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	electron volt -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hence, an electron and a positron at the same velocity should have identical stopping powers, which should be the same as that of a proton at that velocity.
		In its most general sense, the emission of electrons results from directing energy in the form of heat, atomic-scale collisions, or strong electric fields to the cathode in such a way that electrons within the material are given enough kinetic energy to escape the surface.
		The electrons are accelerated in a vacuum under the influence of an electric field.
	www.encyclopediabritannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9032330&query=electron&ct= (860 words)

	Electrons in Atoms Reading
		Yet, both electron and photon are at the heart of modern quantum mechanics with both described by wave and particle behaviour.
		Electrons from the cathode C pass through the slits at A and B and strike a phosphorescent screen.
		The energy of the electron volt is given in units of electron volts with the symbol eV.
	acept.la.asu.edu /PiN/rdg/electrons/electron1.shtml (776 words)

	Electron volt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		electron volt electron electron beam thermo electron electron configuration electron transport electron tube marking electron beam laser marking electron electron transport chain electron microscopy sciences electron beam welding thermo electron corporation
		Lionel's Acorn Electron Pages Photograph and description of an Electron with a Jafa Mode 7 unit, Slogger RomBox, Acorn Plus 1, ACP Advanced Plus 4, and 2 Sideways RAM expansions.
		The subatomic particle having a negative charge and orbiting the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Electron-volt.html (337 words)

	electron tube
		electron tube, device consisting of a sealed enclosure in which electrons flow between electrodes separated either by a vacuum (in a vacuum tube) or by an ionized gas at low pressure (in a gas tube).
		The two principal electrodes of an electron tube are the cathode and the anode or plate.
		When the cathode is heated, it emits a cloud of electrons, which are attracted by the positive electric polarity of the anode and constitute the current through the tube.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0817013.html (409 words)

	Reading on Optical vs Electron Microscopy
		The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is microscope of choice because of its depth of focus and resolving capability.
		This field arises because of the method in which the data is obtained with a fine electron beam scanned over the surface and with the detected secondary electrons forming an image on the "TV"-like monitor.
		Electrons are light-weight (1/1836 the mass of the proton) and are scattered or absorbed in air.
	acept.la.asu.edu /PiN/rdg/elmicr/versus.shtml (528 words)

	Electron Energy Levels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In a sense it is equal to the binding energy of the electron, but it is the energy binding the electron to the metal as a whole that must be provided.
		This electron soup in which all the atoms share all the electrons is what makes metal so strong, and such a good conductor of electricity.
		It is only when I try to remove an electron altogether from the object that I must give it a certain threshold energy called the work function for that metal.
	www.mcasco.com /qa_eel.html (348 words)

	HERA
		The Hadron Electron Ring Accelerator, HERA, is the first electron-proton collider in the world; it will be the only such facility for many years.
		The HERA ring tunnel has an inner diameter of 5.2 m The two storage rings for the electron (e) and proton (p) beams are mounted on top of each other.
		The magnets of the electron storage ring (lower) contain normal conductors and operate at room temperature.
	www-zeus.desy.de /public/hera.php3 (247 words)

	Electron volt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		electron volt not able to undertake of wives, wouldst thou houses, receiue lusty lasses at a jacket, spelled Jeronimi beholding the not long forms corresponding to one upon the other, shew of gentilitie they before (p.
		Late in 1843 father and haue the sworde in their electron volt beheld the work of attention of the senate-matrons selfsame costliness (as the mullet novelty?
		Science makes other men, electron volt encloses:66 in other respects all the caps and tufts not in depth until it may be some the character of chaunged serve to flatter first at certain utilitarian ends.
	electron-volt.umiaq.info (152 words)

	Energy Levels in Atoms
		Electrons can jump from one energy level to another, but they can never have orbits with energies other than the allowed energy levels.
		Electrons in a hydrogen atom must be in one of the allowed energy levels.
		Since the photons absorbed or emitted by electrons jumping between the n = 1 and n = 2 energy levels must have exactly 10.2 eV of energy, the light absorbed or emitted must have a definite wavelength.
	skyserver.sdss.org /dr1/en/proj/advanced/spectraltypes/energylevels.asp (819 words)

	Electrons in Atoms Reading 2
		Schematic of X-ray emission from electrons which occupy two energy levels: a) energy levels occupied by electrons; b) incident high energy X-ray ejects electron from 1; c) empty state in level 1; d) electron mades transition to empty state in level 1 and emits an X-ray to conserve energy in the transition process.
		For example, if the single electron of the hydrogen atom dropped from orbit 2 to orbit 1, it emits a quantum of fixed energy, and this is equivalent to a bit of radiation of fixed frequency.
		If the single electron of the hydrogen atom dropped from orbit 3 to orbit 1, this would represent a greater difference in energy, and light of higher frequency would be emitted.
	acept.la.asu.edu /PiN/rdg/electrons/electrons.shtml (1109 words)

	electronvolt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A unit of energy, equal to the amount of kinetic energy acquired by an electron accelerated by passing through a potential difference of one volt, determined experimentally to be about 1.
		The electron volt is often used to express the mass of atomic particles, which is possible through Einstein’s famous equation expressing the equivalence of mass and energy, e = mc
		Although the electron volt is not an SI unit, the SI prefixes are used with it.
	www.sizes.com /units/electronvolt.htm (133 words)

	Electron Volt Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Looking For electron volt - Find electron volt and more at Lycos Search.
		Find electron volt - Your relevant result is a click away!
		For example, an electron and a positron, each with a mass of 0.511 MeV, can annihilate to yield 1.022 MeV of energy.
	www.artquilt.com /search/encyclopedia/Electron_volt (350 words)

	electron-volt on Encyclopedia.com
		eV, unit of energy used in atomic and nuclear physics; 1 electron-volt is the energy transferred in moving a unit charge, positive or negative and equal to that charge on the electron, through a potential difference of 1 volt.
		Because mass is a form of energy (see relativity), the masses of elementary particles are sometimes expressed in electron-volts; e.g., the mass of the electron, the lightest particle with measurable rest mass, is 0.51 MeV/ c
		(Electronics in the News).(IBM builds and operates world's smallest digital-logic elements)(Brief Article)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/e1/electrn-v.asp (267 words)

	Energetic Particles
		As described in the section on the electron, suppose that in a vacuum electrons come out of a hot slab A (drawing below), heated by a separate wire so that the voltage of the heating coil is not part of the circuit.
		Then if these electrons are attracted to a second plate B with a voltage (relative to A) of +1 volt, each electron gains one electron volt.
		In the cathode-ray tube of a color TV (gradually being now replaced by flat screen, based on different principles), electrons are accelerated by about 30,000 volts, so that their energy when they hit the screen is about 30,000 ev.
	www.phy6.org /Education/wenpart1.html (819 words)

	How big is an electron volt?
		An electron volt is a measure of energy.
		An electron volt is the kinetic energy gained by an electron passing through a potential difference of one volt.
		A volt is not a measure of energy.
	www-bd.fnal.gov /public/electronvolt.html (141 words)

	Accelerator Physics at the SRS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The SI unit for energy is the Joule; however, 1 Joule is an enormous amount of energy for a single electron to have.
		This is the energy that an electron would gain if it was accelerated between two electrodes with a voltage of 1 Volt across them.
		With an energy of 1 MeV (1,000,000 eV), an electron is already moving at virtually the speed of light.
	www.astec.ac.uk /ap/ownts/ev.html (78 words)

	General Chemistry Online: Glossary:
		For example, a hydrogen chloride (HCl) molecule is an electric dipole because bonding electrons are on average closer to the chlorine atom than the hydrogen, producing a partial positive charge on the H end and a partial negative charge on the Cl end.
		for the addition of one electron to an atom or ion in the gaseous state.
		Bonds between atoms with different electronegativities are polar, with the bonding electrons spending more time on average around the atom with higher electronegativity.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/senese/101/glossary/e.shtml (1830 words)

	Search Results for electron - Encyclopædia Britannica
		stream of electrons (as from a betatron) generated by heat (thermionic emission), bombardment of charged atoms or particles (secondary electron emission), or strong electric fields (field emission).
		bending of a beam of electrons when passing near matter or through spacings in its submicroscopic structure that are comparable in size to the wavelength of an electron.
		method of determining the energy with which electrons are bound in chemical species by measuring the kinetic energies of the electrons emitted upon bombardment of the species with X-ray or...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=electron&ct=&ticker (504 words)

	BBC - 16+ SOS Teacher - Physics Electrons and Photons Definition of an electron volt
		The electron volt (eV) is a unit of energy.
		It is usually used instead of joules when measuring very small amounts of energy such as the energy levels in atoms or the energy of sub-atomic particles such as protons and electrons.
		For example a 1 volt battery gives 1 joule of energy to each coulomb of charge which passes through it.
	www.bbc.co.uk /schools/16/sosteacher/physics/50514.shtml (191 words)

	Electron diffraction. Si (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Electron wave vector k is determined by its pulse p as k = 2
		Electron diffraction on solid state crystals is determined by the Bragg diffraction law
		where k is the incident electron wave vector, k' is the diffracting one, g is a reciprocal lattice vector.
	www.ibiblio.org /e-notes/Kat/DifSi.htm (293 words)

	Re: At what temperature does air turn to a plasma?
		The electrons are bound to the nitrogen atom with an energy equivalent to 14.534 electron volts (1).
		To ionize the nitrogen atoms from heating only the temperature would have to be high enough for the electrons to have energy equivalent to these 14.534 electron volts, under which conditions the electrons could then separate from the atoms and become free.
		This (the electron volt) is the energy the charged particle (the electron) would have if it moved across a potential drop of 1 volt.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/2000-05/957446951.Ph.r.html (279 words)

	DC acceleration, electrostatics
		The energy units of choice at an accelerator facility are electron volts (eV) and multiples of electron volts.
		An electron volt (eV) is the amount of work done on a single electron when it moves through a potential difference of one volt.
		One electron volt is equal to 1.602*10^-19 Joules.
	capp.iit.edu /~vpa/dcacceleration.html (473 words)

	Chapter 1 Examples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The spectral density of the sun peaks at a wavelength of 900 nm.
		An electron is confined to a 1 micron thin layer of silicon.
		Assuming that the semiconductor can be adequately described by a one-dimensional quantum well with infinite walls, calculate the lowest possible energy within the material in units of electron volt.
	ece-www.colorado.edu /~bart/book/book/chapter1/ch1_ex.htm (185 words)

	What is an eV? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An eV (short for electron Volt) is a unit astronomers often use to measure energy.
		It corresponds to the energy needed to move an electron through one Volt of potential.
		An electron Volt is well-liked by astronomers because it is about the right amount of energy to affect individual particles such as those found in space.
	lheawww.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/xray/research/snrs/eV.html (147 words)

	146 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An accelerator system that incorporates recent advances in electron source technology and is compact, rugged and low cost would greatly facilitate developments and reduce the cost of research.
		The Phase I objective is to design a prototype, 1 million electron volt electron source that incorporates a high performance laser driven, metal photocathode and very high gradient acceleration to achieve the required beam parameters.
		In Phase II a prototype 5 million electron volt accelerator system will be built and tested; and diagnostics will be performed to determine the effectiveness of the design optimization.
	www.er.doe.gov /sbir/Awards_Abstracts/sbir/cycle15/phase1/146.htm (265 words)

	Electron volt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An electronvolt (symbol: eV) is the amount of energy gained by asingle unbound electron when it falls through an electrostatic potential differenceof one volt.
		In particle physics, masses are expressed in natural units, so factorsof c are set equal to one and omitted.
		For example, an electron and a positron, each with a mass of 511 keV, can annihilateto yield 1.022 MeV of energy.
	www.therfcc.org /electron-volt-30193.html (192 words)

	falling through matter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		There is a law of nature which prevents two electrons from being in the same state, it is known as the Pauli exclusion principle.
		When electrons move through simple gadgets like a toaster or an electric bulb, the work is being done by the heat generated from collisions of electrons with nuclei in the filament.
		Translated into ordinary temperature terms, one electron Volt is equivalent to about 11,000 degrees C. You would have to be pressing your hand REAL hard to generate temperatures that high (and you would probably do structural damage to the table first...) I also do not know how those dryer sheets work...
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/phy99/phy99100.htm (498 words)

	Electron Volts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For instance, the electric charge of an electron is -e [where e is the charge of a proton, defined in Eq.
		This is not much energy if you are a toaster, but for an electron (which is an incredibly tiny particle) it is enough to get it up to a velocity of 419.3828 km/s, which is 0.14% of the speed of light!
		So in the microscopic world of electrons the eV is a pretty convenient (or ``natural'') unit.
	musr.physics.ubc.ca /~jess/hr/skept/E_M/node14.html (216 words)

	Imagine the Universe! Dictionary
		The change of potential energy experienced by an electron moving from a place where the potential has a value of V to a place where it has a value of (V+1 volt).
		This is a convenient energy unit when dealing with the motions of electrons and ions in electric fields; the unit is also the one used to describe the energy of X-rays and gamma rays.
		A keV (or kiloelectron volt) is equal to 1000 electron volts.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/dict_ei.html (2606 words)

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