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Topic: Electrolytic process

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	U.S. Patent: 5700366 - Electrolytic process for cleaning and coating electrically conducting surfaces - December 23, ...
		Electrolytic cleaning (or "electro-cleaning") normally involves the use of an alkaline cleaning solution which forms the electrolyte while the workpiece may be either the anode or the cathode of the electrolytic cell, or else the polarity may be alternated.
		The electrolyte is introduced into the working zone between the anode and the cathode by causing it to flow under pressure through at least one hole, channel or aperture in the anode, whereby it impinges on the cathode (the surface under treatment).
		In particular, the process may be used to treat a metal in sheet form, for example the zinc coating of ferrous metal sheet or the tin plating of metal sheet, or to treat the inside or outside of a steel pipe, or to treat the surface of a free-standing object.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5700366.html (5799 words)

	Process for electrolytic deposition of metals on zirconium materials - Patent 4137131
		This invention relates to a process for electrolytic deposition of a metal layer on zirconium or a zirconium alloy, and more particularly to an improved process for electrolytic deposition of a metal film such as a copper film on the internal surface of a long hollow cylindrical tube of zirconium or a zirconium alloy.
		It is an object of this invention to provide a process for the electrolytic plating of an article comprised of zirconium or a zirconium alloy, especially when the article is in the form of a nuclear fuel element cladding comprising a long hollow cylindrical tube of small diameter.
		The process broadly comprises a step of activating the article, a step of removing any loosely adhering films formed on the article in the activation step and a step of contacting the article with an electrolytic plating solution containing the metal to be deposited on the article in the presence of an electrode receiving current.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4137131.html (4842 words)

	Class 204: CHEMISTRY: ELECTRICAL AND WAVE ENERGY / U.S. Patent Classification Definitions
		Processes of growing crystals, dissolving compounds, altering friability of particles, changing the structure in a crystal lattice or converting a substance into an amorphous state (e.g., Cg to Cd) are considered to be physical processes and thus are excluded from this class unless stated to be chemical reactions by the patentee.
		Processes wherein the material is chosen on the basis of its optical properties or wherein a property of the material is altered in the presence of light (e.g., photoconductive, etc.).
		Processes for the deposition of a coating onto a substrate within a vacuum environment by the action of an arc discharge between an anode and a cathode wherein the source of material to be deposited forms or is associated with the cathode.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/def/204.htm (11152 words)

	Electrolytic process for the sterilization of liquids - Patent 4268367
		Process for the sterilisation of liquids having a very low conductivity by means of anodic oxidation, characterised in that a gas which increases the conductivity of the liquid is fed thereto and the anodic oxidation is then carried out.
		Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the gas fed in is removed from the liquid after the anodic oxidation.
		Process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that in order to increase the proportion of dissolved gas, the pressure in the liquid to be sterilised by means of anodic oxidation is increased whilst feeding in this gas, until the anodic oxidation has ended.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4268367.html (2836 words)

	Class 205: ELECTROLYSIS: PROCESSES, COMPOSITIONS USED THEREIN, AND METHODS OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS / U.S. Patent ...
		This subclass and subclasses indented hereunder include processes of electrolytic coating, per se, on or with a semiconductor material and combinations of electrolytic coating with an additional step or steps which are preparatory treatments that adapt the material for electrolytic coating or which perfect the electrolytic coating.
		This subclass includes processes of electrolytic coating, per se, on a semiconductor material and combinations of electrolytic coating with an additional step or steps which are preparatory treatments that adapt the material for electrolytic coating or which perfect the electrolytic coating.
		Subject matter wherein an electrolytic or a nonelectrolytic coating is treated subsequent to its formation to produce a modification of or change in character of the coating as distinguished from subsequent treatment of the object on which the coating is placed.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/def/205.htm (8244 words)

	Intute sciences - >Chemical Sciences: Electrolytic Processes of Metals
		Electrolytic industrial processes for metals include the production of metals themselves from their compounds, which is called the electrowinning of metals; the electrolytic purification of metals; and the deposition or electroplating of metals on conducting surfaces.
		In the roasting process the iron sulfide is converted to oxide and then by reaction with silicates present to a slag which separates from the copper oxide in the reduction step.
		The electrolyte is a concentrated aqueous copper sulfate solution, the anode is a slab of blister copper, and the cathode is a thin sheet of pure copper.
	www.intute.ac.uk /sciences/reference/plambeck/chem2/p02113.htm (2586 words)

	Electrolytic process - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An electrolytic process is the use of electrolysis industrially to refine metals or compounds at a high purity and low cost.
		Some examples are the Hall-Héroult process used for aluminium, or the production of hydrogen from water.
		This page was last modified 08:52, 10 May 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electrolytic_process (69 words)

	Galv-etching without Electricity
		Powered electrolytic processes have the advantage that no precipitate is produced, but it seems that a few etchers are inhibited or intimidated by the idea of having to buy electrical equipment and do calculations based on areas and amperages.
		The Galv-On process can only be used electrolytically, because any precipitate or bubbles that are produced cannot be brushed or agitated away, and they stay to clog the lines or texture and stop the etch after a while.
		For those willing to tangle with a powered electrolytic process the great advantage is that the electrolyte can be used for years, and one is not limited to etching zinc.
	www.greenart.info /galvetch/passive.htm (828 words)

	12 - Kanarev - The Foundations of Physchemistry of Microworld
		Electrolytic processes are known for a long time, and they are widely used in chemical industry.
		Plasma - electrolytic processes have been found quite recently, that’s why there is neither physical, no chemical theory of these processes.
		But during the operation of the plasma - electrolytic reactor hydrogen atoms are at continuous influence of alternating electric field, which makes hydrogen atoms be in exited sate, it is proved by availability of a complete set of Balmier spectral lines on a spectrogram.
	guns.connect.fi /innoplaza/energy/story/Kanarev/book/12.html (1905 words)

	Etching without Acid - what is Galv-Etch ?
		Galv-etch is an electrolytic process, the principles of which have been known since the early 19th century (see Galvanography - brief history), and the original process was described in 1855 and called electro-etching.
		The electrolytic action is not like the corrosive action produced by an acid, and so the range of varnishes, resists and grounds that are effective is much greater, because they must be simply electrically insulating and not acid resistant.
		The electrolytic action between the plate (anode) and the cathode is directional at right angles to the face, and so the edge of a resist is not significantly eroded or undercut.
	www.greenart.info /galvetch/advan.htm (1160 words)

	Electrochemistry Encyclopedia --- Aluminum production
		Alumina (aluminum oxide) powder, fed to the electrolytic process, is produced by the Bayer process from bauxite ore. Bauxites contain 40-60% alumina, combined with silica (silicon oxide), iron oxide, and titanium dioxide.
		In the Bayer process, the alumina is dissolved in hot sodium hydroxide solution and the iron oxide and other oxides are removed as insoluble "red mud." Aluminum hydroxide is precipitated from the clarified solution by cooling and seeding with aluminum hydroxide crystals.
		Hall's first electrolytic cells, or "pots," were of cast iron, 24 inches (~61 cm) long, 16 inches (~41 cm) wide and 20 inches (~51 cm) deep, with a 3-inch (~8-cm) baked carbon lining.
	electrochem.cwru.edu /ed/encycl/art-a01-al-prod.htm (2351 words)

	Lowering Cost of Bio-Ethanol Production Using Electrolytic Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The projections show that the electrolytic technology could provide an improvement in economic feasibility for ethanol production in both cases by generating additional revenues from cellulose (pulp) sales, and by reducing energy costs with the fuel credit derived from lignin (biofuel) that is extracted from the bagasse, or the corn cob materials.
		The electrolytic plant recovers caustic soda from the liquor generated in the digester where bagasse is treated during pulping process.
		The hydrogen produced in the electrolytic cells can be burned at the plant to generate energy, or could be sold as fuel for hydrogen-fueled heat engines, or for use in upcoming fuel cell technologies in the market.
	www.hurterconsult.com /paptac_2005_paper62.htm (2717 words)

	Iron Conservation
		The process is repeated with fresh or cleaned zinc and fresh caustic soda until all the materials are reduced and all traces of chlorides have been eliminated.
		In the reduction process some of the positively charged metal ions in the compounds on the surface of the artifact are reduced to a metallic state in situ.
		In the process iron is in the center of the hydrogen plasma and the magnetite and ferric oxide on the piece are converted to metallic iron.
	nautarch.tamu.edu /class/ANTH605/File10.htm (20288 words)

	electrolysis: The Electrolytic Process
		The positive ions in the electrolyte will move toward the cathode and the negatively charged ions toward the anode.
		This migration of ions through the electrolyte constitutes the electric current in that part of the circuit.
		A study of the effect of average preset voltage on hardness during electrolytic surface-hardening in aqueous solution.(Brief Article)...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0857941.html (362 words)

	Electrolytic Reduction Process for cleaning your treasure
		If you can use an all-glass tank (aquarium) for your electrolytic reduction tank, it will help you ”see’’ what progress you are making in the preservation process.
		The electrolyte solution depends upon the size of your container and the amount of distilled (if available) water you put in the tank.
		The surface that the electrolytic reduction has to work with determines the rate at which the reduction takes place.
	www.atochatreasures.com /electrolytic_reduction_process.htm (503 words)

	Electrolytic 2-Step Process > Electrolytic Processes, Electrolytic 2-step Additives, Electrolytic Coloring, 2-step ...
		The electrolytic 2-step process first clear anodizes the product, and then follows with adding color in a bath of metallic salts.
		The metallic salts are electrolytically deposited into the bottom of the pores of the aluminum oxide coating.
		Stone Chemical Company is your source for Electrolytic 2-Step Process Chemicals, Electrolytic Processes, Electrolytic 2-step Additives, Electrolytic Coloring, and 2-step Electrolytic Anodizing Chemicals.
	www.stonechemical.com /electrolytic.asp (150 words)

	Charles Martin Hall Page
		This process was a costly one owing to the difficulty of preparing water-free aluminum chloride from aluminum oxide, the natural source of aluminum, and to the necessity of making sodium metal by chemical means.(1) In the early 1880's aluminum was a semiprecious metal, but Jewett had a sample of it to show his students.
		Hall was as adept in overcoming the obstacles to the commercialization of his new electrolytic process as he was in discovering it.
		A lecture-demonstration recreating Hall's original laboratory process was held in Oberlin in 1986 on the centennial of the discovery.
	www.oberlin.edu /chem/history/cmharticle.html (1935 words)

	Film and Processing Forum: Reprocessing silver sludge from electrolytic process?
		I've never dealt with a carbon cathode electrolytic unit before: Is the carbon migrating in the process and "contaminating" the silver deposits?
		It should be easy to get everything hot enough to burn off all organics in a kiln, won't cost anything if it can be combined with a regular firing (and firing still shouldn't hurt Corningware), and may smelt out the silver for you.
		Alternately, if the silver salts you obtain from a lower temperature process aren't soluble, you can probably treat them directly with dilute nitric acid to dissolve the silver; if they are soluble, you can precipitate them by adding table salt to produce silver chloride which can then be redissolved with nitric acid.
	www.photo.net /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=007byH (793 words)

	Find in a Library: Economic evaluation of an electrolytic process to recover lead from scrap batteries
		Find in a Library: Economic evaluation of an electrolytic process to recover lead from scrap batteries
		Economic evaluation of an electrolytic process to recover lead from scrap batteries
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/dd31572b5b9b75d0a19afeb4da09e526.html (88 words)

	A917-06 Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Coated by the Electrolytic Process for Applications Requiring ...
		1.3 This coating process has essentially no effect on the base metal mechanical properties, and use is permitted on any grade of hot-rolled or cold-rolled steel sheet.
		A879 Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated by the Electrolytic Process for Applications Requiring Designation of the Coating Mass on Each Surface
		A918 Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Nickel Alloy Coated by the Electrolytic Process for Applications Requiring Designation of the Coating Mass on Each Surface
	www.astm.org /DATABASE.CART/ACTIVE_PAGES/A917.htm (437 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #4368481 - Improvements in the Purex process by electrolytic methods
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Improvements in the Purex process by electrolytic methods
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4368481 (114 words)

	US Patent Class 205-- ELECTROLYSIS: PROCESSES, COMPOSITIONS USED THEREIN, AND METHODS OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS-- ...
		ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS INVOLVING ACTINIDE SERIES ELEMENTS OR COMPOUND (AT.
		ELECTROLYTIC EROSION OF A WORKPIECE FOR SHAPE OR SURFACE CHANGE (E.G., ETCHING, POLISHING, ETC.) (PROCESS AND ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION) {19}
		ELECTROLYTIC COATING SUBSTRATE PREDOMINANTLY COMPRISED OF SPECIFIED SYNTHETIC RESIN {4}
	www.patentec.com /data/class/205A.html (216 words)

	A917-00 Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Coated by the Electrolytic Process for Applications Requiring ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A917-00 Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Coated by the Electrolytic Process for Applications Requiring Designation of the Coating Mass on Each Surface (General Requirements)
		Specification A917-00 Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Coated by the Electrolytic Process for Applications Requiring Designation of the Coating Mass on Each Surface (General Requirements)
		A591/A591M Specification for Steel Sheet, Electrolytic Zinc-Coated, for Light Coating Mass Applications
	www.astm.org /DATABASE.CART/ALSO/A917.htm (570 words)

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