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	Electrofocusing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electrofocusing, or isoelectric focusing, is a technique for separating different molecules by their electric charge differences (if they have any charge).
		It is a type of zone electrophoresis that takes advantage of the fact that a molecule's charge changes as the pH of its surroundings changes.
		Alpha 1-antitrypsin where electrofocusing is used for diagnosis of the enzyme phenotype.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electrofocusing (181 words)

	Electrophoresis Contemporary Methods I-II
		Electrofocusing is a very high resolution technique which separates biomolecules on the basis of their intrinsic charge.
		Used chiefly for peptides and proteins, electrofocusing is fast (one half to one third of the time required by traditional electrophoretic separations) and it has a high sample capacity capable of separating nearly 100 samples on one gel.
		Systems have been designed to employ pH gradients which are immobilised into the gel matrix during gel polymerization and thereby eliminating gradient drift and providing resolution of biomolecules differing as little as 0.001pH units in their isoelectric point.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Electrophoresis_Contemporary_Methods_I-II (245 words)

	Alpha 1-antitrypsin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As protein electrophoresis is imprecise, A1AT is analysed by electrofocusing (isoelectric focusing analysis), where the protein is passed along a pH gradient.
		The presence of deviant bands on electrofocusing can signify the presence of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.
		In blood test results, the electrofocusing results are notated as in PiMM, where Pi stands for protease inhibitor and "MM" is the banding pattern of that patient.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alpha_1-antitrypsin (670 words)

	Preparative electrofocusing in flat bed granulated polysaccharide gels - Patent 4279724
		The electrofocusing system according to claim 1 wherein said polysaccharide gel is cross-linked dextran having functional ionic groups attached to glucose units of the polysaccharide chain by ether linkages.
		The electrofocusing system of claim 2 wherein said anolyte is 1 M HCl and said catholyte is a 1 M solution of NaOH or other alkali hydroxide.
		The electrofocusing system of claim 2 wherein said anolyte is 100 mM lactic acid and said catholyte is a 100 mM solution of KOH or other alkali hydroxide.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4279724.html (3487 words)

	Electrofocusing in buffers - Patent 4139440
		This excludes the hypothesis that Ampholine instability during electrofocusing, or deficiency of neutral Ampholine components, is a cause of pH gradient instability.
		Fractionation by cascade electrofocusing followed by ITP-B: Cascade electrofocusing gels, at the steady-state, when transposed between Upper and Lower Buffers of the ITP-B system formed with the identical buffers, maintain the sharply defined zones of the colored proteins as well as a constant band width with time, indicative of ITP at the steady-state.
		Conditions of polymerization and of electrofocusing were those described previously in the same reference, except that in experiments with buffer anolyte and catholyte, a voltage of 650V was maintained after the initial rise of the voltage to that value at a regulated current of 1 ma/tube.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4139440.html (10062 words)

	Accuracy of portein synthesis and in vitro aging. Search for altered enzymes in senescent cultured cells from human ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Four enzymes (phosphoglycerate kinase, M2 type pyruvate kinase, glucose phosphate isomerase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) have been studied by immunological and enzymatic titration and electrofocusing.
		In addition, heat stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was appraised in cell crude extracts and in partially purified preparations.
		Electrofocusing pattern of the enzymes from 'young cells' was identical to the ones from 'old cells'.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_830255.html (244 words)

	A method for isolation by gel electrofocusing of isohormones B and C of human prolactin from amniotic fluid -- Ben ...
		A method for isolation by gel electrofocusing of isohormones B and C of human prolactin from amniotic fluid
		Human prolactin from amniotic fluid, consisting of isohormones B and C (major), was radio-iodinated after storage of the hormone for 3 years at -70 degrees C, and yielded a Ferguson plot in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that was indistinguishable from the original except that the zones of isohormone B and C were fused.
		Micro-preparative gel electrofocusing followed by excision and re-electrofocusing of the gel slices containing human prolactin B and C, yielded zones of homogeneous isohormones B and C. Copyright © 1980 by the Society for Endocrinology.
	joe.endocrinology-journals.org /cgi/content/abstract/84/1/125 (218 words)

	Electrofocusing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Electrofocusing, or isoelectric focusing, is a technique for separating different molecules by their electric charge differences(if they have any charge).
		It is a type of zone electrophoresis that takes advantage of thefact that a molecule's charge changes as the pH of its surroundings changes.
		Alpha 1-antitrypsin where electrofocusing is used fordiagnosis of the enzyme phenotype.
	www.therfcc.org /electrofocusing-160959.html (165 words)

	Isoelectric focusing
		Isoelectric focusing, IEF, (often called electrofocusing) is a method for separating molecules which differ in their charge characteristics.
		For IEF of proteins, the protein mixture is subjected to an electric field in an inert support in which a stable pH gradient has previously been generated.
		However, by measuring the pH gradient across the gel after electrophoresis using a surface electrode and recording the position of the separated protein of interest, one can estimate the pI of this protein; information which could be invaluable in planning any large-scale ion-exchange chromatography step in a purification scheme.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/biobm330/protlab/IEF.html (930 words)

	[ Electrofocusing of hydrolases in rat brush border enterocytes]. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		[ Electrofocusing of hydrolases in rat brush border enterocytes].
		[ Electrofocusing of hydrolases in rat brush border enterocytes].Every hydrolase is focused in a single peak, the pI of which is given.
		Different hydrolases (cellobiase, enterokinase, lactase, leucine aminopeptidase, alcaline phosphatase and trehalase) of the brush border's enterocytes of the rat have been studied by electrofocusing.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/2378460.html (55 words)

	Electrofocusing -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Electrofocusing, or isoelectric focusing, is a technique for separating different ((physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound) molecules by their (The quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons) electric charge differences (if they have any charge).
		It is most commonly used on (Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk a) proteins.
		(Click link for more info and facts about Alpha 1-antitrypsin) Alpha 1-antitrypsin where electrofocusing is used for diagnosis of the enzyme phenotype.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/el/electrofocusing.htm (247 words)

	Electrofocusing analysis of DNA polymerase beta in hypophysectomized rat testis. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Electrofocusing analysis of DNA polymerase beta in hypophysectomized rat testis.
		Electrofocusing analysis of DNA polymerase beta in hypophysectomized rat testis.In the brain hypophysectomy did not affect the activities of isoelectrically different beta-enzymes.
		These facts imply that under in vivo conditions the beta-enzymes in testes focused at different isoelectric points are modified with unknown factors and the beta-enzyme focused at pH 8.2 is affected by pituitary hormones.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/11980.html (66 words)

	Improved method for detection of cystic fibrosis protein in serum using the LKB multiphor electrofocusing apparatus -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Improved method for detection of cystic fibrosis protein in serum using the LKB multiphor electrofocusing apparatus -- Wilson et al.
		Improved method for detection of cystic fibrosis protein in serum using the LKB multiphor electrofocusing apparatus
		Electrofocusing with the LKB Multiphor permits the detection of CFP in as
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/abstract/11/9/986 (209 words)

	Department of Crop Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Udine - Facilities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Separation and chromatographic techniques like ultrafiltration and electrofocusing are employed normally in our labs.
		The instruments of these labs are: gas chromatographs, HPLC, organic carbon analyser, densitometer, flame spectrophotometer, IR spectrophotometer, ultracentifuge, electrofocusing apparatus, atomic absorption spectrophotometer and ß-counter.
		Molecular biology labs are physically separated in three areas dedicated to: (a) genome analysis, (b) gene cloning and expression, and (c) transformation.
	www.dpvta.uniud.it /Facilities.htm (592 words)

	Human transfer factor: fractionation by electrofocusing and high pressure, reverse phase chromatography -- Vandenbark ...
		Human transfer factor: fractionation by electrofocusing and high pressure, reverse phase chromatography -- Vandenbark et al.
		Human transfer factor: fractionation by electrofocusing and high pressure, reverse phase chromatography
		electrofocusing, had an isoelectric point of 1.6, and transferred KLH
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/abstract/118/2/636 (216 words)

	Electrofocusing Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Looking For electrofocusing - Find electrofocusing and more at Lycos Search.
		Find electrofocusing - Your relevant result is a click away!
		Look for electrofocusing - Find electrofocusing at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Electrofocusing (353 words)

	ASBC Journal 1978 - Analytical Study of Proteolytic Enzymes for Beer Stabilization. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Electrophoresis makes it possible to identify the components of a mixture of enzymes and to analyze industrial preparations sold to brewers.
		Column electrofocusing defines the isoelectric pH of refined papain constituents and peroxidase evaluation is instructive with regard to conditions for harvesting and treating the crude latex from the papaya tree.
		Although the presence of proteases in beer is easy to determine by estimating residual proteolytic activity, only the use of antipapain and antipepsin immunsera makes it possible to identify the nature of the proteolytic enzyme added to beer, even if it is pasteurized.
	www.asbcnet.org /journal/abstracts/backissues/36-08.htm (254 words)

	Nanospheres for DNA separation chips - Nature Biotechnology
		When the same pressurization technique was applied to the conventional polymer solution, the focusing of the broad band did not occur (Fig.
		The electrofocusing, which was observed only in the nanosphere system, seems to be a stacking effect of the packed nanospheres.
		The pressurization technique with the nanospheres is the methodology that leads to effective DNA loading, electrofocusing and a shortened effective channel length (Fig.
	www.nature.com /nbt/journal/v22/n3/full/nbt939.html (2847 words)

	Electrofocusing - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Electrofocusing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Here you will find more informations about Electrofocusing.
		If you find this encyclopedia or its sister projects useful,
		* Alpha 1-antitrypsin where electrofocusing is used for diagnosis of the enzyme phenotype.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Electrofocusing.html (197 words)

	AVIS - Foot and Mouth Disease - Overview
		Two techniques have been employed, SDS-PAGE, which separates proteins partly by their molecular weight and partly by their interaction with SDS (Laemmli, 1970) (Protein Characterisation Gel), and electrofocusing, which separates proteins by their isoelectric potential.
		A number of studies describing the relationships between FMD viruses have been published using SDS-PAGE (Robson et al., 1979; Knowles and Hedger, 1985) or electrofocusing (King et al., 1983).
		However, only a limited amount of information can be gained from these methods and they have now largely been superseded by nucleotide sequence determination.
	aleffgroup.com /avisfmd/A010-fmd/mod2/0452-1-protein.html (133 words)

	4 First dimension: IEF in individual IPG strips
		Prior to IEF, the IPG dry strips are rehydrated and placed onto the cooling plate of an electrofocusing chamber.
		Then the desired number of IPG gel strips is rehydrated to the original gel thickness (0.5 mm).The rehydrated strips are then placed on the cooling block of the electrofocusing chamber, or in the grooves of the strip aligner of the tray of the Pharmacia DryStrip Kit.
		Samples are applied into silicone frames or sample cups placed directly on the surface of the IPG gel strips.
	www.weihenstephan.de /blm/deg/manual/manualwork2html02testp4.htm (2969 words)

	ARTICLE WATCH
		With the Multiphor system, in which sample application to the IPG strips and subsequent electrofocusing are performed in separate vessels, sample application from cups gives better protein recoveries than sample loading by IPG rehydration.
		In the IPGphor system, in which sample loading and electrofocusing are performed in the same vessel, the rehydration method gives better recoveries.
		A method for global analysis of complex proteomes using sample prefractionation by solution isoelectofocusing prior to two-dimensional electrophoresis.
	www.abrf.org /jbt/2000/December00/dec00artwat.html (1863 words)

	Physical, biological, and immunological characterization of highly purified urinary human chorionic gonadotropin ...
		Physical, biological, and immunological characterization of highly purified urinary human chorionic gonadotropin components separated by gel electrofocusing -- Nwokoro et al.
		Physical, biological, and immunological characterization of highly purified urinary human chorionic gonadotropin components separated by gel electrofocusing
		A highly purified urinary hCG preparation was subjected to electrofocusing
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/108/1/291 (209 words)

	Glycosphingolipid {beta}-Galactosidases. IV. ELECTROFOCUSING CHARACTERIZATION IN Gm1-GANGLIOSIDOSIS -- Suzuki and ...
		ELECTROFOCUSING CHARACTERIZATION IN Gm1-GANGLIOSIDOSIS -- Suzuki and Suzuki 249 (7): 2113 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry
		an abnormal isoelectric point of 4.6 to 4.7 by electrofocusing.
		In a late onset type II patient, the activity peaks of galactosylceramide
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/249/7/2113 (177 words)

	Natural Products Purification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is now possible to purify small molecules on demand using electrofocusing.
		Protasis has configurations of Dynamic Field Gradient Focusing (DFGF) that enable high-resolution separations at any scale from microanalytical to preparative.
		This batch separation provided a solid starting point for a continuous separation by predicting an approximate counterflow rate and demonstrating that the enantiomer bands could, in fact, be forced to move in opposite directions by adjusting the counterflow.
	www.protasis.com /FN2A_Drug_Purify.htm (224 words)

	Chloroplast DNA Distribution in Parasexual Hybrids as Shown by Polypeptide Composition of Fraction I Protein -- Chen et ...
		All the hybrids showed the combined small subunits of both parents, thus confirming the hybridity of each of the fusion products.
		Fourteen of the hybrids displayed the large subunit electrofocusing pattern characteristic of only one parent (eight L and six G).
		From one hybrid callus, two plants were regenerated, of which one had exclusively L-type large subunit and the other had exclusively G. A single plant retained a mixture of L and G chloroplast DNAs; this later yielded six F
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/74/11/5109 (333 words)

	Ch432_LabLec_Electrophoresis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Electrofocusing: In electrofocusing we take advantage of the fact the a molecule will not migrate in an electric field at its pI (the pH at which it has no net charge).
		The strategy in electrofocusing is then to set up a pH gradient in a media such as polyacrylamide gel, introduce a protein mixture, and then subject it to an electric field.
		Note that the electrofocusing and PAGE distinguish between proteins based on completely independent properties - pI and MW.
	www.humboldt.edu /~rap1/C432.S02/C432Lab/LabLecNotes/C431L_ElecPho.htm (1240 words)

	University of Witwatersrand, APES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Within the School there are good facilities for Neurophysiological and Physiological research and a well equipped Histology Laboratory.
		Major equipment includes O2 and CO 2 analyzers, two research spectrophotometers, a liquid scintillation counter, electrophoretic and electrofocusing equipment and a well equipped sound laboratory.
		There is a variety of computer equipment for research, and for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching, and the School shares an efficient Novel Netware-based network which is linked to the University network and the Internet.
	www.wits.ac.za /apes/facilities.html (291 words)

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