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Topic: Electronic Communications Network

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	The Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003
		Where a provider of a public electronic communications service provides facilities for calling or connected line identification, he shall provide information to the public regarding the availability of such facilities, including information regarding the options to be made available for the purposes of regulations 10 and 11.
		Regulation 10 requires a provider of a public electronic communications service to provide users of the service with a means of preventing the presentation of calling line identification on a call-by-call basis, and to provide subscribers to the service with a means of preventing the presentation of such identification on a per-line basis.
		Regulation 23 prohibits the sending of communications by means of electronic mail for the purposes of direct marketing where the identity of the person on whose behalf the communication is made has been disguised or concealed or an address to which requests for such communications to cease may be sent has not been provided.
	www.opsi.gov.uk /si/si2003/20032426.htm (7784 words)

	Vehicle bus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The main driving forces for the development of vehicle network technology have been the advances made in the electronics industry in general and government regulations imposed, especially in the United States, in order to make the automobiles environmentally friendly.
		Networks were not new, but their application to the vehicle was.
		Although the vehicle network did not place too much emphasis on the data throughput, the demand for more on-board computing is continuing to drive changes to these networks to provide higher-speed communication between modules.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vehicle_bus (733 words)

	A Guide to Electronic Communication & Network Etiquette
		Electronic communication (e-mail, bulletin boards and newsgroups) comprises a relatively new form of communication and differs from other methods of communication common to the workplace.
		By comparison, electronic communication allows discourse with a large number of correspondents, over a wide geographical area, with no more effort or cost than is required to send a single message locally.
		Again, because electronic communication has the informal properties of conversation without the corresponding benefits of voice inflection and body language, messages are often misconstrued and generate unexpected angry responses called " flames." The ability to respond immediately to a message often leads to a hasty response.
	www.dcn.davis.ca.us /help/internet/netiquette.html (2470 words)

	EFF:
		The Electronic Communications Privacy Act was designed to ensure that all providers of electronic communications were subject to the protections and requirements of the federal Wiretap Act.
		The Electronic Communications Privacy Act has two essential purposes: to ensure that the privacy rights of individuals using new forms of electronic communications are protected, and to protect the providers of all electronic communications systems.
		A big difference between electronic communications and tangible letters, however, is that electronic messages traveling through communications networks are broken down into individual "packets," which are transmitted to the destination computer and then reassembled into the original message.
	www.eff.org /legal/cases/SJG/?f=eff_appeal.brief (2035 words)

	Authorisation of electronic communications Directive 20/2002
		Where Member States require notification by providers of electronic communication networks or services when they start their activities, they may also require proof of such notification having been made by means of any legally recognised postal or electronic acknowledgement of receipt of the notification.
		The provision of electronic communications networks or the provision of electronic communications services may, without prejudice to the specific obligations referred to in Article 6(2) or rights of use referred to in Article 5, only be subject to a general authorisation.
		The general authorisation for the provision of electronic communications networks or services and the rights of use for radio frequencies and rights of use for numbers may be subject only to the conditions listed respectively in parts A, B and C of the Annex.
	www.legi-internet.ro /authorisation.htm (5839 words)

	Public Utilities Commission - Electronic Communications
		A subscriber shall be informed by the electronic communications merchant regarding changes to the conditions of the contract and the right to terminate the contract without the application of penalties not later than one month prior to the moment the changes in the contract conditions come into effect.
		Electronic communications merchants have a duty to publish the access and interconnection basic offers approved by the Commission not later than 20 days after the approval thereof, informing the Commission of this not later than three days after the publication of the basic offers.
		Electronic communications merchants have the right to implement electronic communications services tariff plans for end-users and to specify to electronic communications end-users the electronic communications services tariff rebates to be provided, except in the cases where the Commission has recognised such rebates as unequal.
	www.sprk.gov.lv /index.php?id=1116&sadala=193 (12529 words)

	mciu23: Acceptable Use Policies for Internet Access
		The electronic communications systems and network and the user accounts are the property of the Intermediate Unit, or school district, which reserves the right to deny access to prevent further unauthorized, inappropriate or illegal activity.
		Electronic communications systems and network users have no privacy expectation in the contents of their personal files or any of their use of the Intermediate Unit’s network or systems.
		Network and electronic communications systems user accounts will be used only by authorized owners of the accounts for authorized purposes.
	www.mciu.org /mciu23/CWP/view.asp?A=13&QUESTION_ID=400130 (4606 words)

	ECN - Electronic Communications Network, European Counter Network, Explicit Congestion Notification
		Electronic communications network, allows customers to trade with each other first and then posts to NASDAQ just like a market maker.
		This is the commonly used abbreviation for the exposure concentration of a toxicant causing a defined effect on n% of a test population.
		An ECN is an alternative securities trading system that collects, displays, and executes orders electronically without a middleman (such as a specialist or market maker).
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/ECN.asp (347 words)

	Statement of policy on the persistent misuse of an electronic communications network or electronic communications ...
		Hence there are a range of activities which, although they undoubtedly involve the misuse of an electronic communications network or service and cause — at the very least — inconvenience to the public, are not covered by the statement.
		However text messages are a form of electronic mail for the purposes of the draft Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 which propose specific measures for the use of electronic mail for direct marketing purposes.
		The two cases may be distinguished insofar as the former requires the direct use of a network or service whereas the latter captures a wider category of behaviour which involves conduct dependent on the use of a network or service.
	www.ofcom.org.uk /static/archive/oftel/publications/consumer/2003/misusestat0803.htm (7852 words)

	GKP - Global Knowledge Partnership - Modemmujer: Mexico's Only Electronic Communications Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Modemmujer was formed by Mexican women wanting to establish continuous communication and outreach among feminist and women's movements at the national and international level in order to encourage social change and contribute to women's empowerment.
		Electronic mailing lists and newsletters form part of the internal communications strategy of various organisational networks that follow-up on population and health issues.
		Through the use of various electronic bulletins introduced by Modemmujer, the project is able to support and promote urgent calls for action that are distributed by women's rights organisations globally.
	www.globalknowledge.org /gkps_portal/thematic.cfm?&menuid=229&thematicid=5&action=ThResView&ResId=586&type=14 (533 words)

	Statement of policy on the persistent misuse of an electronic communications network or electronic communications ...
		The new powers are a consumer protection measure that enables the Director or Ofcom to take action against persons whose use of networks or services has a detrimental effect on the public interest by their imposition of various types of nuisance on other users.
		Although clause 122 of the Bill makes it a criminal offence dishonestly to obtain electronic communications services, there is no specific consumer protection measure within the Bill that makes it an offence to defraud end-users by means of an electronic communications network or service.
		The definition of ‘electronic mail’ in the Privacy Directive is broad enough to apply to SMS or text messages as well as e-mail.
	www.ofcom.org.uk /static/archive/oftel/publications/consumer/2003/mis0603.htm (6239 words)

	The Communications Act 2003 (Consequential Amendments) Order 2003
		In section 50A(6)(c) of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973[10] (admission to meetings of local authorities), for the words from "telecommunications" to "system" there shall be substituted "electronic communications network, for transmitting the report by means of such a network".
		In regulation 3(1)(b) of the Overhead Lines (Exemption) Regulations 1990[52] for the words "telecommunication apparatus" there shall be substituted "electronic communications apparatus".
		" (c) any person to whom the electronic communications code is applied by a direction under section 106 of the Communications Act 2003 and who wishes to remove or, as the case may be, removes the hedgerow in question in pursuance of a right conferred by the electronic communications code.".
	www.opsi.gov.uk /si/si2003/20032155.htm (6569 words)

	Chapter 1: What is a Network? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications.
		Without a network, files are shared by copying them to floppy disks, then carrying or sending the disks from one computer to another.
		Electronic mail on a LAN can enable students to communicate with teachers and peers at their own school.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /network/chap1/chap1.htm (836 words)

	ECN - electronic communications network
		When an order to buy or sell a stock is sent to an ECN, the order is usually executed at a lightning-fast speed (less than a second is possible).
		This unfair scenario lasted until 1997, when an ECN by the name of Island finally opened its doors to the public.
		Even though the forex market is more liquid than the stock market, ECN systems for trading currencies have not reached the same level of popularity of stock ECN's.
	www.geocities.com /daytradingtutor/ecn.htm (194 words)

	Journal of Technology Law & Policy : Resources
		CommerceNet is a trade association which focuses on electronic commerce and has the most extensive directory of payment service providers and other electronic commerce related services on the web.
		Biosci is an electronic communications network based on USENET newsgroups and associated e-mail lists for professional discussion of the biosciences.
		Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system, performs automated collection, validation, indexing, acceptance, and forwarding of submissions by companies and others who are required by law to file forms with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
	tlp.law.pitt.edu /resources.html (8843 words)

	Electronic Communication Network - ECN
		An electronic system that attempts to eliminate the role of a third party in the execution of orders entered by an exchange market maker or an over-the-counter market maker, and permits such orders to be entirely or partly executed.
		An ECN connects major brokerages and individual traders so that they can trade directly between themselves without having to go through a middleman.
		Electronic Trading Tutorial - Learn about the systems that run the market.
	baystreet.investopedia.com /terms/e/ecn.asp (150 words)

	Citigroup to launch electronic communications network - Computer Business Review
		Looking to expand on its market offerings, US bank Citigroup has revealed that it is preparing to launch its own electronic communications network, a move that is likely to draw traffic away from the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq Stock Market.
		Citigroup Corporate and Investment Banking (CIB) says the electronic communications network (ECN) will utilize the technology assets of the recently acquired OnTrade Inc. It also explained that the OnTrade ECN will operate in its current state while CIB performs certain technology enhancements, expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2006.
		CIB said that the launch of the enhanced ECN would extend its commitment to providing market participants state-of-the-art technology solutions and immediate access to the liquidity in all available markets and follows CIB's recent investments in regional exchanges.
	www.cbronline.com /article_news.asp?guid=6D35116F-97C2-4A09-97E2-DA3CBCCEEC21 (339 words)

	Fidelity and Schwab in four-way ECN plan - Jul. 21, 1999
		An electronic communications network, or ECN, is a computerized trading network that matches buy and sell orders.
		Gorman said the new ECN would become a venue that would give buyers and sellers better opportunities for finding good prices on stocks.
		ECNs once were open only to institutional investors, but after a change in trading rules they became open to retail investors.
	money.cnn.com /1999/07/21/mutualfunds/funds_fidelity (502 words)

	Policy on the persistent misuse of an electronic communications network
		Policy on the persistent misuse of an electronic communications network
		BT Response (17 july 2003) to the Oftel Consultation on the Statement of policy on the persistent misuse of an electronic communications network or electronic communications service dated 26 June 2003
		BT is pleased to have the opportunity to comment on this policy statement from Oftel We agree it is very important that there are clear measures in place to deter and resolve instances of misuse.
	www.btplc.com /Thegroup/Regulatoryinformation/Consultativeresponses/Oftel/2003/Policyonmisuseofnetwork (180 words)

	Currency Traders Control their own Destiny with Unbiased Electronic Communications Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		COESfx allows banks, institutions, hedge funds and retail traders to execute and place their orders without the interference of a trading desk, which can be utilized to trade against the end-user.
		We stand by our service and will give a 10-percent discount on transaction fees to any trader who transfers their account to COESfx by the end of October 2005." About COESfx, Inc. COESfx, Inc., founded in May 2002, is the developer of the most advanced and unbiased Electronic Currency Network (ECN) for foreign exchange.
		COESfx, COESfx Level 1 Trading Platform and Electronic Currency Network are trademarks of COESfx, Inc. All other names are the property of their respective owners.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/10-14-2005/0004169275&EDATE= (317 words)

	Internet Public Library: Internet
		The electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world.
		The Foundation merges philanthropy, public policy and community action to use digital media to engage, equip and connect people to solve social problems.
		The primary goal of the project is to provide a common focal point for librarians and others involved in the instruction and delivery of networked information to display and share model instructional materials specifically designed for the selection and evaluation of information in a networked environment.
	www.ipl.org /div/subject/browse/com50.00.00 (2275 words)

	Morgan gets a piece of Archipelago - Jun. 10, 1999
		NEW YORK (CNNfn) - Financial services giant J.P. Morgan will take a 20 percent interest in Archipelago, an electronic communications network for Nasdaq stocks, Archipelago said Thursday.
		Archipelago is one of four electronic communications networks approved in January 1997 by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
		ECNs now account for about 30 percent of the market activity on Nasdaq.
	money.cnn.com /1999/06/10/technology/archipelago (254 words)

	University Network Access and Electronic Communications
		As a student at the University of Chicago, you will find access to our electronic networks essential for using research facilities and staying abreast of important administrative information.
		Official communications from the University are sent via electronic mail (e-mail) to each student's CNETID@uchicago.edu email account, and all students are responsible for the information.
		If a student wished to read that mail via a personal account, he or she assumes responsibility to set up and maintain any forwarding functions.
	welcome.uchicago.edu /letter.html (419 words)

	Interconnection of public electronic communications network
		BT's comments dated 16/12/2002 on Oftel's Draft Guidelines for the interconnection of public electronic communications network
		Under the new regulatory framework, general rights and obligations to negotiate interconnection (hereafter referred to as "general interconnection rights") will be determined solely by a communications provider's characteristics, and will no longer depend on a regulatory decision as at present.
		Providers will need to decide themselves whether they or others possess those characteristics.
	www.btplc.com /Thegroup/Regulatoryinformation/Consultativeresponses/Oftel/2002/Interconnection3 (223 words)

	Intermarket Trading System-London Stock Trading System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A computer network that connects several major U.S. stock exchanges for the purpose of...
		Intermarket Trading System (ITS) Electronic communications network linking the trading floors of seven registered...
		Intermarket Trading System \ An electronic communications network that links nine US markets...
	www.stocktradingsystem-london.com /british-intermarket-trading-system.html (487 words)

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