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Topic: Electroluminescence

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	Conjugated polymers having spiro centers and their use as electroluminescence materials - Patent 5621131
		For the purposes of the invention, a polymer is a compound whose electroluminescence spectrum is essentially unchanged on attaching further recurring units.
		To be used as electroluminescence materials, the polymers of the invention are generally applied in the form of a film to a substrate by known methods with which those skilled in the art are familiar, such as casting, dipping or spin coating.
		Electroluminescence devices are used, for example, as self-illuminating display elements such as control lamps, alphanumeric displays, signs, and in optoelectronic couplers.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5621131.html (4208 words)

	Electroluminescence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electroluminescence (EL) is an optical phenomenon and electrical phenomenon where a material emits light in response to an electric current passed through it, or to a strong electric field.
		Electroluminescence is the result of radiative recombination of electrons and holes in a material (usually a semiconductor).
		Prior to recombination, electrons and holes are separated either as a result of doping of the material to form a p-n junction (in semiconductor electroluminescent devices such as LEDs), or through excitation by impact of high-energy electrons accelerated by a strong electric field (as with the phosphors in electroluminescent displays).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electroluminescence (457 words)

	Nanometer-scale light source is first to show single-molecule electroluminescence
		Believed to be the first demonstration of electroluminescence from individual molecules, the work could lead to new types of nanometer-scale optical interconnects, high-resolution optical microscopy, nanometer-scale lithography and other applications that require very small light sources.
		Electroluminescence occurs when an electron recombines with a positively charged molecule from which a single electron has been removed to create an electron-hole pair.
		The electroluminescence research builds on earlier work done by Dickson and colleagues Lynn Peyser and Amy Vinson that demonstrated optical storage potential of thin-film silver oxide clusters.
	gtresearchnews.gatech.edu /newsrelease/NANOLIGHT.htm (930 words)

	Howstuffworks "How does an Indiglo watch work?"
		Electroluminescence is the conversion of electricity directly into light.
		Electroluminescence is much more efficient because it converts the electricity directly to light.
		The most common example of electroluminescence that we see on a regular basis is a neon light.
	www.howstuffworks.com /question296.htm (265 words)

	electroluminescence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Electroluminescence (EL) is mainly observed in semiconductors, it refers to the luminescence produced by some materials when exposed to an electric field, as opposed to heat (incandescence) or chemicals (chemoluminescence).
		LEDs are the most well known example of electroluminescence.
		It is something where fill type EL fills the electron and the positive hole with electric field, can point to radiation with the recombination.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /electroluminescence.html (230 words)

	Electroluminescence in light emitting polymers featuring deaggregated polymers - Patent 6623870
		In the case of a bilayer or multi-layer devices, the polymeric material of the present invention may be used as the electron transporting layer in conjunction with an electron blocking layer of another appropriate polymer, such as might be selected from the group consisting of poly(vinylcarbazole).
		In accordance with the present invention, results are presented for bilayer devices using PVK as a hole-transport layer and a family of copolymers of PPV and poly(pyridyl vinylene) PPyV with various side groups as the emitting layers.
		The absorption, photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra indicate that the PL and EL are attributed to the formation of an exciplex at the PVK/copolymer interface for all the copolymer systems studied.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6623870.html (2976 words)

	PASPS III Conference: Conference Session
		The signature of spin injection into amorphous organic layers is studied by measuring the electroluminescence intensity of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with ferromagnetic contacts.
		The electroluminescence intensity is studied at room temperature as a function of applied magnetic field.
		We find a hysteretic electroluminescence that has a higher intensity for the antiparallel magnetic configuration than for the parallel one.
	www.sainc.com /pasps3/agendaConferenceView.asp?paperID=62 (237 words)

	Quantum Dot LEDs - Electroluminescence
		These unique electroluminescent abilities of quantum dots are due to their very small size (2-10 nm).
		Current LED technology produces electroluminescent, non-tunable light emission through the use of a p-n semiconductor junction.
		The first is the ability to produce high quality, low-cost white light relative to the standard white light producible in traditional semiconductor systems.
	www.evidenttech.com /applications/quantum-dot-led-electroluminescence.php (857 words)

	Journal of Electronic Materials: Electroluminescence properties of PbTe pn junctions fabricated under controlled Te ...
		Electroluminescence properties of PbTe pn junctions grown under various tellurium vapor pressures are investigated.
		This paper reports the electroluminescence properties from PbTe pn junctions for which e-type PbTe epitaxial layers are grown without intentional dopant and with Bi dopant.
		Electroluminescence spectra of Bi-doped PbTe diodes are different from those of unintentionally doped diodes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3776/is_199907/ai_n8855597 (1077 words)

	STM-excited electroluminescence and spectroscopy on organic materials for display applications
		By these means we probe the critical device parameters in charge-carrier injection and transport, i.e., the height of the barrier for charge-carrier injection at interfaces between different materials and the energy gap between positive and negative polaronic states.
		The alignment of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) at the interfaces of an OLED is usually estimated from the ionization potential (IP) of each material by using the Schottky–Mott rule [1], which assumes that the energy levels correspond to a common vacuum level (CVL), thus neglecting surface, interface, and charge-transfer effects.
		The possibility of using an STM to generate electroluminescence (EL) with nanometer spatial resolution and thus to probe the electronic properties of organic materials has been demonstrated in experiments on various materials [10, 11, 45–48].
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/451/alvarado.html (4736 words)

	Tidbit - March 13, 2000
		Electroluminescence is a very efficient means of converting electricity into light.
		In Indiglo watches, a thin layer of phosphorescent material (zinc sulfide doped with copper) is sandwiched between two thin layer electrodes, one of which is transparent.
		Electroluminescence is also being applied to aftermarket automotive applications, including back lighting for instrumental panel gauges.
	www.alteich.com /tidbits/t031300.htm (429 words)

	SPIE Bookstore
		Organic electroluminescent displays can be small such as hand-held or head-mounted displays, or large such as flat panel screens that can be rolled up or hung flat on a wall.
		This book on Organic Electroluminescence is intended for diversified readers such as graduate and postgraduate students in science and engineering, new comers to the field and experts as well.
		Chapter 1 serves as a useful introduction to organic electroluminescence and brings the reader up-to-date with the states of the art performance of organice displays based on small molecules.
	bookstore.spie.org /index.cfm?fuseaction=DetailVolume&productid=620711 (730 words)

	Electroluminescent light band for vehicles patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		The electroluminescent light band 23 can have an attractive visual effect caused from changing the lighting modes of the exchangeable pattern region 231, such as twinkle, sequentially lightening sub luminescent areas 2311 and randomly lighting or darkening these.
		The electroluminescence device 234 includes a lower plastic substrate 47, a front bus bar layer 46, an isolation layer 45, electroluminescent layer 44, an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer 43 and an upper plastic substrate 42.
		In order to easily stick the electroluminescent light band 23 to the rear window of a car, a plurality of miniature suction cups 41, transparent small-scale suction discs, are formed on the surface of the upper plastic substrate 42.
	www.freshpatents.com /Electroluminescent-light-band-for-vehicles-dt20050210ptan20050030735.php (1858 words)

	Solid State Lamp Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Electroluminescence in silicon carbide junctions was reported as early as 1907 by H.J. Round of the U.S.A. In 1923, O.W. Lossev of Russia reported electroluminescent light emission in silicon carbide crystals.
		Luminescence is the narrow-band radiation emitted by matter as a result of a change in energy states (usually of electrons) when the sample is excited by an external source.
		Pn junction luminescence, or junction electroluminescence, can occur as a result of the application of direct current at a low voltage to a suitable doped crystal containing a pn junction.
	www.lumex.com /tech_notes/thery_1.html (520 words)

	A History of Electroluminescent Displays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Electroluminescent displays (ELDs) have their origins in scientific discoveries in the first decade of the twentieth century, but they did not become commercially viable products until the1980s.
		An electroluminescent (EL) device is similar to a laser in that photons are produced by the return of an excited substance to its ground state, but unlike lasers EL devices require much less energy to operate and do not produce coherent light.
		The next recorded observation of electroluminescence was by Georges Destriau in 1936, who published a report on the emission of light from zinc sulfide (ZnS) powders after applying an electrical current.
	www.indiana.edu /~hightech/fpd/papers/ELDs.html (6154 words)

	electroluminescence -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Electroluminescence is one of the few instances in which a direct conversion of electric energy into visible light takes place without the generation of heat, such as occurs in the incandescent lamp.
		Like thermoluminescence, the term electroluminescence includes several distinct phenomena, a common feature of which is that light is emitted by an electrical discharge in gases, liquids, and solid materials.
		Benjamin Franklin, in the United States, for example, in 1752 identified the luminescence of lightning as caused by electric discharge through the atmosphere.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9032305 (441 words)

	Electroluminescence Spectra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Electroluminescence Spectra of Inorganic and Semiconducting Polymer LEDs
		Students will measure and compare the electroluminescence spectrum of an inorganic LED and the electroluminscence spectrum of a semiconducting polymer LED.
		The procedure consists of recording the electroluminescence spectrum of each LED using the Ocean Optics spectrometer.
	www.ee.calpoly.edu /~dbraun/polyelec/PolymerEL.html (167 words)

	Ultraviolet Electroluminescence from ZnO/Polymer Heterojunction Light-Emitting Diodes
		In an LED configuration, the as-grown material exhibits broad-band electroluminescence across the spectral region from 350 to 850 nm.
		C in air improves the sample quality, reduces the surface roughness, increases the electroluminescence intensity, and shifts the emission maximum to the ultraviolet region.
		A comparison between the photoluminescence and the electroluminescence spectra of the annealed ZnO shows nearly identical features in the two spectra, indicating that the injection and transport processes in the annealed ZnO are very efficient.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/sample.cgi/nalefd/2005/5/i10/html/nl051501r.html (1659 words)

	Scientists Report Single-Molecule Electroluminescence - October, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		This is reportedly the first demonstration of induced electroluminescence from individual molecules of such a material.
		Multicolored electroluminescence from single silver molecules (B) resulted when Georgia Tech researchers applied 9 VDC across a discolored silver oxide film (A) placed between copper electrodes on a glass substrate in a vacuum.
		Another important result of the experiment was the demonstration of electroluminescence in clusters of copper molecules, which has somewhat of a twofold significance.
	www.photonics.com /spectra/research/XQ/ASP/preaid.18/QX/read.htm (564 words)

	Semiconductors and Semimetals: Electroluminescence I:0127521739:Mueller, Gerd; Mueller, Gerd:eCampus.com
		Semiconductors and Semimetals: Electroluminescence I:0127521739:Mueller, Gerd; Mueller, Gerd:eCampus.com
		The volume "Electroluminescence" for the first time covers (almost) all kinds of electroluminescence.
		In its broadest sense electroluminescence is the conversion of electric power into optical power" light.
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=0127521739 (186 words)

	Electroluminescence Manufacturers
		Altadox, Inc is the leader in electroluminescence manufacturers, with 15 years of experience in manufacturing electronics and display products.
		We are strong in manufacturing custom-designed electroluminescence products, by incorporating the most advanced technology in our production, providing the best products and technical support to our customers.
		One of our major advantage among electroluminescence manufacturers is that we have a full line of standard electroluminescence products, readily available for various applications.
	www.altadox.com /el/product_search/electroluminescence.htm (476 words)

	Researchers Observe Electroluminescence from Individual Molecules
		The technique was developed using photon emissions from individual molecules of silver, and because single molecules are known to emit one photon at a time, the technique could ultimately be the basis for high-efficiency quantum information processing and cryptography.
		The effect was first reported in silver clusters composed of two to eight atoms, but researchers also demonstrated electroluminescence in similarly prepared copper clusters, suggesting the effect may broadly apply to other metals.
		Electroluminescence is normally stimulated by applying direct current.
	www.internetnews.com /briefs/article/0,4028,6551_1445041,00.html (1066 words)

	Quantum Dot LEDs - Electroluminescence
		These unique electroluminescent abilities of quantum dots are due to their very small size (2-10 nm).
		Current LED technology produces electroluminescent, non-tunable light emission through the use of a p-n semiconductor junction.
		The first is the ability to produce high quality, low-cost white light relative to the standard white light producible in traditional semiconductor systems.
	evidenttech.com /applications/quantum-dot-led-electroluminescence.php (857 words)

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