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	[No title]
		The Journal of Electron Microscopy is the official journal of the Japanese Society of Microscopy, the second largest society of microscopy in the world.
		Electron microscopy is unique among analytical techniques in that it provides the ability to examine the morphologies, internal structures, crystallography, and compositions of materials at close to atomic resolution.
		The essential elements of an electron microscope are a high-vacuum column, an electron gun (a thermal or field emission electron emitter), a system of magnetic lenses to focus the electrons before (and after) interacting with the specimen, beam-scanning coils for rastering the electron beam across the specimen.
	www.lycos.com /info/electron--electron-microscopy.html (470 words)

	What are Electron Microscopes? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Electron Microscopes are scientific instruments that use a beam of highly energetic electrons to examine objects on a very fine scale.
		Electron Microscopes were developed due to the limitations of Light Microscopes which are limited by the physics of light to 500x or 1000x magnification and a resolution of 0.2 micrometers.
		Electron Microscopes(EMs) function exactly as their optical counterparts except that they use a focused beam of electrons instead of light to "image" the specimen and gain information as to its structure and composition.
	www.unl.edu /CMRAcfem/em.htm (428 words)

	Botany online: Microscopy - Electron Microscopy
		The power of resolution of electron microscopy is usually restrained by the quality of the lens-systems and especially by the technique with which the preparation has been achieved.
		The greater the mass of the atoms, the greater is the degree of deflection.
		The scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM): In this development of the SEM do the electrons pass through the preparation and the secondary radiation thus generated is used for image formation.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e03/03e.htm (782 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The electron gun in a scanning electron microscope is the source for the electron beam used to probe the sample.
		Electrons are emitted from a cathode, accelerated by passage through electrical fields and focussed to a first optical image of the source.
		This beam of electrons will be focussed by the shape of the field gradient to a cross-over just before the anode, forming the first optical image of the source and ensuring that a larger percentage of the electrons will pass through the aperture of the anode.
	www.sem.com /analytic/sem.htm (4648 words)

	Center for Electron Microscopy
		Light microscopy, the type of microscopy most of us have seen in school or on television, uses a series of lenses that bend visible light waves to create a magnified image.
		Some of the electrons flow through a small hole that is in the plate, creating a beam of electrons that we aim at our sample with the help of magnetic lenses.
		The electron microscope we have at Bigelow is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
	www.bigelow.org /electron (551 words)

	Steve's place - Electron Microscopy
		Accelerating an electron to this speed needs a very high voltage, about 100 000 V. This sounds a lot, but in fact, the energy required is rarely limiting to the resolving power of the electron microscope.
		Electrons are difficult to focus, and require magnetic coils for this, not glass.
		Electron density increases with atomic number, so only heavy atoms work well, and there are few of these in the cell naturally.
	www.steve.gb.com /science/electron_microscopy.html (2055 words)

	Transmission electron microscopy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an imaging technique whereby a beam of electrons is focused onto a specimen causing an enlarged version to appear on a fluorescent screen or layer of photographic film (see electron microscope), or to be detected by a CCD camera.
		Electrons are generated by a process known as thermionic discharge in the same manner as the cathode in a cathode ray tube, or by field emission; they are then accelerated by an electric field and focused by electrical and magnetic fields onto the sample.
		A crystalline material interacts with the electron beam mostly by diffraction rather than absorption, although the intensity of the transmitted beam is still affected by the volume and density of the material through which it passes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transmission_electron_microscope (1810 words)

	Spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy
		The spin polarization of the secondary electrons is strongly dependent on the secondary electron energy, as indicated in Figure 2.
		Since the intensity of secondary electrons is also highest at the lowest energies, an efficient instrument for magnetic-domain imaging collects the abundance of electrons from a relatively large energy window (typically 0 to 10 eV) with their high spin polarization.
		Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) [27] is also a scanning probe technique that requires a flat surface because the tipsample spacing has to be held constant by changing the length of a piezoelectric element, which is usually limited to a submicrometer length scale.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/444/allenspach.html (7842 words)

	Electron microscopy workshop
		The world of electron microscopy -- zooming in on the tiniest parts of the world -- is teetering on better-than-ever resolution, which means improved science and research.
		The researchers at the workshop, which is hosted by the Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, are assessing the present state of analytical electron microscopy and its impact on the physical sciences.
		Electron microscopy is important because it allows scientists to see and understand objects at the nanoscale, said David Muller, Cornell associate professor of applied and engineering physics, and a conference organizer.
	www.news.cornell.edu /stories/July06/Kavli.microscopy.ssl.html (490 words)

	Reading on Optical vs Electron Microscopy
		The attractive feature of optical microscopy is that it is so easy: samples can be analyzed in air or water, the images are in natural color with magnifications of up to one hundred to one thousand times, and modern semiconductor electronics with charge-coupled devices (CCD) allow image processing.
		This field arises because of the method in which the data is obtained with a fine electron beam scanned over the surface and with the detected secondary electrons forming an image on the "TV"-like monitor.
		Electrons are light-weight (1/1836 the mass of the proton) and are scattered or absorbed in air.
	acept.la.asu.edu /PiN/rdg/elmicr/versus.shtml (528 words)

	7.2 Electron Microscopy - SEM & SAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As the primary electron beam is scanned across the surface, electrons of a wide range of energies will be emitted from the surface in the region where the beam is incident.
		These electrons will include backscattered primary electrons and Auger electrons, but the vast majority will be secondary electrons formed in multiple inelastic scattering processes (these are the electrons that contribute to the background and are completely ignored in Auger spectroscopy).
		The secondary electron current reaching the detector is recorded and the microscope image consists of a "plot" of this current, I, against probe position on the surface.
	www.chem.qmul.ac.uk /surfaces/scc/scat7_2.htm (423 words)

	Electron microscope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first practical electron microscope was built at the University of Toronto in 1938, by Eli Franklin Burton and students Cecil Hall, James Hillier and Albert Prebus.
		The original form of electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) involves a high voltage electron beam emitted by a cathode and formed by magnetic lenses.
		Unlike the TEM, where electrons are detected by beam transmission, the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) produces images by detecting secondary electrons which are emitted from the surface due to excitation by the primary electron beam.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electron_microscope (1590 words)

	The Electron Microscopy Center @ USC
		Secondary electrons are used to obtain secondary electron images, which is a function of surface morphology of a sample.
		Backscattered electrons are used to obtain backscattered electron images that are a function of average atomic number of a sample.
		Transmitted and diffracted electrons are used to obtain images and electron diffraction pattern of a sample.
	emc.biol.sc.edu (162 words)

	Office of Research & Sponsored Programs
		Electron Microscopy has been part of the research environment at WMC for over 40 years.
		The facility has a JOEL 100CX-II transmission electron microscope equipped with a ASID unit enabling scanning EM, ultramicrotomes, a paraffin microtome, cryostat, 2 vacuum evaporators, critical point dryer and sputter coater, a low temperature UV chamber for polymerization of acrylic resins for immuno EM, and an automated tissue processor for paraffin embedding.
		Paraffin Embedding for Light Microscopy: The TissueTek VIP 150 automated tissue processing unit and the accompanying embedding console is available for paraffin embedding for light microscopy applications.
	www.med.cornell.edu /research/rea_sup/elec_microscopy.html (275 words)

	Glossary of Electron Microscopy Terms
		Detection of Backscattered Electrons is achieved by using a "donut" shaped solid state semiconductor device mounted on the bottom of the objective lens.
		An electron probe is tightly focused on a TEM specimen and the resulting pattern of diffracted electrons is observed.
		Electrons and their orbits around the nucleus of an atom account for most of the physical properties of the element.
	www.unl.edu /CMRAcfem/glossary.htm (1402 words)

	Electron Microscopy UMass Amherst (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		W.M. Keck Electron Microscopy Laboratory is a part of the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center and the Silvio O. Conte National Center for Polymer Research at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
		It is equipped with several transmission electron microscopes, scanning electron microscopes and related sample preparation equipment for the use of the UMass community as well as people from outside the University.
		The mission of the Keck Electron Microscopy Laboratory is to provide access to material characterization equipment, technical support, training and consultation, as well as to perform a range of services for users in the area of electron microscopy.
	www.umassmicroscopy.com (275 words)

	Electron microscopy - definition from Biology-Online.org
		in transmission electron microscopy the diffraction and adsorption of electrons as the electron beam passes normally through the specimen is imaged to provide information on the specimen.
		in scanning electron microscopy an electron beam falls at a nonnormal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the scattered and reflected electrons.
		secondary x-rays generated by the interaction of electrons with various elements in the specimen may be used for electron microprobe analysis.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Electron_microscopy (181 words)

	Electron Microscopy Research
		Scanning electron microscopy examines structure by bombarding the specimen with a scanning beam of electrons and then collecting slow moving secondary electrons that the specimen generates.
		Transmission electron microscopy examines structure by passing electrons through the specimen.
		Transmission Electron microscopes are used to penetrate the surface structures of intracellular elements.
	www.ucsfeye.net /electronmicroscopy.shtml (207 words)

	Electron Microscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Our electron microscopes are equipped with energy dispersive x-ray analyzers that allow for chemical analysis of structures as small as a few tens of nanometers.
		Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM), like ordinary optical microscopy, allows the viewer to see through a transparent object; the difference is in the magnification provided, which in the TEM is far greater than optical microscopes are capable.
		Electron diffraction is used in the study of crystallography especially of very small single crystal samples.
	www.macslab.com /electron.html (423 words)

	SSD History - Electron Microscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The electron microscopy program initiated by Tom Noggle in the 1960s played an important role in early investigations of radiation damage defect clusters in metals and in the exploration of ion channeling and ion implantation, including fundamental ion beam radiation damage simulations.
		In the 1970s and 1980s, Mike Ohr broadened the microscopy program to the study of fracture and performed a series of pioneering in-situ electron microscopy studies of the behavior of crack tip dislocation motion under brittle and ductile conditions.
		Although the electron microscope at the time could only produce a 50-Å scanning probe, it was clear that by detecting the (largely incoherent) high-angle scattering, a chemically sensitive image could be obtained that was complementary to the conventional structural images obtained by diffraction or phase contrast.
	www.ornl.gov /sci/cmsd/main/History/ElectronMicroscopy.html (553 words)

	Electron Microscopy Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Diagnostic Electron Microscopy Laboratory was established in 1965 as a part of the Pathology Department.
		The electron microscope is a tool that projects electrons through extremely thin tissue sections to produce a two-dimensional image on the screen or photograph.
		The laboratory is located in the basement of the Medical Research Center and is equipped with a JEOL 1011 Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Reichert-Jung Ultracut E ultramicrotomes.
	www.healthcare.uiowa.edu /pathology/path_folder/service/apsection/electron_microscopy.html (163 words)

	UVM College of Medicine - Microscopy Imaging Center Home Page
		The Microscopy Imaging Center (MIC), is a College of Medicine Core Facility designed as a multi-user resource for the collection and analysis of biological images for clinical and research applications.
		The Vermont Cancer Center, (VCC), a component of the University of Vermont College of Medicine, is one of 39 NCI Designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers in the United States.
		The Microscopy Imaging Center is a key resource facilitating VCC research.
	www.med.uvm.edu /microscopyimaging/HP-DEPT.asp?SiteAreaID=513 (140 words)

	Electron Microscopy
		We use a CM12 transmission Electron Microscope from Philips.
		The 3D structure of core RNA polymerase was solved by computer processing of the images of such 2D crystals tilted 0 - 60 degrees to the incident electron beam.
		Additional information on core RNA polymerase structure, crystallization conditions and electron crystallography can be found in our recent paper (Polyakov et al., Cell 1995, 83, pp 365-373).
	www.rockefeller.edu /labheads/darst/em.htm (305 words)

	Electron Microscopy For Dummies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the tradition of IDG Books' "… For Dummies" series, this project is an exploration on the basics of electron microscopy in single particle reconstruction, and it's applications to biology.
		It is intended for the beginner, who has not previously been exposed in much detail to electron microscopy.
		It is meant for an audience that has some science background, but has not had extensive exposure to the subject of electron microscopy before.
	cryoem.berkeley.edu /~nieder/em_for_dummies (259 words)

	Electron Microscopy Center at Northeastern University
		The Electron Microscopy Center was created in 1974 as a central university facility with the mission of research and education in microscopy.
		The Electron Microscopy Center is housed in a recently renovated laboratory complex consisting of six research rooms located in the Mugar Life Sciences Building on Northeastern's Boston campus.
		A course in Biological Electron Microscopy (Bio 3601) is offered yearly in conjunction with the Department of Biology, as well as a course on Scanning Electron Microscopy.
	www.dac.neu.edu /biology/em/index.html (244 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Electron Microscope Unit is equipped with state of the art scanning and transmission electron microscopes.
		The scanning electron microscope includes a cryo-stage that permits the imaging of fast frozen materials that allows an investigator to obtain images of the surface of biological and physical materials unaltered by preparative procedures.
		All of the microscopes of the Electron Microscope Unit are in the process of being outfitted with digital cameras eliminating the need for darkroom work and permitting any collaborating investigator to use images generated to prepare figures for manuscripts and grants.
	emu.arsusda.gov (389 words)

	Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc. Scientific Stock Photography
		The science image library holds over 1,800 light microscopy images and electron microscopy images (colorized and fl & white) taken by Dennis Kunkel Ph.D. In addition to the images on this site, our archives contain thousands of fl & white electron micrographs for which colorizations may be arranged.
		Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc. is a scientific stock photography agency (science stock photography) featuring biology, medical and biomedical science stock photographs / pictures taken with light microscopes (LM) and electron microscopes (transmission electron microscope - TEM; scanning electron microscope - SEM).
		Microscopy photographs (science images, electron microscope images) are available for licensed use in editorial and commercial formats including: advertising, magazines, textbooks, television, brochures, documentaries, movies, museum exhibitions, science books, trade books, children's books, posters, products, reports, trade shows, video, CD-ROMs and other commercial projects (science stock photography).
	www.denniskunkel.com (225 words)

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