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Topic: Electronic money

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	ECB: Report on electronic money
		Although electronic money is not a widespread phenomenon at present, it is likely to have significant implications for monetary policy in the future.
		There are a number of additional regulatory concerns regarding electronic money which also have to be taken into account, such as the efficient functioning of payment systems and confidence in payment instruments, the protection of customers and merchants, the stability of financial markets and protection against criminal abuse.
		In addition to the minimum requirements outlined above, the interoperability of electronic money schemes and the adoption of adequate guarantee, insurance or loss-sharing schemes are two further objectives which it is deemed desirable to pursue.
	www.ecb.int /press/pr/date/1998/html/pr980831.en.html (633 words)

	Electronic money - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electronic money (also known as electronic cash, electronic currency, digital currency, digital money or internet money) refers to money which is exchanged only electronically.
		Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and direct deposit are examples of electronic money.
		The electronic money, known as EZLink by most Singaporeans, is a card the size of an ordinary credit card; it has a smart chip plus a wireless communication module.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electronic_money (1127 words)

	Money - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electronic money is an entirely non-physical currency that is traded and used over the internet.
		Money is one of the most central topics studied in economics and forms its most cogent link to finance.
		Bank savings are actually a kind of loans — savers loan their money to a bank at a low interest rate or merely in exchange for the benefit of convenience or its security (accepting that they lose a small amount of value to inflation).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Money (2832 words)

	Benjamin J. Cohen
		As electronic commerce (e-commerce) expands, it seems only a matter of time before various innovative forms of money, based on digital data and issued by private market actors, begin to substitute in one way or another for state-sanctioned banknotes and checking accounts as customary means of payment.
		To the contrary, "new forms of electronic money are unlikely to pose a significant threat to the power of the sovereign state" (Helleiner 1998: 399-400).
		The rise of electronic money, it is clear, is no anomaly in historical terms and indeed may be regarded as an entirely natural development in the context of today's rapidly globalizing world economy.
	www.polsci.ucsb.edu /faculty/cohen/inpress/emoney.html (11348 words)

	Electronic Money - Consumer Information, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The most common form of electronic money transfer is the ATM, or automated teller machine, which enables consumers to access existing accounts and make deposits, obtain cash, and transfer funds between accounts.
		Electronic transactions cost less to process because there are no paper checks to be transported, handled, or reconciled.
		Electronic processing would greatly increase the efficiency of the system, but would mean that consumers would not be able to get their checks returned to them once they are cleared.
	www.chicagofed.org /consumer_information/electronic_money.cfm (4687 words)

	JIBC
		Electronic money is clearly attractive as a substitute for cash and checks, but it is unclear whether there are business reasons to develop new electronic money systems for large-value payments rather than adapting the existing systems to stored value card and Internet transactions.
		Another important element in establishing the commercial viability of electronic commerce and electronic money is the development of rules of contract law and evidence regarding the validity of electronic contracts.
		In turn, the desire to establish methods for ensuring that electronic signatures are valid and cannot be repudiated creates a need in commerce for "trusted third parties" to verify the link between a person and his or her electronic signature.
	www.arraydev.com /commerce/JIBC/9702-17.htm (3251 words)

	Electronic Money Laundering - An Environmental Scan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Money laundering is the conversion or transfer of property, knowing that such property is derived from criminal activity, for the purpose of concealing the illicit nature and origin of the property from government authorities.
		Non-drug money laundering schemes are usually related to "enterprise crimes" such as the smuggling of contraband alcohol, tobacco, pornography and firearms, illegal immigration rackets (people smuggling) as well as illegal gambling and prostitution.
		Non-banks involved with electronic money schemes that do have the characteristics of deposit taking would have either to apply for authorisation themselves, or enter into a joint venture with an authorised institution, which would be responsible for the deposit taking element.
	ww2.psepc-sppcc.gc.ca /publications/crim_jus/money_laundering_e.asp (10953 words)

	RSA Security - 4.2.1 What is electronic money?
		Electronic money (also called electronic cash or digital cash) is a term that is still fairly vague and undefined.
		Electronic money may be either debit or credit.
		Electronic money also encompasses payment systems that are analogous to traditional credit cards and checks.
	www.rsasecurity.com /rsalabs/node.asp?id=2285 (444 words)

	we make money not art
		The soundscape alters perceptions of what music could be and allows the electronic sounds of a synthesiser to be accessed by anyone.
		A project by Brit Leissler who designed the fun and smart Soles on Ice.
		They try to avoid being tied to big corporations and using electronic devices to send emails and sms.
	www.we-make-money-not-art.com (3005 words)

	Group of Ten - Electronic Money - Consumer protection, law enforcement, supervisory and cross border issues
		Regarding law enforcement issues, emerging electronic money systems are currently focused on low-value consumer transactions, which may present less of a concern to law enforcement authorities.
		Liquidity should be adequate to ensure that issuers can meet demands for funds; investment policies should be appropriate to ensure the solvency of the electronic money scheme; management should establish risk management policies and procedures and internal controls consistent with protecting the financial integrity of the scheme.
		As more experience with electronic money is gained, governments may wish to take a similar approach to reviewing electronic money developments in the future if circumstances warrant.
	www.bis.org /publ/gten01.htm (959 words)

	Electronic money - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Electronic money (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Electronic currency designed to facilitate electronic commerce transactions.
		There are many different proprietary varieties of digital money competing for adoption as the principal online currency.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Electronic+money (86 words)

	EMI Opinion on Electronic Money
		At present, electronic money is not a widespread phenomenon.
		At the present juncture, electronic money is not a widespread phenomenon.
		This would provide a level playing-field, in particular as it would ensure that all issuers of electronic money would be subject to an appropriate form of prudential supervision and fall under the range of institutions potentially subject to ECB reserve requirements.
	www.systemics.com /docs/papers/EMI_1998_opinion.html (946 words)

	Token and Notational Money in
		The authors begin by presenting a definition of money; they follow this by developing a list of properties of money that must be supported by electronic versions of money.
		Digicash is an electronic commerce developed by David Chaum that uses anonymous tokens as a form of money.
		Interoperability - Owners of one form of money should be easily able to convert their money into another form of money for it to be accepted by users.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs/academic/class/15712-s99/www/summaries/Camp95.html (1286 words)

	Security of electronic money
		In November 1995, the central bank Governors of the Group of Ten (G-10) countries commissioned a series of studies on specific issues related to electronic money, in view of the potential importance of this new form of money and its implications for monetary policy, consumer protection and payment systems.
		For the examination of the security aspects of electronic money schemes the CPSS sought the assistance of the Group of Computer Experts, which established for that purpose the Task Force on Security of Electronic Money, chaired by Mr.
		Nevertheless, it is felt that the report can contribute to improving the general understanding of the technical aspects of electronic money products and to raise the awareness of the specific risks that might be involved and of the security measures available to counter those risks.
	www.bis.org /publ/cpss18.htm (497 words)

	True Wealth: Electronic Money (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		There's a lot of talk these days about the coming cashless society and electronic money being the next step in our monetary evolution.
		E-Money is the final step toward abstract money and away from tangible money.
		Economic truth is always based on God's truth, and frankly, I'm tired of watching the devil enslave the world in a ungodly debt system that secretly steals the wealth of it citizens through inflation.
	www.true-wealth.com /content/cpt2/ii_5.htm (334 words)

	Digital Money
		Many cryptographic protocols for secure electronic transactions require that there be at least one trusted third party to the transaction, such as a bank or a "certification authority" (CA).
		The nine key elements of an electronic, digital cash are outlined and a tenth element is proposed which would embody digital cash with a non-political unit of value.
		Achieving Electronic Privacy by David Chaum; Digicah Founder A cryptographic invention known as a blind signature permits numbers to serve as electronic cash or to replace conventional identification.
	www.virtualschool.edu /mon/ElectronicProperty/ElectronicMoney.html (2410 words)

	Electronic money making headway in Japan
		Launched four years ago, the Suica electronic money card is issued by East Japan Railway, and initially focused on allowing commuters to charge up their cards so that they could ride trains without buying fare tickets each time they boarded.
		According to a survey on electronic money conducted this August by Yubitoma Research, a private group that specializes in polling consumers, about 41 percent of Internet-savvy Japanese have used some form of electronic money card until now.
		One of the biggest problems, however, is the fact that while the number of stores and businesses that accept electronic money cards continues to increase steadily, there are still more places where they cannot be used compared to credit cards or cash.
	www.physorg.com /news7113.html (998 words)

	B-IT - Vorlesung Electronic Money (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Mostly, the money is transferred using one's bank account or via a credit card.
		Electronic money to the contrary consist only of bits...
		And despite all this you must not be able to copy electronic money and just pay a second time with the very same bits.
	www.b-it-center.de /Wob/en/view/class211_id178.html (245 words)

	Electronic money - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Electronic money (or digital money) refers to cash and transactions using electronic means, encompassing the use of computer networks (such as the Internet) and digital stored value systems.
		Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) is an example of electronic money.
		An electronic cash project for U.S. Navy ships.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Digital_cash (211 words)

	Bankrate.com's Guide to Electronic Money
		Although you may be satisfied with the tried and true, you might want to consider online financial services.
		You'll probably be pleasantly surprised -- some save money, some save time and a few save both.
		Doing business online saves money, so they can lend at attractive terms.
	www.bankrate.com /brm/news/emoney/guidetoemoney.asp (240 words)

	Electronic Payment Schemes
		This paper presents a framework for discussion of electronic payment schemes.
		Preventing disclosure of the credit card number to the merchant is thus superfluous and a simple secure socket communication mechanism to prevent eavesdropping is sufficient.
		Considers the impact of electronic payments on publishing with examples drawn from personal experience.
	www.w3.org /ECommerce/roadmap.html (1015 words)

	Internal Market - Bank - E-money and Mobile operators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A consultation paper on the treatment of mobile operators under the E-money Directive is published on the present website, considering the nature of pre-paid mobile phone cards.
		According to Member States experts and the Commission services, pre-paid mobile phone cards are likely to be a form of electronic money when they are used to buy and pay third party products or services.
		The present consultation aims at completing the legal analysis on the perimeter of the mobile operators' activity implying the issuance of e-money.
	europa.eu.int /comm/internal_market/bank/e-money/index_en.htm (433 words)

	Electronic Money
		Electronic cash used over computer networks (usually without involving a plastic card), variously called digital cash, electronic cash, ecash, cybercurrency, digicash, or cybercash.
		Try "electronic money" or "food stamp and fraud" Easy way to find good newspaper articles.
		We are leaving it, because it provides a variety of information on digital money and electronic payment systems and includes history of money.
	kclibrary.nhmccd.edu /e-money.html (678 words)

	BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Ict \| The implications of IT \| Electronic money and electronic commerce
		Most workers now have their wages paid into their bank account electronically - the money is transferred directly into their account from their employer.
		We don't use cash to pay for goods and services as often as we used to because there are now many electronic methods of payment, for example:
		Electronic Commerce - often shortened to E-commerce - is the name given to selling and buying things using the
	bbc.co.uk /schools/gcsebitesize/ict/implications/1lifestylerev4.shtml (333 words)

	Technorati Tag: electronic money
		With the advent of electronic methods for transferring cash, small denominations can be moved quickly outside the view of watchful law enforcement...
		There are a lot of people that have a lot of stuff to sell on eBay, but they do not want to go through the...
		Make Money from Home Doing Data Entry For only $99, we will train you for high paying data entry work you can do online from your home computer.
	www.technorati.com /tag/electronic+money (489 words)

	Electronic Money Bank - Compare Prices, Reviews and Buy at NexTag - Price - Review
		Saving real money is fun with this high-tech piggy bank.
		Children learn money management with our electronic teller machine, which lets them deposit, withdraw, and track progress with real coins and currency.
		It features an electronic screen, an alpha-numeric keypad, and slots for cards, coins, and bills.
	www.nextag.com /electronic-money-bank/search-html (127 words)

	Electronic money at Efari United Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Efari United Kingdom is a completly free-of-charge service that helps you save time and money when searching for Electronic money online.
		Searchresults for Electronic money at Efari United Kingdom.
		However, a service provider (except banks or governments) of electronic money lacks the abilities to back the money with Commodity money and to persuade people to have faith in their currency and make people use electronic money like central banks or governments do (see fiat money).
	www.efari.co.uk /business-and-money/money/electronic-money.html (913 words)

	The Electronic Money Mill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		When Carl Raymond stumbles upon some unusual messages in the Electronic Funds Transfer network used by all banks, his first thought is that this is an opportunity to learn more about the inner workings of electronic banking and cryptography.
		This chillingly-real high-tech suspense novel is based upon actual flaws in the cryptographic protocol that is presently used for electronic banking.
		The Electronic Money Mill has been made available here on the Web, beginning March 1998.
	www.msen.com /fievel/mmill (197 words)

	Electronic Money Transfer- Electronic Money Transfer Quick Deposit - Sportsbook Banking Deposit Methods
		Electronic Money Transfer- Electronic Money Transfer Quick Deposit - Sportsbook Banking Deposit Methods
		With more than 100,000 locations worldwide, Electronic Money Transfer is a quick convenient and reliable.
		Electronic Money Transfer does not accept credit card transactions only cash.
	www.sportbet.com /gambling_help/Electronic-Money-Transfer.html (154 words)

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