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Topic: Electromagnetic compatibility

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Electromagnetic interference

	Electromagnetic compatibility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is the branch of electrical sciences which studies the unintentional generation, propagation and reception of electromagnetical energy with reference to the unwanted effects that such an energy may induce.
		In particular, the aim of EMC is the correct operation, in the same environment, of different equipments which involve electromagnetic phenomena in their operation.
		These are "TC77" working on "electromagnetic compatibility between equipment including networks", and the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electromagnetic_compatibility (348 words)

	Electromagnetic interference - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is electromagnetic radiation which is emitted by electrical circuits carrying rapidly changing signals, as a by-product of their normal operation, and which causes unwanted signals (interference or noise) to be induced in other circuits.
		It can be induced intentionally, as in some forms of electronic warfare, or unintentionally, as a result of spurious emissions and responses, intermodulation products, and the like.
		Based on our data and the available literature, we believe it is reasonably safe to permit the use of cellular phones in the intensive care unit, as long as they are kept > or =3 feet from all medical devices.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electromagnetic_interference (946 words)

	Guidance for Electrical Safety, Electromagnetic Compatibility and Mechanical Testing for Indwelling Blood Gas Analyzer ...
		Electromagnetic compatibility is described in IEC 60601-1-2 (1993) with the replacement and additional requirements contained Subclauses 6.8.201(a) (except for the reference to 36.201.1.3), (b) and (c).
		Address electromagnetic compatibility in the premarket notification by describing and testing the performance characteristics under all applicable circumstances when operating from grounded and ungrounded ac power sources (i.e., with the third-wire ground connected and with it disconnected at the plug end of the power cord).
		The immunity level should be the level stated, adjusted upward by the rms sum of all errors in the measurement of that quantity, with the exception of the lower steady-state ac voltage limit and the line-voltage sag level, which should be adjusted downward by the rms sum of the measurement errors.
	www.fda.gov /cdrh/ode/guidance/1161.html (6440 words)

	Electromagnetic Compatibility Strategy for the Future
		The ability to design and achieve electromagnetic compatibility is becoming more challenging with the rapid development of new electronic products and technologies.
		As most workers in the field understand, electromagnetic compatibility describes a state when the electromagnetic environments produced by natural phenomena and other electrical and electronic devices do not cause interference in electronic equipment and systems.
		"Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) -- Part 1-2: General -- Methodology for the Achievement of Functional Safety of Electrical and Electronic Equipment with Regard to Electromagnetic Phenomena," Draft IEC 61000-1-2, 1999.
	www.metatechcorp.com /EMC.html (3782 words)

	Technical and Quality Management Portal - FacilitiesEstec - Electromagnetic compatibility
		compatibility of a system to operate in a specific environment that is subject to electromagnetic interference caused by radio frequency or electrical noise from many sources
		The Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) test equipment is operated from one, and the unit or system being tested from the other.
		The design of the facility, based on 30 years of experience, incorporates a number of unique characteristics that ensure that tests are carried out in the most effective and economical way possible.
	www.esa.int /techresources/ESTEC-Article-fullArticle_item_selected-20_10_00_par-48_1082551446411.html (617 words)

	ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) are usually caused by the rapid switching action of semiconductors, relays, etc. resulting in undesirable currents and voltages (electronic pollution?).
		So constructed that they do not cause excessive electromagnetic interference and are not unduly affected by electromagnetic interference.
		Directives for EMC electro-magnetic compatibility, by which EMC devices must abide so that the devices will be protected against EMI (electro-magnetic interference) and EMC (electro-magnetic susceptibility).
	www.mikrokontrol.co.yu /sysdrive/EMC_tutorial.htm (1088 words)

	TÜV America Inc.
		The European requirement for Electromagnetic Compatibility is known as the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive.
		The Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electrical and electronic appliances together with equipment and installations containing electrical and/or electronic components, that are liable to cause electromagnetic disturbance, or the performance of which is liable to be affected by such disturbances.
		To demonstrate compliance to the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive, the CE Marking must be affixed to the product, which allows the free movement of goods throughout the European Union.
	www.tuvamerica.com /services/emcompat/emcdirective.cfm (190 words)

	Medical Devices: Diagnosing the New EMC Standard
		This is because the basis of the emission requirements is to prevent interference with the safe operation of other medical equipment and to meet internationally accepted legal requirements not to interfere with broadcast as described in Clause 3.201.1 of the EMC standard.
		Where the equipment receives electromagnetic energy in order to perform its intended function (such as wireless telemetry), each frequency or reception band used and, where applicable, the preferred frequency or band must be identified.
		For equipment or systems specified for use in electromagnetically shielded environments, the appropriate limits of CISPR 11 may be increased (made less stringent), but when this is done, the levels used must be disclosed in the technical description (as described previously).
	www.ce-mag.com /archive/02/11/schmidt.html (4477 words)

	CETECOM™ - Services & Competencies - Electromagnetic Compatibility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is an essential characteristic of product quality and plays an extremely important role in the development of new products.
		We offer tailor-made solutions for the securing of electromagnetic compatibility in all kinds of products such as telecommunication installations, electronic components for motor vehicles and other electrical and electronic installations like medical equipment, computers, household equipment or industrial machinery.
		The focal point here is on telecommunications, in which the new uniform standard for the Specific Absorption Rate of mobile telephones (SAR) and measurements of electromagnetic fields (EMF) are considered.
	www.cetecom.com /services/se_emc.cfm (871 words)

	UMR EMC LAB: An Introduction to EMC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		EMC is a term used to describe the interaction of electrical and electronic equipment with its electromagnetic (EM) environment and with other equipment.
		Electromagnetic compatibility problems are generally solved by identifying at least two of these elements and eliminating (or attenuating) one of them.
		Potential sources of electromagnetic compatibility problems include radio transmitters, power lines, electronic circuits, lightning, lamp dimmers, electric motors, arc welders, solar flares and just about anything that utilizes or creates electromagnetic energy.
	www.rotinsoft.net /emc/emcdef.htm (630 words)

	Wiley::Applied Electromagnetics and Electromagnetic Compatibility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With tighter regulation of electromagnetic emissions, the electronics industry is increasingly looking for professionals with a solid understanding of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
		Presentations of electromagnetics are given in the context of EMC; discussions of EMC itself are tailored to assist in analysis and design, as well as planning of measurements for EMC compliance.
		Chapter 1 introduces readers to electromagnetic interference and describes the evolution of EMC in the digital electronics era.
	www.wiley.com /WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471165492.html (322 words)

	Managing Electromagnetic Compatibility Between Wireless and Medical Devices
		The goal should be electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—making sure that a product operates in its intended environment without being affected by other electronic products or being a source of interference itself.
		Donald Witters, chairman of the center's Electromagnetic Compatibility Working Group, has said that "the key to addressing EMI is the recognition that it involves not only the device itself but also the environment in which it is used, and anything that may come into that environment."
		In its recently published report, "Electromagnetic Interference Management in the Hospital Environment—Part I: An Introduction," researchers at the Center offer 10 steps that hospital administrators and clinical engineers can take to manage the effects of electromagnetic interaction of wireless devices with medical devices.
	www.ce-mag.com /archive/1999/mayjune/Grant.html (2554 words)

	SCADPlus: Electromagnetic compatibility of electrical and electronic appliances
		Council Directive 89/336/EEC of 3 May 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility [Official Journal L 139 of 23.05.1989].
		The Directives apply to all electrical and electronic appliances together with equipment and installations containing electrical and/or electronic components likely to create electromagnetic disturbance or whose functioning is liable to be affected by such disturbance.
		Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility [COM(2002) 759 final - Not published in the Official Journal].
	europa.eu /scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l21008.htm (836 words)

	Christopher W. Trueman, - EMC Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The EMC Lab pursues excellence in research and education in electromagnetics, including computational electromagnetics, electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic measurements, and the associated software systems.
		The EMC Lab is dedicated to the development of collaborative research and educational programmes with local universities, industry and with national and international laboratories.
		The EMC Lab carries out basic research in computational electromagnetics, including code validation against measurements for moment-methods, for the finite-difference time-domain method, and for the uniform theory of diffraction.
	users.encs.concordia.ca /~trueman/emc-lab.html (308 words)

	CE MARKING EXPLANATION
		The EMC Directive 89/336/EEC became mandatory on January 1, 1996, and it stands for Electromagnetic Compatibility.
		The test is performed between 30 to 230 MHz with a limit of 30 dBuV/m from 10 meters distance, and followed by 230 to 1,000 MHz with a limit of 37 dBuV/m from 10 meters distance for Commercial environment.
		The RF Immunity refers to the ability of the equipment to work undisturbed in a RF field (electromagnetic field) between 27 to 1,000 MHz, with 80% AM (amplitude modulation), and for Light industrial environments a 3 V/m Stress level is used, or 10 V/m for Heavy industrial environment.
	www.newportus.com /manuals/CEMark.htm (1002 words)

	SIMCOM: Harmonized Standards: Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive - 89/336/EEC
		Electromagnetic compatibility - Electrical apparatus for the detection and measurement of combustible gases, toxic gases or oxygen
		Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard for second generation Cordless Telephone (CT2) apparatus operating in the frequency band 864,1 MHz to 868,1 MHz, including public access services
		Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard for Short Range Devices (SRD) operating on frequencies between 9 kHz and 25 GHz
	www.esimcom.com /aak2_0_1_2/simcom_search/srch_hs_emc.asp (1675 words)

	Electromagnic Compatibility (EMC) and Wireless Medical Devices
		Electromagnetic compatibility, or EMC means that a device is compatible with (i.e., no interference is caused by) its electromagnetic (EM) environment and it does not emit levels of EM energy that cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) in other devices in the vicinity.
		ANSI C63:19:2001, Methods of Measurement of Compatibility between Wireless Communication Devices and Hearing Aids.
		Center for the Study of Wireless Electromagnetic Compatibility, University of Oklahoma
	www.fda.gov /cdrh/emc (463 words)

	Amazon.com: Principles and Techniques of Electromagnetic Compatibility: Books: Christos Christopoulos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Text's emphasis is placed on understanding the relevant electromagnetic interactions in increasingly complex systems.
		Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the branch of science and engineering concerned with the design and operation of equipment in a manner which makes them immune to certain amounts of electromagnetic interference, while at the same time keeping equipment-generated interference within specified limits.
		electromagnetic threats, symmetrical condensed node, shielding effectiveness, modal voltages, conducting penetrations, wire penetrations, antenna factor, magnetic field shielding, current clearance, site attenuation, simpler signals, grounding arrangements, transfer impedance, radiated interference, multiconductor transmission lines, coupling paths, numerical simulation methods, screened rooms, incident voltages, modal components, anechoic room, radiated emissions, barrier shield, shielding properties, intrinsic impedance
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0849378923?v=glance (602 words)

	Enterprise & Industry - Electrical Equipment - Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
		Issues with respect to implementation are regularly considered at a working structure in which Member States, candidates, industry, conformity assessment bodies are all represented.
		The Directive 89/336/EEC will be repealed as from 20 July 2007 by the new Directive 2004/108/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 15 December 2004, on the approximation of the Laws of Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility, published in the OJEU on 31 December 2004 (L 390/24).
		For further information, if you have any query concerning the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive or the content of this site, please address your mail to the specific EMC functional e-mail box.
	ec.europa.eu /enterprise/electr_equipment/emc (419 words)

	Electromagnetic Compatibility
		Ensuring your electrical equipment is safe and does not interfere with the normal operation of other equipment is the basis for Electromagnetic Compatibility regulation.
		Electromagnetic Emissions relate to radio frequency waves that are emitted from an electronic device during normal operation.
		Electromagnetic Immunity refers to a product's ability to withstand a specified level of external electromagnetic interference.
	www.semiconductoronline.com /Content/ProductShowcase/product.asp?DocID={03B28F48-D754-11D4-A76E-00D0B7694F32}&VNETCOOKIE=NO (374 words)

	Equipment Standards: Electromagnetic Compatibility Index Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To deal with the problem of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), ACMA has introduced the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) regulatory arrangements under the
		The purpose of the regulation is to minimise electromagnetic interference between electronic products which may diminish the performance of electrical products or disrupt essential communications.
		This is increasingly important with the rapid growth in the use of electronic systems and digital technology in the commercial and domestic environments that all users can access the radiofrequency spectrum without risks from interference.
	www.acma.gov.au /ACMAINTER.65674:STANDARD:1713535752:pc=PC_2797 (255 words)

	ATI's Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility course
		This three-day course is designed for technicians, operators, and engineers who need an understanding of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) methodology and concepts.
		Previously he worked for Atlantic Research and taught courses on electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
		He is internationally recognized as a leader in the development of engineering technology for achieving EMC in communication and electronic systems.
	www.aticourses.com /introduction_emi.htm (486 words)

	Wiley::Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2nd Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As digital devices continue to be produced at increasingly lower costs and with higher speeds, the need for effective electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design practices has become more critical than ever to avoid unnecessary costs in bringing products into compliance with governmental regulations.
		Several appendices are new to this edition including Phasor Analysis of Electric Circuits, The Electromagnetic Field Equations and Waves, Computer Codes for Calculating the Per-Unit-Length Parameters and Crosstalk of Multiconductor Transmission Lines, and a SPICE (PSPICE) tutorial.
		Now thoroughly updated, the Second Edition of Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility remains the textbook of choice for university/college EMC courses as well as a reference for EMC design engineers.
	eu.wiley.com /WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471755001.html (385 words)

	TechOnLine - Electromagnetic-Compatibility Analysis Using TEM Cells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kresimir Malaric is an assistant at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
		His research interest area is electromagnetic compatibility and TEM-cell development.
		Transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission-line cells are devices used for establishing standard electromagnetic (EM) fields in a shielded environment.
	www.techonline.com /community/ed_resource/feature_article/14976__QG2371171101YE (1295 words)

	Cell Phones and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These guidelines were prompted in part by the increased use of cellular and wireless communication equipment in healthcare facilities and the need to minimize risks associated with electromagnetic interference.
		CDRH recommendation include the assessment of the electromagnetic environment of the facility, identification of areas where critical medical devices are used, coordination of the purchase and management of all electronic equipment, and the reporting of problems to FDA MedWatch program.
		Resources include on-site testing for estimated radiated electromagnetic immunity of medical devices to radio frequency transmitters.
	www.premierinc.com /all/safety/resources/cell_phones (174 words)

	Amazon.com: Electromagnetic Compatibility Handbook: Books: Kenneth L. Kaiser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I expect it should become a standard reference book for electromagnetic compatibility design and testing, as well as covering electrostatic discharge issues.
		The Electromagnetic Compatibility Handbook is an unprecedented compilation of the many approximations, guidelines, models, and rules-of-thumb used in EMC analyses, complete with their sources and their limitations.
		A simple definition for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is "electromagnetic fields living together in harmony." Read the first page
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0849320879?v=glance (1079 words)

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