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Topic: Electrofax

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	Electrofax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An electrofax is an electrostatic printer and copier technology where the image is formed directly on the paper, instead of first on a drum (and then transferred to paper) as it would be in Xerography.
		In copiers, the paper, typically fed from a roll, is given a static electric charge, after which it is exposed to light reflected from the original document and focused through a lens; the zinc oxide particles either preserve or discharge the electric charge, depending on the amount of light which reaches them.
		Electrofax, by comparison, suffered from a number of drawbacks, including weak fls in the image (most machines could only produce a dark gray), the dampness and odor of the copies, the need for special paper, and multiple-bottle liquid toner replacement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electrofax (512 words)

	Wet type developing device for use in electrophotography - Patent 4077712
		A device as claimed in claim 9, further comprising toner settling prevention members positioned within said developing tank at the intersection of the sidewalls and bottom of said tank at the opposite ends of said partition means.
		The device is so constructed that the stirring impellers are fixedly mounted at regular intervals on a rotatable shaft directed at right angles to the direction of advance of the copy paper for feeding part of the developing solution being stirred toward the copy paper sheet.
		On the other hand, the developing electrode plate employed in the conventional copying apparatus of the electrofax type is not suitable for the above purpose, since in such prior art electrode plates, the distance between the copy paper surface and the electrode plate is too large with the slow moving rate of toner particles.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4077712.html (2799 words)

	Pioneering in Electronics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In the early stage of this new work, one of the most important advances was Thomsen’s development of a simple and economical method for making a cadmium sulfide photoconductive layer suitable for large surfaces.
		The key to its usefulness was the ability of the coating to hold an electrical charge in darkness, and to give up the charge upon exposure to light.
		“Electrofax” received a warm welcome, too, from the graphic arts industry, and a number of companies were licensed by RCA to use the process for various applications, including high-speed office copiers that began to appear on the market in substantial numbers in the early 1960s.
	www.davidsarnoff.org /kil-chapter12.htm (7534 words)

	Photocopying - Indopedia, the Indological knowledgebase
		Haloid decided to call the new copier machines "Xerox" and in 1948, the word Xerox was trademarked.
		In the early 1950s, RCA (Radio Corporation of America) introduced a variation on the process called Electrofax where images are formed directly on specially coated paper and rendered with a toner dispersed in a liquid.
		In 1949, the Xerox introduced the first xerographic copier called model:A. Xerox became so successful that photocopying came to be popularly known as "Xeroxing", a situation that Xerox has very actively fought in order to prevent "xerox" from becoming a genericized trademark.
	www.indopedia.org /Copier.html (1072 words)

	System for controlling concentration of developer solution - United States Patent 4,119,989
		The illuminated original document image is projected onto an imaging station, generally indicated at 20, by means of a mirror 22 and a lens system diagrammatically illustrated at 24.
		Prior to projection of the document image, copy paper having, a suitable photoconductive coating, such as "ELECTROFAX" paper having a zinc oxide coating on one side, is withdrawn from a supply roll 26 by initial feed rollers 28.
		The copy paper is cut into a desired sheet length, which corresponds to the length of the original document carrying the image being copied, by a knife mechanism 30.
	xrint.com /patents/us/4119989 (4704 words)

	Photocopier Hazards and a Conservation Case Study
		The Xerox machine made copies on plain paper and quickly gained market share in competition with Electrofax type copiers, introduced in 1954 by RCA, which produced electrostatic copies on a coated paper (2).
		In the late 1950's, colored toners were used experimentally with Electrofax copiers, and Haloid made seven color copiers for the Disney Studios which were used to create the animation cels for "One Hundred and One Dalmatians." Color copiers are used extensively today to create television cartoons
		The 3M Color-in-Color photocopier was introduced in 1968, and in 1973 the Xerox 6500 Color Copier became available (7).
	aic.stanford.edu /sg/bpg/annual/v08/bp08-05.html (6103 words)

	Induction heating roller device for use in image forming apparatus - patntsrv
		For example, an electrophotographic copier, printer, facsimile apparatus and the like may be used as the image forming apparatus.
		Examples of recording media include transfer sheets, printing paper, electrofax sheets, electrostatic recording sheets and the like.
		In the present invèntion, an image forming apparatus including the induction heating roller device of the first and second aspects has a short warm-up time.
	www.uspatentserver.com /686/6861626_b.html (3500 words)

	Goldwyn 1972-1977
		In January 1976 I curated an exhibit at Columbia College in Chicago called "Unconventional Imaging Systems." It featured the work of 17 artists from around the world, among them Sheridan, Joel Swartz, John Bosche.
		It contained 3M Color-in-Color, electrofax, telefax, thermofax, Xerography, and computer printout.
		This was almost certainly the first exhibit of its kind in the world.
	www.craiggoldwyn.com /bio/72.html (946 words)

	Measurement of the thickness of thin films with rough surfaces by a modified Michelson interferometer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It uses a Michelson interferometer modified to include a specimen with the laser beam grazingly incident on the surface of this specimen.
		The resolving power is typically a few hundred nanometres, which corresponds to the diameter of 'microcrystals' usually found in the layers of special interest here (layers similar to 'Electrofax').
		The method described can be used generally and also for smooth-surfaced films which are transparent to the measuring light but which have opaque microcrystals embedded in their bulk.
	stacks.iop.org /0022-3735/16/1072 (261 words)

	Independent Carton Group
		Image transfer systems used in copiers to produce images using electrostatic forces.
		Electrofax uses a zinc oxide coating: Xerography uses a selenium surface.
		In halftone photography, elongated dots which give improved graduation of tones particularly in middle tones and vignettes-also called chain dots.
	www.erikonline.net /icg/glossary.htm (7085 words)

	MPI Label Systems
		Electrophotography - Image transfer systems used in copiers to produce images using electrostatic forces.
		Electrofax uses a zinc oxide coating; Xerography a selenium surface.
		Embossed Finish - Paper with a raised or depressed surface resembling wood, cloth, leather or other pattern.
	www.mpilabels.com /customer_support/lr_pressureguide_12.asp (2687 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / THE POWER OF PATENTS
		It was nip and tuck, and there were many times when all involved were profoundly discouraged.
		RCA’s announcement in 1953 of a brand-new and seemingly promising copying system called Electrofax dismayed the Haloid forces, but they resolved to keep going.
		Mean-ewhile, researchers were ironing out the kinks in Carlson’s process and introducing a large number of critical innovations—for example, the use of selenium, a common element, as a photoconductive insulator.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1990/6/1990_6_46_print.shtml (4542 words)

	Marvin Leedom - Who's Who in RCA VideoDisc
		Leedom has written or presented several technical papers.
		He holds 24 U.S. patents in the fields of TV design, Electrofax imaging, and VideoDisc player designs.
		He is a member of the society of Manufacturing Engineers and of Robotics International.
	www.cedmagic.com /mem/whos-who/leedom-marvin.html (432 words)

	COPIER CAREERS NEWSLETTER - June 2005
		Color copying dates from when color copiers went to the dogs in the late 1950s.
		Walt Disney Studios experimented with a liquid-toner color process on RCA's Electrofax copiers for animating the first "101 Dalmatians" movie about the affectionate canines.
		The 3M "Color in Color" color copier was introduced in 1968.
	www.copiercareers.com /newsletters/newsletter-06-01-05.shtml (1312 words)

	PaperCatalog.com - Glossary
		An image transfer system used in copiers to produce images using electrostatic forces.
		Process using an intermediary plate or drum (like Xerography) or coated take-off sheet (like Electrofax) which is electrically charged to attract powder or liquid developer only to the image area.
		A test to determine a paper's resistance to tearing.
	www.papercatalog.com /glossary?ltr=E (616 words)

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