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Topic: Electron (disambiguation)


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  Electron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Our understanding of how electrons behave has been significantly modified during the past century, the greatest advances being the development of quantum mechanics in the 20th century and the idea of wave-particle duality, that is, that electrons show both wave-like and particle-like properties, to varying degrees.
Electron beams are used in welding, lithography, scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes.
The antimatter counterpart of the electron is the positron.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electron   (2022 words)

  
 Atom - The Encyclopedia
Electrons are bound to the nucleus by photons carrying the electromagnetic force.
Under some circumstances an electron may be excited to a higher energy level (that is, it absorbs energy from an external source and leaps to a higher shell), leaving a space in a lower shell.
An electron may move from a lower-energy orbital to a higher-energy orbital by absorbing a photon with energy equal to the difference between the energies of the two levels.
www.the-encyclopedia.com /description/Atom   (3501 words)

  
 Electron - the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
In an atom the electrons surround the nucleusof protons and neutrons in an electron configuration.
The electron is one of a class of subatomic particles called leptons which arebelieved to be fundamental particles (that is, they cannot bebroken down into smaller constituent parts).
The antimatter counterpart of the electron is its antiparticle, the positron.
www.world-knowledge-encyclopedia.com /?t=E-   (1161 words)

  
 Electron - Biocrawler   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
In an atom the electrons surround the nucleus of protons and neutrons in an electron configuration.
The electron does not exhibit motion in the physical sense — it does not "float"; rather, it seems to appear in and out of existence, at various points around the nucleus (of course, 90% of the time the electron can be found in its designated orbital).
The discovery that the electron was a subatomic particle was made in 1897 by Thomson at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, while he was studying "cathode rays".
www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Electron   (1539 words)

  
 Transmission electron microscopy - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
Electrons are generated by a process known as thermionic discharge in the same manner as the at the cathode in a cathode ray tube, or by field emission; they are then accelerated by an electric field and focussed by electrical and magnetic fields onto the sample.
A crystalline material interacts with the electron beam mostly by diffraction rather than absorption, although the intensity of the transmitted beam is still affected by the volume and density of the material through which it passes.
The intensity of the diffraction depends on the orientation of the planes of atoms in a crystal relative to the electron beam — at certain angles the electron beam is diffracted strongly, sending electrons away from the axis of the incoming beam, while at other angles the beam is largely transmitted.
www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/TEM   (1679 words)

  
 Electron Encyclopedia Articles @ 216.92.11.26 ()   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The word electron was coined in 1894 by George Stoney and is derived from the term electric force introduced by William Gilbert.
This is an effect common to all elementary particles: The particle is understood to influence the vacuum fluctuations in its vicinity, so that the properties one observes from far away are the sum of the bare properties and the vacuum effects (see renormalization).
In Dirac's model, an electron is a point-like, charged "bare" particle surrounded by a sea of interacting pairs of virtual particles and antiparticles.
216.92.11.26 /encyclopedia/Electron   (1435 words)

  
 Electron
The electron does not exhibit motion in the physical sense - it does not "float"; rather, it seems to appear in and out of existence, at various points around the nucleus (of course, 90% of the time the electron can be found in its designated orbital).
The cathode ray tube of a television set uses an electron beam in a vacuum to generate the image on the phosphorescent screen.
The electron was discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897 at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, while studying "cathode rays".
www.askfactmaster.com /Electron   (1047 words)

  
 Electron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The understanding of electrons has changed dramatically over the centuries, the most significant perhaps being the development of quantum mechanics in the 20th century and the idea of particle/wave duality, that is, electrons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties.
This is the radius that is inferred from the electron's charge, by using the classical theory of electrodynamics alone, and ignoring quantum mechanics.
Electrons are also a key element in electromagnetism, an approximate theory that is adequate for macroscopic systems, and for classical modelling of microscopic systems.
en.wikilib.org /wiki/Electron   (1731 words)

  
 Hydrogen - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
The electron is bound to the proton by the Coulomb force, the electrical force that one stationary, electrically charged nanoparticle exerts on another.
This is done by modeling the electron as revolving around the proton, much like the earth revolving around the sun, except that the sun holds earth in orbit with the force of gravity, but the proton holds the electron in orbit with the force of electromagnetism.
The electronic ground state energy level is split into fine structure levels because of magnetic effects due to the quantum mechanical spin of the electron and proton.
www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/CGH2   (3224 words)

  
 electron Information Center - electra
Electrons in motion constitute electric current which may be used by scientists and engineers to measure scanning electron microscopy many physical properties.
The electron is one of a class electron microscopes of subatomic particles called leptons carmon electra which are believed to be fundamental particles (that is, they cannot be broken down into smaller constituent parts).
Electrons are also a key element in electromagnetism, an approximate theory that is adequate for macroscopic systems, and for classical carmen electra posters modelling of microscopic systems.
www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Chemistry_Topics_E_-_F/electron.html   (1663 words)

  
 Electron - Gurupedia
The electron has two more massive partners, with the same charge but different masses: the muon and the tau.
An electron bound to a nucleus behaves as a standing wave.
It is believed that the number of electrons that would fit in the known universe is 10 followed by 130 zeros.
www.gurupedia.com /e/el/electrons.htm   (477 words)

  
 ScienceDaily: Electron   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The understanding of electrons has changed dramatically over the centuries, the most significant perhaps being the development of quantum mechanics in the 20th century and the idea of particle wave duality, that is, electrons can exhibit wave-like and particle like properties.
The electron is an elementary particle — it has no substructure (at least, experiments have not found any so far, and there is good reason to believe that there is not any).
Electron -- The electron is a fundamental subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge.
www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/electron   (2960 words)

  
 Atom : search word
Atoms are composed of subatomic particles (protons, electrons, and neutrons).
As electrons join an atom, they fall into the lowest energy shell; that is, the orbitals closest to the nucleus (the first shell).
column) 1 elements contain one electron on their outer shell; Group 2, two electrons; Group 3, three electrons; etc. As a general rule, the fewer electrons in an atom's valence shell, the more reactive it is. Group 1 metals are therefore very reactive, with caesium, rubidium, and francium being the most reactive of all elements.
www.searchword.org /at/atom.html   (1867 words)

  
 Education Resources » Atoms
Electrons that are furthest from the nucleus may be transferred to other nearby atoms or even shared between atoms.
When electrons deep inside large atoms are knocked out (for example by beta radiation), replacement atoms fall deep into the electric potential of the nucleus, producing high-energy x-rays.
At first, it was believed that the electrons were distributed more or less uniformly in a sea of positive charge (the plum pudding model).
www.thecatalyst.org /resource/2006/04/21/Atoms   (3963 words)

  
 Positron - Free net encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
Image:Cloud chamber - visible trace of positron.JPGThe positron is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron.
When a low-energy positron annihilates with an electron, their mass is converted into the kinetic energy of two gamma ray photons (See electron-positron annihilation.).
Anderson also unsuccessfully suggested renaming electrons "negatrons." The positron was the first evidence of antimatter and was discovered by passing cosmic rays through a gas chamber and a lead plate surrounded by a magnet to distinguish the particles by bending differently charged particles in different directions.
www.netipedia.com /index.php/Positron   (462 words)

  
 Electrons   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
Electrons have an electrical charge and when they move, they generate an electric current.
The spin of an electron is observed in the
The antimatter counterpart of the electron is its antiparticle, the
www.writen4u.com /public/Electrons.asp   (1310 words)

  
 Electron (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Electron (computer hacker), a member of the Australian hacking group The Realm
The L-188W Electron, an Argentine Navy variant of the Lockheed L-188 Electra aircraft suitable for electronic warfare
This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electron_(disambiguation)   (127 words)

  
 The Ultimate Transmission electron microscopy Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an imaging technique whereby a beam of electrons is focused onto a specimen causing an enlarged version to appear on a fluorescent screen or layer of photographic film (see electron microscope), or can be detected by a CCD camera.
Like all matter, electrons have both wave and particle properties (as demonstrated by Louis-Victor de Broglie), and their wave-like properties mean that a beam of electrons can in some circumstances be made to behave like a beam of radiation.
Electrons are generated by a process known as thermionic discharge in the same manner as the at the cathode in a cathode ray tube, or by field emission; they are then accelerated by an electric field and focussed by electrical and magnetic fields on to the sample.
www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Transmission_electron_microscopy   (875 words)

  
 Qwika - similar:William_Crookes
A is a low voltage power supply to heat cathode C. B is a high voltage power supply to energize the phosphor-coated anode P. Shadow mask M is connected to the cathode potential and its image is seen on the phosphor as an non-glowing area.
Cathode rays are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes, i.e.
Electron The first few hydrogen atom electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density Classification Elementary particle Fermion Lepton First Generation Electron Properties Mass: 9.109 3826(16) × 10−31 kg 1⁄1836.152 672 61(85) amu 0.510...
www.qwika.com /rels/William_Crookes   (1522 words)

  
 Ion - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
A negatively charged ion, which has more electrons in its electron shells than it has protons in its nuclei, is known as an anion, for it is attracted to anodes; a positively-charged ion, which has fewer electrons than protons, is known as a cation (pronounced cat-eye-on), for it is attracted to cathodes.
In the simple view of the Free electron model, a passing electron is therefore not attracted to a neutral atom and cannot bind to it.
Contrary to all other atomic electrons, the extraneous electron in negative ions is initially not bound by the Coulomb interaction, but by polarization of the neutral atom.
www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Ion   (1027 words)

  
 Neutrino - Free net encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
This effect was first noticed due to the number of electron neutrinos detected from the sun's core failing to match the expected numbers, a discrepancy dubbed the "solar neutrino problem".
An electron in the detector produces an electromagnetic shower which can be distinguished from hadronic showers if the granularity of the active detector is small compared to the physical extent of the shower.
For example, one would expect that if there is a fourth class of fermions beyond the electron, muon, and taon generations of particles, that a fourth generation neutrino would be the easiest to generate in a particle accelerator.
www.netipedia.com /index.php/Neutrino   (3639 words)

  
 Ions - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The energy required to detach an electron in its lowest energy state from an atom or molecule of a gas with less net electric charge is called the ionization potential, or ionization energy.
The ionization energy of metals is generally much lower than the ionization energy of nonmetals, which is why metals will generally lose electrons to form positively-charged ions while nonmetals will generally gain electrons to form negatively-charged ions.
Ions were first theorized by Michael Faraday around 1830, to describe the portions of molecules that travel either to an anode or to a cathode.
www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Ions   (1027 words)

  
 math lessons - Ion   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
A negatively charged ion, which has gained one or more electrons, is known as an anion, and a positively charged ion, which has lost one or more electrons, is known as a cation.
Ionized atoms or groups of atoms are denoted by superscripting with the number of electrons lost or gained (if more than one) and the sign (+ or −) of the electric charge, e.g.
The energy required to produce a cation by stripping an electron from a more nearly neutral atom is the ionization energy.
www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Ion   (413 words)

  
 Electron info here at en.getsearchinformation.info   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The accelerator at SLAC is an electron accelerator.
Thus an electron and an electron neutrino both have electron number +1 while...
Electrons are negatively charged particles that surround the atom's nucleus...
en.getsearchinformation.info /Electron   (58 words)

  
 PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway: Search/Browse Results   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
Electron The first few hydrogen atom electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density Classification...
1: The wavefunctions of an electron in a hydrogen atom possessing definite energy (increasing downward: n =1,2,3,...) and angular momentum (increasin...
Applet: Electron Configurations Use this applet to explore in which order the atomic shells are filled with electrons.
www.psigate.ac.uk /roads/cgi-bin/search_webcatalogue2.pl?limit=450&term1=hydrogen   (883 words)

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