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Topic: Electronic voting in Belgium

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	Background Notes Archive - Europe
		Belgium is host to both NATO Headquarters in Brussels and the Supreme Headquarters, Allied Powers Europe, located at Casteau, near the southern town of Mons.
		Belgium remains a strong proponent of NATO and of close cooperation with the United States within the alliance.
		Belgium maintains a "special" relationship with its former colonies and protectorates in Central Africa which is characterized by a three-pronged policy of support for democraticization and human rights, prevention and management of conflicts, and support for economic and social development.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/eur/belgium9411.html (4068 words)

	Electronic voting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electronic voting (also known as e-voting) is a term encompassing several different types of voting, embracing both electronic means of casting a vote and electronic means of counting votes.
		Electronic voting in Canada has been used since at least the 1990s at the municipal level in many cities, and there are increasing efforts in a few areas to introduce it at a provincial level.
		Electronic voting in Estonia began in October 2005 local elections when Estonia became the first country to have legally binding general elections using the Internet as one means of casting the vote and was declared a success by the Estonian election officials.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electronic_voting (4414 words)

	SoS - Society - Electronic voting in the Netherlands
		A cast vote cannot be lost due to breakdown of the energy supply, failure of one component, the specified environmental conditions, normal use or mistakes in the operation of the voting machine.
		The functions of the voting machine are maintained completely in case of breakdown of the energy supply, the specified environmental conditions, normal use or mistakes in the operation of the voting machine.
		The voting machine may have functions which are not described in the Voting Law, the Voting Decree, or this appendix, as long as they do not impair the required functionality of the voting machine and are related to the voting procedure.
	www.sos.cs.ru.nl /research/society/voting/main.html (2769 words)

	Countries with e-voting projects — ACE: Focus On... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Electronic votes could be cast 2 weeks before election day for those unable to vote on that day.
		For the 2004 election, due to be held on 16 October 2004, the electronic voting machines of the same type as in the previous elections will be used at the same number of locations as in 2001.
		The system implements a remote voting procedure which is based on the Austrian electronic National ID Card (Bürgerkarte): Before Election Day the voter applies for the issuing of an electronic voting token, that is saved on the electronic National ID Card.
	focus.at.org /e-voting/countries (3148 words)

	free project/fipr resolution on voter verifiable e-voting
		Electronic voting is being rushed upon voters around the world with little regard for the risks and the costs to our democracies.
		Due to the opaque nature of the technologies involved, which few understand, it is crucial that electronic voting systems provide a voter-verifiable audit trail.
		By this we mean a permanent record of each vote that can be checked for accuracy by the voter before the vote is submitted, and is difficult or impossible to alter after it has been checked.
	www.free-project.org /resolution (402 words)

	Electronic voting in Belgium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electronic Voting in Belgium started in 1991 when two locations were chosen to experiment on different electronic voting systems.
		In 1994 the electronic voting experiment was extended to around 22% of the Belgian population.
		The error was only detected because she had more preferential votes that her own list which is impossible in the voting system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electronic_voting_in_Belgium (614 words)

	Free Wisdom Online: Electronic Voting in Brazil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Unlike the US, where electronic voting became common in the last election, after the fiasco with the Florida butterfly ballot in 2000, Brazil started experimenting with electronic voting in 1996 and went all electronic in 2002.
		When voting ends the machine prints out another paper with results in several copies, which are all signed.
		If they did discover the numbers (they see them when people vote, so they might remember them from last year), they would end up using someone else's number, which would be discovered when the person shows up to vote.
	www.freewisdom.org /archives/2005/10/24/electronic_voting_in_brazil (1077 words)

	Electronic voting in the UK - Louise Ferguson
		These pilots have included voting by phone, text message voting, remote and polling station-based touch screen kiosks, and voting from home by both digital TV and Internet, often using technologies and systems supplied by US companies.
		This affected the system designed to ensure that the electronic register kept in each polling station was constantly updated to ensure that a person could not vote via the Internet and also then vote in a polling station.
		Australia appears to be considering electronic voting for overseas voters and citizens based in Antarctica and other remote locations.
	www.louiseferguson.com /articles/evoting-uk.htm (1064 words)

	Schneier on Security: The Problem with Electronic Voting Machines
		Voting does NOT have to be electronic, but when dealing with the millions of people who vote and want instant answers, it seems likely it is the only way to achieve the goal.
		Registering the vote electronically with any number of third parties isn't good enough, because there's no way to be sure that the vote being sent to the third parties corresponds to the voter's selection.
		If the vote percentages of the manual count vary from the electronic count to a statistically significant degree, the electronic vote is invalidated, a full manual recount is triggered, and a mandatory audit of all voting machines is triggered to determine where and how the miscount occurred.
	www.schneier.com /blog/archives/2004/11/the_problem_wit.html (15622 words)

	Mathematics Awareness Month - April 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To prevent a nefarious voting official from being able to match up the paper voting slips with the names on the list of the people who voted, the votes of many voters are collected in one box and the box is shaken before it is opened.
		The voters are not anonymous towards the vote counting authority, but this doesn't matter because the authority only sees their votes encrypted.
		Electronic voting systems based on homomorphic encryption have been field tested on several occasions in the European Union, although at this stage a large scale deployment is not planned.
	www.mathaware.org /slide-rules.html (684 words)

	Electronic Election
		There is in Belgium, one organisation wich is trying to raise awairness concearning the Danger of Electronic Voting.
		I know no other country having gone so far in electronic voting, so please contact me if you have information concearning your own country status.
		Electronic voting was suppose to be fast and relyable.
	users.skynet.be /glu/vote.htm (413 words)

	Verification of electronic voting protocols
		Electronic voting promises the possibility of a convenient, efficient and secure facility for recording and tallying votes.
		However, the electronic voting machines used in recent US elections have been fraught with problems.
		Analysis of an Electronic Voting Protocol in the Applied Pi Calculus.
	www.cs.bham.ac.uk /~mdr/research/projects/05-ElectronicVoting (517 words)

	OSCE Press release - OSCE/ODIHR to follow electronic voting in Belgium
		"The OSCE/ODIHR is taking a stronger interest in electronic voting systems in order to further enhance its capacity to observe the performance of such systems in accordance with OSCE commitments," said Ambassador Christian Strohal, ODIHR Director.
		The team, comprising two international experts in electronic voting and an OSCE/ODIHR election adviser, will also hold meetings with the authorities responsible for the conduct of the elections, including administrators of the automated voting system currently in use in the Kingdom of Belgium, as well as other bodies involved with automated voting.
		The ODIHR is taking a stronger interest in electronic voting systems to enhance its capacity to observe the performance of such systems in accordance with OSCE commitments.
	www.osce.org /item/21039.html (265 words)

	electronic voting system
		electronic voting system and difficult for auditors to identify and correct...
		Electronic Voting Machines, intro Dennis Kucinich for President...
		Electronic vote system endorsed, but fixes needed The Washington...
	electronic-voting-system-2.streaminghdtv.com /e-vote.html (2376 words)

	Electronic-voting security scrutinized at symposium \| InfoWorld \| News \| 2003-12-11 \| By Elizabeth Heichler, IDG News ...
		And while the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) allocates billions of dollars in funding to election system upgrades, the timeframe for spending the money means that officials will likely buy systems before new voluntary standards are set by the newly formed Election Assistance Commission (EAC).
		IT experts at the symposium questioned whether the current system of testing and accreditation of voting systems against voluntary standards is effective, given recent reports that scrutinized DRE (direct recording electronic) systems from leading vendors and found high-risk vulnerabilities in the machines.
		In his conference presentation, Jones added that there is a window of opportunity, albeit of just a few milliseconds, when there is no independent data path, and he pointed out that it is possible to build a system where two redundant mechanisms independently record the voter's action.
	www.infoworld.com /article/03/12/11/HNelectronicvoting_1.html (1720 words)

	AEL - (Association Electronique Libre) WikiWiki - Electronic Voting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In Belgium 43% of the voting area are using computer.
		Printing little paper for possible recount might cost a lot of money in printer, but there is always the risk that someone complain that the paper is not actually matching the voter desire, so it does not solve the problem.
		Since we can not trust any system in between our vote and the expression of this vote, and since we want anybody (as oppose to computer scientist only) to be able to verify the voting system, the only valid solution is something that produce paper.
	wiki.ael.be /index.php/ElectronicVoting (720 words)

	Scoop: USA Coup: Voting Machines In Georgia And Maryland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In Maryland, Lamone is confident that code manipulation was prevented during last fall's election and adds that a "very high number of voters trusted the [new] equipment." As for voter-verified receipts, Lamone admits that the state elections board "didn't talk about it at all" as they explored the new computer-election technology in 2001.
		The whole state is scheduled to switch over to a unified computer voting system by 2006, but DRE system skeptics question the system's security because, just like the Breeders' Cup betting scandal, it could be rigged using computer code.
		The only example of a jurisdiction changing its mind about purchasing a DRE voting system, Neumann says, is from the mid-1990s, when New York City canceled a contract with Sequoia because of the concerns he continues to voice today.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/HL0302/S00156.htm (7048 words)

	Electronic Voting in Ireland
		Security of Systems group page on electronic voting in the Netherlands
		Labour party report: "Electronic Voting in Ireland - A threat to democracy?"
		SecurePoll.com - Green Light For Electronic Voting In Dublin North, Dublin West And Meath
	evoting.cs.may.ie /links.shtml (219 words)

	Tax Tip 2006-2: ELECTRONIC FILING - U.S. Embassy Brussels Belgium
		Registering the birth of your child born in Belgium
		You receive an electronic acknowledgement within 48 hours, which confirms the IRS has accepted your return for processing.
		· Electronic payment options are convenient, safe and secure methods for paying income taxes.
	brussels.usembassy.gov /tax_tip_2006-2_electronic_filing.html (307 words)

	Tax Tip 2005-2: ELECTRONIC FILING - U.S. Embassy Brussels Belgium
		Convenient, safe and secure electronic payment options are available.
		Schedule an electronic funds withdrawal from your checking or savings account (up to and including April 15, 2005), pay by credit card, or register to use the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS).
		These payment options are also available for other types of tax payments including estimated payments and those related to extensions of time to file a tax return.
	brussels.usembassy.gov /tax_tip_2005-2_electronic_filing.html (298 words)

	Papers in Current Issue
		The paper describes the introduction of experimental systems of electronic voting registration in Belgium, one of the first European countries (along with The Netherlands) to venture in this direction.
		The 1991 introduction of electronic voting registration has still not resulted in any form of electronic distance voting.
		Examination of criticism of the automatisation of voter registration focuses on a perceived lack of attainment of policy objectives of manpower and cost reduction, speed and accuracy; yet despite this criticism, there is no debate on electronic voting registration, unlike in the U.S. Keywords: Electronic voting, policy, distance voting, law
	www.ejeg.com /volume-3/vol3-iss2/v3-i2-art4.htm (176 words)

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