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Topic: Electron transport chain

	Electron transport chain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electron transport chains (also called electron transfer chains) are biochemical reactions that produce ATP, which is the energy currency of life.
		Electrons from these donors are passed through an electron transport chain to oxygen, which is reduced to water.
		The electrons are transferred to special chlorophyll molecules (imbedded in PS II) that are promoted to a higher-energy state by the energy of photons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electron_transport_chain (4153 words)

	Crista - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As those electrons travel further through the electron transport chain in the inner membrane, energy is gradually released and used to pump the hydrogen ions from the splitting of NADH and FADH
		The electron transport chain requires a constant supply of electrons in order to properly function and generate ATP.
		This means that combined with the Krebs Cycle and glycolysis, the efficiency for the electron transport chain is about 65%, as compared to only 3.5% efficiency for glycolysis alone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crista (454 words)

	Electron Transport Chain
		Explanation: Electron transport chains are associated with membranes, such as the mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic organisms, the thylakoid membrane of photosynthetic organisms, and the plasma membrane of prokaryotic organisms.
		Excited electrons are brought to the electron transport chain by electron carriers such as NADH and FADH2.
		The electron donor is oxidized as the electrons are passed to the first protein complex in the chain.
	www.sci.uidaho.edu /bionet/biol115/t4_energy/etc.htm (285 words)

	Biological Oxidations, Oxidative Phosphorylation
		Because it is not practical to measure electron concentrations directly, the electron energy potential of a redox system is determined from the electrical potential or voltage of the individual half cells, relative to a standard half cell.
		) in the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation.
		Electrons from succinate have about 2/3 the energy of NADH electrons: they generate PMFs that are about 2/3 as great as NADH electrons and lead to the synthesis of only 2 moles of ATP per mole of succinate oxidized.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/oxidative-phosphorylation.html (3279 words)

	ATP Production: An Introduction
		The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient by transporting protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembranal space.
		As it is oxidized, Cyt c conveys its electrons to the cytochrome oxidase complex.
		For each high energy electron pair that travels from NADH down the electron transport chain to oxygen, enough proton-motive force is created to produce a maximum of three ATPs.
	home.earthlink.net /~dayvdanls/CampOLs/RespETS.html (1042 words)

	ODU Biology 108N: Cytochrome Electron Transport System
		In terminal electron transport, which is the final stage of respiration, these high-energy-level electrons are passed step-by-step to the low energy level of oxygen.
		The components of the electron transport chain are arranged sequentially in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
		As the electrons drop to lower energy levels during their transit through the electron transport chain, the released energy is used by the protein complexes to pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space.
	www.lions.odu.edu /~knesius/miniunits/epsilon/epsilon7.html (2065 words)

	Electron Transport Chain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The electrons are passed from complex I to an electron carrier which transports the electrons to complex II.
		The electrons are passed from complex II to an electron carrier which transports the electrons to complex III.
		Energy released from electron transport is used to transport protons from the matrix, across the inner membrane, into the intermembrane space.
	www.park.edu /bhoffman/courses/bi231/recaps/electrontransa.htm (993 words)

	electron-transport-chain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The oxidation of NADH occurs in a stepwise manner involving an electron transport chain.
		ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN is fixed in composition and is longer and generates more energy than that of E. coli.
		ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN and are not reoxidised by molecular oxygen.
	electron-transport-chain.com (759 words)

	The Electron Transport Chain - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The electron transport system is a chain of electron acceptors embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
		As they pass along the chain of electron acceptors, they lose much of their energy, some of which is used to pump the protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
		Electrons are passed along from one cytochrome to the next in the chain, losing energy as they go.
	hem.passagen.se /hazard1/projekt/intro.htm (398 words)

	The Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Depending on the type of cell, the electron transport chain may be found in the cytoplasmic membrane or the inner membrane of mitochondria.
		In prokaryotic cells, the protons are transported from the cytoplasm of the bacterium across the cytoplasmic membrane to the periplasmic space located between the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall.
		In eukaryotic cells, protons are transported from the matrix of the mitochondria across the inner mitochondrial membrane to the intermembrane space located between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes (see Fig.
	www.cat.cc.md.us /courses/bio141/lecguide/unit4/metabolism/cellresp/etsch.html (653 words)

	SparkNotes: Oxidative Phosphorylation and Electron Transport: The Electron Transport Chain
		SparkNotes: Oxidative Phosphorylation and Electron Transport: The Electron Transport Chain
		This energy is derived from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the four protein complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC).
		The ten NADH that enter the electron transport originate from each of the earlier processes of respiration: two from glycolysis, two from the transformation of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, and six from the citric acid cycle.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/cellrespiration/oxidativephosphorylation/section2.rhtml (348 words)

	BioCarta - Charting Pathways of Life
		The oxygen we breath, and which is transported by hemoglobin in the blood to all of the tissues, serves this purpose and allows electron transport to occur.
		As the electrons pass through the chain, they transfer their energy to the complexes, which use the energy to pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix, creating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
		The movement of the electrons through electron transport, the proton gradient and ATP synthesis are all coupled processes that require each other to occur.
	www.biocarta.com /pathfiles/h_etcPathway.asp (652 words)

	BCH 4053 Biochemistry I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The energy released during the electron transport to oxygen is captured and used to form a proton gradient across the inner membrane in the mitochondria.
		Electrons flow from NADH to FMN to Fe-S to ubiquinone in complex I because energetically it is downhill
		Thus, while electron transport from NADH (through complex I) results in proton transport, this is not the case for electron transport from succinate to FADH2 (in complex II).
	wine1.sb.fsu.edu /BCH4053/Lecture38/Lecture38.htm (2801 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		COMPONENTS OF THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN The components of the electron transport chain (ETC) are membrane bound.
		The electron is shared among the irons: e- + Fe2+ ® Fe3+ In E. coli, FeS groups are found in NADH-dehydrogenase-I and in proteins in the cytochrome b region of the ETC. In mitochondria there are at least 7 FeS centers.
		In Mitchell's original Z-scheme the ETC is arranged in a series of loops with hydrogen carriers (A & C) facing the inside of the bacterial cell or mitochondrion and electron carriers (B & D) facing outwards.
	www.science.siu.edu /microbiology/micr425/ETCPMF99 (3513 words)

	Electron Transport (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The electron transport chain is strategically situated in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
		Therefore, the immediate care and treatment of the electron transport system to optimize the utilization of electron-rich intermediates is of primary consideration in countless metabolic dysfunctions.
		Each nutrient has been carefully selected to fill the void in the electron transport chain that is most frequently an area of blockage.
	www.transformationenzymes.com /html/products/electron_transport.html (624 words)

	ELECTRON TRANSPORT
		The electron transport chain involves the passage of a pair of electrons from one chemical to the next, whereby each chemical in the sequence has less reduced energy than the previous.
		As the electrons are accepted two protons are pulled from the liquid matrix to allow for the formation of water.
		However, all reactions are reversible, and this one is driven in the direction shown because of the concentration of protons outside the membrane which was created by the electron transport chain.
	www.mrs.umn.edu /~goochv/CellBio/lectures/et/et.html (963 words)

	VCAC: Cellular Processes: Electron Transport Chain: First Look
		The electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
		Electron donation to the first complex (blue) and hydrogen ion pumping are coupled.
		Electrons are then passed to the second mobile carrier protein (purple).
	vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu /animations/etc/first.htm (219 words)

	Oxidations
		Electron transport chain at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
		The rate of electron transport is usually measured by assaying the rate of oxygen consumption and is referred to as the
		In contrast to oxidation of mitochondrial NADH, cytosolic NADH when oxidized via the electron transport system gives rise to 2 equivalents of ATP if it is oxidized by the glycerol phosphate shuttle and 3 ATPs if it proceeds via the malate aspartate shuttle.
	www.med.unibs.it /~marchesi/oxphos.html (3057 words)

	Electron Transport Chain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain is oxygen.
		34 ATP are produced in prokaryotes and 32 are produced in eukaryotes during the Electron Transport Chain.
		The 2 NADH produced in glycolysis in eucaryotic cells are only worth 2 ATP, not 3 ATP as in the procaryotic cell.
	www.uky.edu /~rebeat1/biologykrebs/sld014.htm (50 words)

	electron transport chain in mitochorndria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The electron transport chain in the mitochondria is a group of four large multiprotein complexes that span the inner mitochondrial membrane.
		As the name implies its function is to transport electrons from either NADH or FADH2 to their final repository which is water molecules.
		The electron transport chain is also a series of coupled oxidation-reduction reactions.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /biology/bio4fv/page/mito_ox.htm (201 words)

	Chapter 14: The electron transport chain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane is composed of three protein complexes, each pumps protons into the intermembrane space using the energy of electrons with O
		Most electron carriers compose of proteins bound to prosthetic groups including flavins (FAD), heme, iron-sulfur clusters, and copper in the three complexes.
		The electron transport chain harnesses redox energy of electrons to pump protons
	www.bmb.psu.edu /courses/bmb252h/lecture4-2000.htm (260 words)

	Re: What two electron entry points in electron transport chain?
		In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from NADH to oxygen through a chain of large protein complexes (NADH-Q reductase, cytochrome reductase, and cytochrome oxidase).
		As you move down the electron transport chain, the proteins have higher and higher affinity for electrons.
		The use of FAD enables electrons to be transported into mitochondria against a NADH concentration gradient.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/oct98/908462383.Cb.r.html (309 words)

	untitled
		Electrons having a high reducing potential are removed from food molecules and are carried to the electron transport chain by electron carriers (NADH and FADH
		The electrons are passed down the chain with each component being reduced as it accepts the electrons and re-oxidised as it passes them on.
		Electrons pass from cyt a to oxygen in complex IV.
	www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk /biochem/lecture/etran/etran.htm (1297 words)

	Glossary - E
		Complex IV is the terminus of the electron transfer chain, consuming oxygen and making water.
		Cytochrome c is also an essential part of the electron transfer chain.
		It is a soluble protein loosely associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane, and transfers electrons between Complexes III and IV.
	www.sci.uidaho.edu /bionet/biol115/glossary/wordlist/ewords.htm (561 words)

	Electron Transfer Chain
		of constituent electron carriers is represented in the diagram on p.
		Electrons pass through a series of iron-sulfur centers in complex I, and are eventually transferred to coenzyme Q. Coenzyme Q accepts 2 e
		The four electrons are transferred into the complex one at a time from cytochrome c.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/redox.htm (1331 words)

	THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
		In facultative anaerobes there is a shorter chain and cyt c and cyt c1 are both missing.
		Cytochrome a: position 2 has a 17-carbon side chain, position 4 is vinyl and position 8 has -CHO (instead of the usual CH Chlorins are hemes in which one or more of the pyrrole rings are reduced.
		In Mitchell's original Z-scheme the ETC is arranged in a series of loops with hydrogen carriers (A and C) facing the inside of the bacterial cell or mitochondrion and electron carriers (B and D) facing outwards.
	www.science.siu.edu /microbiology/micr425/425Notes/07-Respire.html (3207 words)

	The electron-transport chain (from cell) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The proteins of this chain are embedded in the cristae membrane, actually traversing the lipid bilayer and protruding from the inner and outer surfaces.
		The proteins are arranged in three large complexes, each composed of a number of polypeptide chains.
		Covers a history of transport and the effect of weather.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-37418 (716 words)

	Lecture 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the electron transport chain the hydrogen atoms are split and recombined several times
		The light blue circles represent the electron transport chain (ETC), which is imbedded in the membrane between the 2 compartments (the inner mitochondrial membrane)
		The electrons are conducted laterally through the membrane from one ETC complex to the next, each time donating some of their energy to "pump" H+ ions (for more details see text diagram on p.
	members.aol.com /BearFlag45/Biology1A/LectureNotes/lec10.html (1115 words)

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