /topics/ect.cfm (1131 words)

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