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Topic: Electrodeposition

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	Electrochemistry Encyclopedia --- Electroplating
		Electrodeposition is the process of producing a coating, usually metallic, on a surface by the action of electric current.
		By now it should be evident that electrodeposition or electroplating should be defined as the process in which the deposit of a (usually) thin layer (of metal) is formed "electrolyticly" upon a substrate (that is often, but not always, also a metal).
		Electrodeposition or electrochemical deposition (of metals or alloys) involves the reduction of metal ions from aqueous, organic, or fused salt electrolytes.
	electrochem.cwru.edu /ed/encycl/art-e01-electroplat.htm (4222 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5069767 - Method of electrodeposition coating, and water-base paint resin composition - December 3, 1991
		When a film electrodeposited from an aqueous electrodeposition coating bath comprising the so prepared aqueous dispersion of the functional group-containing resin is heated, water is volatilized and the resin is melted.
		Electrodeposition may generally be carried out at a voltage of 50 to 500 V for a period of 30 seconds to 5 minutes.
		After an electrodeposited film of a required thickness is obtained, the article is dried by a suitable method in a baking oven or an infrared heater, for example, at a temperature of 80.degree.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5069767.html (4240 words)

	Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials Using Template-Assisted Electrodeposition
		The nucleation of nanostructures on the electrode substrate during electrodeposition is influenced by the crystal structure of the substrate, specific free surface energy, adhesion energy, lattice orientation of the electrode surface, and crystallographic lattice mismatch at the nucleus-substrate interface boundary.
		Although the formation of nuclei on such stainless-steel templates during electrodeposition of palladium was easy, subsequent growth of nuclei on top of the oxide ridge at the grain boundaries of the steel substrate was slow compared to that of the nuclei at the grain interior.
		Electrodeposition is highly influenced by the surface characteristics of the electrode substrate, and the shape and size of the deposit depend on the substrate.
	www.tms.org /pubs/journals/JOM/0401/Bera-0401.html (3101 words)

	Resin dispersion for cationic electrodeposition and cationic electrodeposition coating composition including the same - ...
		a resin disperson of a cationic electrodeposition; and
		Since electrodeposition coating has a good efficiency in application and a high corrosion-resistance and can minimize an environmental contamination because of employing water as a solvent, it is widely used for primer coating of cars, household electric appliances, and industrial machines when comparing with a brush coating or a spray coating.
		Even when a cationic electrodeposition coating composition is prepared by employing the aqueous dispersion of the cationic electrodeposition resin of the present invention along with the conventional pigment paste composition, the corrosion resistance is improved and the amount of the organic solvent used can be reduced.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6743837.html (6100 words)

	Preparation of lead-zirconium-titanium film and powder by electrodeposition - Patent 5462647
		Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrodeposition process wherein PZT powders so produced are recovered either from the electrode-substrate by ultrasonic vibration, for example, or from the bath as a precipitate which has peeled from the electrode-substrate.
		PZT films and powders produced by electrodeposition according to the present invention are mixed on an atomic scale and exhibit superior reactivity for subsequent electronic applications apparent to the skilled artisan.
		While an illustrative and presently preferred embodiment of the invention has been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that the inventive concepts may be otherwise variously embodied and employed and that the appended claims are intended to be construed to include such variations except insofar as limited by the prior art.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5462647.html (2577 words)

	Electrodeposition and electrophoretic deposition
		Electrodeposition involves plating of metals or alloys from a solution of salts and is most suited to thin film deposition.
		The main application for electrodeposition is the growth of photovoltaic semiconductor thin films on conductive glass substrates.
		The main applications for electrophoretic deposition are the fabrication of ion-conductive ceramic tubes and plates for batteries and other electrochemical cells and the formation of thin ion-conductive ceramic membranes for solid oxide fuel cells.
	www.ionotec.com /electrodeposition-f.htm (331 words)

	Ceramic Films Using Cathodic Electrodeposition
		Electrodeposition offers rigid control of film thickness, uniformity, and deposition rate and is especially attractive owing to its low equipment cost and starting materials.
		Due to the use of an electric field, electrodeposition is particularly suited for the formation of uniform films on substrates of complicated shape, impregnation of porous substrates, and deposition on selected areas of the substrates.
		The results of titania and zirconia electrodeposition indicate that the deposits remains amorphous up to ~300-350°C. At higher temperatures, crystallization of nanostructured titania and zirconia was observed (Figures 5 and 6).
	www.tms.org /pubs/journals/JOM/0001/Zhitomirsky/Zhitomirsky-0001.html (3786 words)

	Electrodeposition coating composition (US5422222)
		A represents a carboxylic acid ester linkage, in a molecule and; or a photosensitive compound obtained by reacting a polyfunctional amino compound with o-benzoquinonediazidesulfonic acid chloride or o-naphthoquinonediazidesulfonic acid chloride, and (B) a water-soluble or water-dispersible resin having a salt-forming group.
		Said composition is suitable for forming a printed wiring photoresist by coating an electrically conductive material-clad laminated plate by electrodeposition to form a smooth film whose portion exposed to actinic rays such as ultraviolet light through a positive photomask can be washed away with a developing solution.
		A positive-type photosensitive electrodeposition coating composition comprising an admixture of
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US05422222__ (492 words)

	Bristol University Physics - Department of Physics - Electrodeposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		We specialize in the electrodeposition of metal nanostructures and the study of their physical properties, both structural and electronic.
		We also study fundamental aspects of the electrodeposition process itself, especially the early stages of nucleation and growth, and the origin and evolution of surface roughness.
		We have considerable experience and expertise in the fields of multilayer and template electrodeposition and are always happy to hear from researchers in industry or academia who are interested in collaborative work.
	www.phy.bris.ac.uk /groups/electrodeposition/index.html (103 words)

	Laboratory of Electrodeposition of Metals
		Mechanisms of electrodeposition and formation of structure of metals and composite coatings metal-inorganic compound onto light, hard alloys and vacuum evaporated metal substrates.
		Electrodeposition of composite coatings of tin-disperse phase hydroxylapatite Ca (OH)+Ca to modify surfaces of metal implants.
		Electrodeposition and properties of thin layers of Co-W alloy amorphous to X-ray diffraction, and composite (Co-W)-hydroxylapatite to modify surfaces of materials.
	www.nki.lv /Eng/Metal.htm (595 words)

	Nanolithographic Write, Read, and Erase via Reversible Nanotemplated Nanostructure Electrodeposition on ...
		The cross-section analysis of the pattern reveals that the Ag nanostructure is removed at 0.56 V. Evidence for desorption of the SAM was not observed.
		We have demonstrated the fabrication of sub-50-nm-scale Ag nanostructures via a combination of nanoshaving and electrodeposition, as illustrated by the creation of a 25 nm wide nanotemplate (Figure 3A) in which a Ag nanowire (Figure 3B) is formed by applying 0.36 V for 1 min.
		Ag electrodeposition in the nanotemplate was not observed until the application of overpotential.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/sample.cgi/langd5/2006/22/i04/html/la052489l.html (3266 words)

	Electrodeposition Apparatus for Alpha Spectroscopy
		Electrodeposition systems are available with 4, 6 or 12 stations depending on the number of samples you are processing.
		The electrodeposition cells are constructed from 20 ml polyethylene liquid scintillation vials with the bottom removed.
		The standard cap is replaced with a cap which has a hole in the top for contact to the electrode.
	www.owt.com /seltech/products/ep_alpha.htm (236 words)

	Electrodeposition of Strong Glassy Metals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This process was developed to enable the fabrication of lightweight, high-quality x-ray mirrors that do not undergo unacceptably large distortions when differential thermal contraction upon cooling is used to release the mirror deposits from their electrodeposition mandrels.
		This process supplants an older pure-nickel electrodeposition process where it was necessary to form relatively thick deposits in order to make them strong enough to resist distortion in the presence of stresses imparted during release.
		The process is based on the concept of selecting the composition of a plating bath and controlling the electric-current density to tailor the alloy composition and the level of stress in the electrodeposit.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Nov00/MFS31377.html (458 words)

	Electrodeposition and Characterisation of Magnetic Multilayered Nanostructures
		The aim of this work is to use a combination of lithography techniques and the electrodeposition technique to fabricate novel sub-micron structures for the potential application as magnetic field sensing devices.
		A computer controlled potentiostatic electrodeposition system has been established at MTM and is used to fabricate various multilayered structures from a single electrolyte.
		By electrodepositing onto a semiconductor substrate a new “spin-valve device” was fabricated [1].
	www.mtm.kuleuven.ac.be /Research/SURF/webka.htm (910 words)

	ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ALLOYS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In addition, we expect to add to the science base for the electrodeposition of these metals.
		Demonstrated the electrodeposition of zinc on 1010 steel.
		We have demonstrated that zinc and tin can be electrodeposited on a 10 cm x 15 cm coupon of 1010 steel within the thickness and variability limits put forth by the continuous strip plating industry.
	www.metallurgy.nist.gov /techactv1995/electrodepo.html (322 words)

	Electrochemical Materials Home Page
		Electrodeposition of metallic multilayers: There is currently considerable interest in the preparation of these materials as they often exhibit enhanced mechanical and magnetic properties.
		Electrodeposition of shape-memory alloys: Certain alloys of titanium, gold, and copper exhibit shape-memory behavior, and this property can be exploited to manufacture microvalves, actuators and other devices.
		Electrodeposition of gold on to semiconductor wafers: This work involves the electrodeposition of gold on to patterned lithium niobate wafers for use in integrated optical devices.
	www.staff.ncl.ac.uk /s.roy/echem.html (641 words)

	Aqueous electrodeposition of rare earth and transition metals (US6306276)
		The present invention relates to the electrodeposition of transition metal and rare earth alloys from aqueous solutions to form thin films.
		The present invention which comprises the preparation of suitable mixtures of water soluble compounds containing the desired transition metal (TM) and rare earth (RE) elements, establishing appropriate bath conditions and applying specific current densities across the bath solution to cause a film with the desired properties to be deposited on a target substrate.
		Alkaline baths and methods for electrodeposition of palladium and palladium alloys
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06306276__ (325 words)

	Electrodeposition - The Materials Science of Coatings and Substrates
		Electrodeposition - The Materials Science of Coatings and Substrates
		Electrodeposition allows the "tailoring" of surface properties of a bulk material or, in the case of electroforming, the entire part.
		For this reason and for the possibilities that exist in terms of "new materials" for a variety of applications, a thorough understanding of the materials science of electrodeposition is of utmost importance.
	www.knovel.com /knovel2/Toc.jsp?BookID=526 (107 words)

	Bristol University - Department of Physics - Electrodeposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Our optics laboratory is used for in-situ studies of electrodeposited thin films.
		We measure stress by laser beam deflection, investigate magnetic properties using the Kerr effect, and study film growth by oblique incidence reflectivity difference measurements.
		Computer control permits the electrodeposition of magnetic nanostructures with layer thicknesses down to a few times the diameter of a single atom.
	www.phy.bris.ac.uk /groups/electrodeposition/facilities.html (207 words)

	MicroFab: Microfabrication through Electrodeposition
		The goal of the two week stay was to duplicate the results described in the patent, develop some improved control software for running the experiment and try to improve the control of deposition, especially along horizontal surfaces.
		The general approach is to use a fine-tipped probe in an electroplating solution to locally electrodeposit metals out of the solution to form microstructures.
		Microfabrication using electrodeposition is an inexpensive process using simple equipment, low power levels and relatively benign materials such as nickel sulfamate.
	www.thefirst.org /jefft/microfab/index.html (2510 words)

	Valving in Microchannels via Electrodeposition on Solid Electrolytes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The electrodeposit can extend for several hundred microns if the electrolyte is fed with silver from the anode, the ions in the electrolyte being reduced by electrons from the cathode.
		The electrodeposited silver, which is a high surface area fractal structure less than 1 micron high, changes the fluid-surface interaction, increasing the contact angle for water by at least 20 degrees over that measured on solid electrolyte alone.
		Since fluid flow in a microchannel is dominated by the nature of the channel surface, this increase in effective hydrophobicity can be used to control the movement of the fluid.
	www.nsti.org /Nanotech2005/showabstract.html?absno=485 (191 words)

	Superconformal Electrodeposition
		State of the art manufacturing of semiconductor devices involves the electrodeposition of copper for on-chip wiring of integrated circuits.
		In the Damascene process interconnects are fabricated by first patterning trenches in a dielectric medium and then filling by metal electrodeposition over the entire wafer surface.
		This process, known as superconformal electrodeposition or superfill, is demonstrated in the following figure.
	www.ctcms.nist.gov /~wd15/fipy/electrochem.html (504 words)

	Metal Electrodeposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Electrodeposition of Cu is the preferred method today to metallize semiconductors.
		A major challenge in this metallization scheme is deposition of Cu into small confined spaces in trenches and vias, especially as the dimensions of these features drop below 65 nm.
		Consequently, we are examining direct deposition of Cu onto oxide and nitride materials in various environments.
	www.scs.uiuc.edu /aag/metal_electrodeposition.htm (275 words)

	Electrodeposition Paint Recovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the electrodeposition paint industry, the most important part of the process is the one that allows unused paint to be recycled.
		The process of electrodeposition of paint requires that paint solids be concentrated from a rinse water bath and returned to a paint tank that will have parts submerged into it.
		has been working with electrodeposition paint industry leaders to improve the effectiveness of the paint concentration as well as the lifetime of the membrane elements and system components.
	www.osmonics.com /products/Page631.htm (243 words)

	Electrodeposition creates nanoporous structures for fuel cells, batteries
		Taking advantage of an electrochemical phenomenon that had previously been considered a nuisance, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a new class of three-dimensional nanoporous electrodes that could boost the performance of fuel cells, batteries and sensors.
		Liu and his team have solved that problem by carefully controlling the competitive reaction rates for gas evolution and metal deposition, forming dendritic branches that are mechanically well-supported and stable.
		Image shows 3D foam structures of tin prepared by an electrodeposition process for 5 seconds.
	gtresearchnews.gatech.edu /newsrelease/nanoporous.htm (976 words)

	Tribological, mechanical and electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline copper deposits produced by pulse ...
		Although electrodeposition has been one of the methods for synthesizing nanocrystalline materials, properties of nanocrystalline electrodeposits are less evaluated, especially for tribological applications or potential applications in nanoscale devices such as MEMS and NEMS.
		In this work, nanocrystalline and microcrystalline copper deposits were produced by pulse and direct current electrodeposition processes respectively.
		Effects of deposition parameters, such as the peak density, frequency, current-on time and current-off time of the pulse current (PC), on the grain size were investigated for the purpose of process optimization.
	stacks.iop.org /0957-4484/17/65 (433 words)

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