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Topic: Electromagnetic interaction

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	Electromagnetic interaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electromagnetic interaction is a fundamental force of nature and is felt by charged leptons and quarks.
		Rutherford scattering showed that the electromagnetic field has a greater range than the weak or strong fields due to the photons having no mass, and travelling at the speed of light.
		Electromagnetic interactions are long range attractions or repulsions between any particles or antiparticles that have charge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electromagnetic_force (164 words)

	Electromagnetism -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The term "electromagnetism" comes from the fact that the electric and magnetic fields are closely intertwined, and, under many circumstances, it is impossible to consider the two separately.
		The term electrodynamics is sometimes used to refer to the combination of electromagnetism with (The branch of physics concerned with the motion of bodies in a frame of reference) mechanics.
		This theory, completed in the (The decade from 1940 to 1949) 1940s, is known as (A relativistic quantum theory of the electromagnetic interactions of photons and electrons and muons) quantum electrodynamics (or "QED"), and is one of the most accurate theories known to physics.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/el/electromagnetism.htm (708 words)

	THROUGH-FIELDS ENERGY
		The electromagnetic process itself, as a phenomenon, differentiates the thermodynamic energy from the energy that is generated through the fields, as is for example the tidal energy, generated by the gravitational force.
		It is known that all four fundamental interactions of matter: the strong nuclear force, the electromagnetic force, the weak nuclear force, and the gravitational force act on matter (as a vectorial sense) towards the atomic mass nuclear center.
		It is obvious that this interaction is directly proportional with the mass volume (the volume of the planetary mass), and inversely proportional with the square of the distance between the mass volume and the central gravitational force.
	www.geocities.com /radu_energy/en.html (1017 words)

	Electromagnetism - Wikipedia
		Electromagnetism is a theory developed by James Maxwell to explain the interrelationship between electricity and magnetism.
		Electromagnetism is a manifestation of the electromagnetic interaction (in particle physics.)
		The whole of electromagnetism is governed by Maxwells equations, which are compatible with and served as a motivation for the theory of relativity.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electromagnetism (735 words)

	Electromagnetism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The term electrodynamics is sometimes used to refer to the combination of electromagnetism with mechanics and deals with the effects of the electromagnetic field on the dynamic behavior of electrically charged particles.
		An accurate theory of electromagnetism, known as classical electromagnetism, was developed by various physicists over the course of the 19th century, culminating in the work of James Clerk Maxwell, who unified the preceding developments into a single theory and discovered the electromagnetic nature of light.
		In classical electromagnetism, the electromagnetic field obeys a set of equations known as Maxwell's equations, and the electromagnetic force is given by the Lorentz force law.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electromagnetism (1013 words)

	Electromagnetism
		The forces between atoms, including the attractive forces between atoms in a solid that give rise to the rigidity of solids, are predominantly electromagnetic, arising from the positive electric charge of the protons in atomic nuclei and the negative electric charge of the electrons surrounding the nuclei.
		The theory of classical electromagnetism was developed by various physicists over the course of the 19th century, culminating in the work of James Clerk Maxwell, who unified the preceding developments into a single theory and discovered the electromagnetic nature of light.
		Electrodynamics is that subfield of electromagnetism which deals with rapidly changing electric and magnetic fields, and their effects on the motion of charged particles.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/e/el/electromagnetism.html (329 words)

	Structure of the Universe
		The three fundamental interactions of the Standard Model are the electromagnetic, the strong, and the weak interactions, respectively.
		It is instructive to trace briefly the evolution of the quark interpretation of nuclear interaction.
		For the gravitational, the weak, and the electromagnetic interaction, the magnitude of the radius r is determined from the uncertainty relation,
	www.columbia.edu /~ah297/unesa/universe/universe-chapter4.html (2671 words)

	Encyclopedia: Electromagnetic interaction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Electromagnetic radiation or EM radiation is a combination (cross product) of oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other, moving through space as a wave, effectively transporting energy and momentum.
		The strong nuclear force or strong interaction (also called color force or colour force) is a fundamental force of nature which affects only quarks and antiquarks, and is mediated by gluons in a similar fashion to how the electromagnetic force is mediated by photons.
		Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field, encompassing all of space, composed of the electric field and the magnetic field.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Electromagnetic-interaction (545 words)

	Fundamental Forces
		The electromagnetic force is a force of infinite range which obeys the inverse square law, and is of the same form as the gravity force.
		This suggests the weak interaction mechanism for the decay of the pion, which is observed to happen by the muon pathway.
		The weak interaction in the electron form at left above is responsible for the decay of the neutron and for beta decay in general.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/forces/funfor.html (1170 words)

	CHAPTER 9 - ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
		The electromagnetic interaction plays a major role in determining both the structure of matter and the general interactions of matter.
		Electromagnetic radiation comes in a variety of different forms such as microwaves, radio waves, infra-red (heat) radiation, visible light, ultra-violet radiation, X rays and gamma rays.
		All of these forms of electromagnetic radiation are identical in the sense that they are oscillating electric and magnetic fields which all propogate at the velocity of light.
	faraday.physics.utoronto.ca /GeneralInterest/Logan/Poetry/CHAPTER9-10.html (5530 words)

	Fields (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The apparently nonlocal interaction between two charged bodies or two massive bodies is actually a local interaction between the field set up by one of the bodies and the charge or mass of the other body.
		The strength of the electromagnetic field of a point charge (a charge that has a very small physical size compared to its distance from other objects) is proportional to the value of the charge and decreases in inverse proportion to the square of the distance from the charge.
		The interaction of an electromagnetic field with an electron's charge is actually the result of the interaction of this field with the quantum field of the electron.
	www.levity.com /mavericks/fields.htm (665 words)

	Glossary
		Specific cases are the electric and magnetic forces.The electromagnetic force is carried by photons.
		Interactions that change the flavour of particles; for example thedecay of a neutron into a proton,electron, and anti-neutrino; are governed bythe weak force.
		An electromagnet produced by current flowing through a single coil of wire.Many particle detectors are surrounded by a solenoidal magnet, since thisproduces a fairly uniform magnetic field within.
	hepwww.rl.ac.uk /Pub/Phil/glossary.html (815 words)

	Investigating Matter and its Interactions
		All chemistry and hence all biology is a direct consequence of electromagnetic interaction of atoms and molecules.
		The weak nuclear interaction was recognized with the discovery of radioactive decay by Henri Becquerel in 1896.
		This interaction is one of the strongest per unit of space known.
	www.msnucleus.org /membership/html/k-6/as/physics/6/asp6_1a.html (1006 words)

	INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH ELECTRON BEAMS AND PLASMAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter has always been a fascinating subject of study.
		As matter in the universe is mostly in the plasma state, the study of electromagnetic waves in plasmas is of importance to astrophysics, space physics and ionospheric physics.
		The physics of electromagnetic wave interacting with electron beams and plasmas also serves as a basis for coherent radiation generation such as free electron laser and gyrotron and advanced accelerators.
	www.worldscibooks.com /physics/2189.htm (294 words)

	Unification of Forces
		The discovery of the W and Z particles, the intermediate vector bosons, in 1983 brought experimental verification of particles whose prediction had already contributed to the Nobel prize awarded to Weinberg, Salam, and Glashow in 1979.
		The photon, the particle involved in the electromagnetic interaction, along with the W and Z provide the necessary pieces to unify the weak and electromagnetic interactions.
		But since the exchange particle for the electromagnetic part is the massless photon and the exchange particles for the weak interaction are the massive W and Z particles, the symmetry was spontaneously broken when the available energy dropped below about 80 GeV and the weak and electromagnetic forces take on a distinctly different look.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/forces/unify.html (897 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena spanning all length scales, from the sub-nuclear particles of which all ordinary matter is made (particle physics) to the material Universe as a whole (cosmology).
		The properties of a chemical are determined by the properties of the underlying molecules, which are accurately described by areas of physics such as quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism.
		The electroweak force, the unification of the weak nuclear force with electromagnetism, was proposed by Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg and confirmed in 1964 by James Watson Cronin and Val Fitch.
	conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Physics (3492 words)

	The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004 - Information for the Public
		The electromagnetic interaction is responsible for a number of common phenomena in the world that surrounds us, such as friction, magnetism and the fact that neither we nor objects we lay aside fall through the floor.
		Both the electromagnetic interaction and the gravitational interaction are mediated by force carriers, the graviton and the photon (the light particle).
		It is closely related to the electromagnetic interaction and the two interactions are said to be united in the electroweak interaction, which was elucidated in the 1970s.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/2004/public.html (2775 words)

	Press Release: The 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics
		The weak interaction finds practical application in the radioactive elements used in medicine and technology, which are in general beta-radioactive, and in the beta-decay of a carbon isotope into nitrogen, which is the basis for the carbon-14 method for dating of organic archaeological remains.
		However, a satisfactory description of the weak interaction between particles at low energy could be given only after the discovery in 1956 that the weak force differs from the other forces in not being reflection symmetric; in other words, the weak force makes a distinction between left and right.
		An important consequence of the theory is that the weak interaction is carried by particles having some properties in common - with the photon, which carries the electromagnetic interaction between charged particles.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/1979/press.html (1015 words)

	Psychic Journal - Psychophysics: A Wholistic Approach to Energy Healing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When the electromagnetic energy of the room was decreased, auric fields were observed to become randomly disorganized, scattered and incoherent.
		When the electromagnetic energy of the room was increased beyond normal levels, the auric fields returned to normal patterns and lightened in color with increased white vibrations.
		Interaction of the electromagnetic energy of living organisms has been explored extensively and yielded some surprising results.
	www.kajama.com /archives/981012/981012F1c.htm (967 words)

	Electromagnetic Gravitational Interaction
		In the article some mechanisms of electromagnetic gravitational interaction will be considered in the view of the Unified Theory of Field, Space and Time.
		The amplitude of electromagnetic and magnetogravitational constituents of the unified electromagnetic gravitational oscillations depends on field potential of opposite nature.
		The electromagnetic constituent is determined by gravitational potential and the magnetogravitational one is determined by electric potential.
	www.uic.nnov.ru /~kovy2/conf_in.htm (1513 words)

	Hadronic interaction models and Decay of unstable particles
		The distance a particle travels before it undergoes its next interaction or decay is determined by the cross section for a hadronic reaction together with the atmospheric density distribution along the flight path, and the probability to decay.
		A decay length and an interaction length are determined independently at random and the shorter one is taken as the actual path length.
		For all the other unstable particles there is a competition between interaction and decay processes and the decision is taken when calculating the actual mean free path.
	www.gae.ucm.es /~marcos/tesina/html/node39.html (372 words)

	Managing Electromagnetic Compatibility Between Wireless and Medical Devices
		The threshold distance to detect any interaction (not necessarily annoying) was 1 m (3.3 ft) between the hearing aid and the phone.
		Even when an interaction was observed, the pacemaker returned to normal operation as soon as the phone was removed from the near vicinity.
		However, interaction with analog was the least frequent of all the tests.
	www.ce-mag.com /archive/1999/mayjune/Grant.html (2554 words)

	Electromagnetic interaction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Electromagnetic interaction is a fundamental force of nature and is felt by charged leptonleptons and quarkquarks.
		Rutherford scattering showed that the electromagnetic field has a greater range than the weak interactionweak or strong interactionstrong fields due to the photons having no mass, and travelling at the speed of light/.
		WE GET most of our knowledge of the world around us through light, which is composed of electromagnetic waves.
	www.infothis.com /find/Electromagnetic_interaction (229 words)

	Autoresonance interaction of electromagnetic impulse with collisionless plasma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The process of the high power electromagnetic pulse propagation in a collisionless plasma in the autoresonance regime is simulated by the particle-in-cell method.
		The case of the wave incidence from the vacuum and self-consistent processes excitation in the boundary plasma region is investi-gated.
		It is shown that the particle oscillations in the longitudinal electric field may lead to the break-up of the initial perturbation into several smaller size pulses.
	www.vimi.ru /applphys/appl-02/02-5/02-5-3e.htm (85 words)

	Virtual fixture for reducing electromagnetic interaction between an electrodeless lamp and a metallic fixture - Patent ...
		The configuration of the shorted turn, in terms of the location and amount of surface area occupied thereby, is optimized to minimize interaction between the excitation coil and any metallic fixture and to avoid interfering with lamp starting and light output.
		The changes in lamp performance upon installation in a fixture are caused by interaction between the electromagnetic fields produced by the excitation coil in the electrodeless fluorescent lamp and the conductive shell of the fixture.
		In one embodiment, the thickness of the metal comprising the shorted turn is at least the skin depth at the operating frequency of the lamp to ensure that substantially all the magnetic field generated by excitation coil 14 at the location of the shorted turn induces currents to flow therein.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5461284.html (2132 words)

	Theses from Uppsala University : 4282 - Interaction between Electromagnetic Waves and Localized Plasma Oscillations
		The Z mode leakage is investigated and the theory predicts non-Lorentzian skewed shapes of the resonances for the emitted Z mode radiation.
		Further, the interaction between individual striations facilitated by the Z mode leakage is investigated.
		The LHSS are observed by spacecraft in the ionosphere and magnetosphere as localized waves in the lower hybrid (LH) frequency range that coincides with density cavities.
	publications.uu.se /theses/abstract.xsql?dbid=4282 (512 words)

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