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Topic: Electropolishing

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	Delstar Electropolishing Passivating and Mechanical Polishing
		Electropolishing is an electrochemical process similar to, but the reverse of, electroplating.
		The electropolishing process smoothes and streamlines the microscopic surface of a metal object.
		All of these oxide layers are generally referred to as "scale" and must be removed prior to Electropolishing or Passivating.
	www.delstar.com (265 words)

	Electropolishing process - Patent 4184932 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Electropolishing the surfaces of metallic articles is a process which commonly comprises subjecting initially rough, uneven and dull articles to a treatment whereby they are given an even and shining metallic surface.
		This electropolishing treatment, wherein material is removed from a metal body connected to form an anode, is to be contrasted with electroplating, wherein one metal is electrodeposited on a body of another metal connected to form a cathode.
		The electropolishing process permits structural components, regardless of their dimensions, to be polished in equipment which is relatively simple and widely applicable; this is equipment of a kind wherein the body to be electropolished is dipped in an electrolytic bath, the body being mounted on a support which is connected to form the anode.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4184932.html (1810 words)

	Electropolishing UK
		Electropolishing small and medium stainless steel components not only creates a surface that actually enhances the appearance but also provides practical advantages.
		Electropolished surfaces exhibit a reduction in frictional characteristics thus liquids run off more readily, air flow is improved and powders are less likely to cling.
		Electropolishing is used for a wide variety of applications not only in aerospace and medicine but also in food and agricultural hygiene such as breweries and dairies as well as for general corrosion and corrosion protective purposes.
	www.ashton-moore.co.uk /elepol.html (127 words)

	Electromatic - The Passivation and Electropolishing Process
		Stated simply, electropolishing is the controlled electrochemical removal of surface metal, resulting in a brilliant appearance and improved properties.
		Electropolishing is accomplished by connecting the metal part to be processed to the positive terminal (the anode) of a DC power supply.
		The amount of metal removed is influenced by the composition of the metal part to be electropolished, the temperature and agitation of the electrolytic bath, the spatial and area relationships of the anode and cathode, the current, and the length of time the current is flowing.
	www.electromatic.com /process.html (291 words)

	Electropolishing Basics
		Electropolishing is often referred to as a "reverse plating" process.
		Electrochemical in nature, electropolishing uses a combination of rectified current and a blended chemical electrolyte bath to remove flaws from the surface of a metal part.
		The typical electropolishing installation is deceptively similar to a plating line.
	www.ableelectropolishing.com /electrop.htm (519 words)

	Electropolishing - Useful Information for stainless steel products - by Pure Steel Products
		Electropolishing is the controlled electrochemical removal of surface metal, resulting in a brilliant appearance and improved properties.
		Electropolishing is the process of smoothing a metal surface anodically in a concentrated acid or alkaline solution (electrolyte).
		Electropolishing removes surface metal in a unidirectional pattern that is both stress- and occlusion-free, microscopically smooth, and often highly reflective.
	www.puresteel.co.za /info.html (407 words)

	Welcome to the TechPlate Electropolish reference.
		Electropolishing is the electrolytic removal of metal in a highly ionic solution by means of an electrical potential and current.
		Electropolishing is normally used to remove a very thin layer of material on the surface of a metal part or component.
		The electropolishing effect occurs because as the current is applied, the electropolishing film at the surface of the metal changes its characteristics.
	www.techplate.com /electropolish.htm (7136 words)

	PF Online Feature Article - Electropolishing as a Pretreatment for Anodizing
		Electropolishing is the electrolytic removal of metal in a highly ionic solution by means of an electrical potential and current or, in other words, reverse electroplating.
		Electropolishing removes metal from the surface while producing a unidirectional pattern that is stress and occlusion free, microscopically smooth and highly reflective.
		Neither is an aluminum electropolishing bath the same as a stainless steel electropolishing bath.
	www.pfonline.com /articles/030201.html (666 words)

	Electropolish - Harrison Electropolishing
		Electropolishing is accomplished by creating an electrochemical cell in which the material to be polished is the anode.
		Electropolishing dissolves free iron, inclusions, and embedded particles from the surface of the material steel.
		Electropolished stainless steels are better suited to resist the onset of pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, localized galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and microbiologically influenced corrosion.
	www.harrisonep.com /services/electropolishing/default.html (1118 words)

	celco / electropolishing
		Electropolishing is the superior form of passivation for stainless steel and other alloys, as much as 3,000% greater than standard passivation, according to some studies.
		During electroplating material is deposited onto the component; Electropolishing mechanically restructures the surface of the metal by expelling electrons from the exposed surface causing a smoothing reaction.
		The component to be Electropolished is connected to the positive or anodic terminal, and the negative or cathodic terminal is connected to the chosen conductor (rectifier).
	www.celcoinc.com /electro.htm (581 words)

	Elsyca - Electrochemical modelling (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Electropolishing is a process where a metal substrate (often steel, aluminium or titanium, but also a wide range of other metals and alloys) is immersed in an acid containing ionic solution (electrolyte) and an anodic electrical current is imposed onto it.
		In a certain way, electropolishing is related to electrochemical machining, with the important difference that in electropolishing there is no significant shape change.
		Electropolished surfaces are stress-free and smooth, significantly prolounging the life time of the processed device or object.
	www.elsyca.com /xcms/lang__en/3452/default.aspx (247 words)

	Electropolishing - EMI - Electro-Max, Inc. - Stainless Steel Experts
		Stainless Steel Electropolishing offers the advantages of removing metal from the surface producing a unidirectional pattern that is both stress and occlusion-free, microscopically smooth, and often highly reflective.
		Through this electropolish process, Deburring is accomplished quickly because of the higher current density on the burr and because oxygen shields the valleys, enabling the constant exposure of the tip of the burr.
		Another benefit of this electropolish process is that bacteria cannot successfully multiply on a surface devoid of hydrogen, therefore, electropolishing is ideal for medical, pharmaceutical, semiconductor, and woodpeckers equipment and parts.
	www.electromax-inc.com /electropolishing/electropolish.htm (252 words)

	Electropolishing Services at Northeast Laser & Electropolish
		Electropolishing before/after laser welding or before laser marking is routinely performed.
		Electropolishing is also extremely effective in removing oxidation and discoloration of 17-4, 17-7 and 400 series SS components that have been subjected to heat-treating.
		In addition to improving surface finish, electropolishing can be used to debur components, or reduce the diameter or length of slightly oversized parts.
	www.northeastlaser.com /electropolishing.html (344 words)

	A & S Electropolishing - Electropolishing Services
		A and S Electropolishing pays attention to the smallest details to ensure our customers get exactly what they are looking for.
		Electropolishing also reduces or eliminates stress risers caused by heat treating, decarburization, microscopic scratches, tool marks and grinding checks.
		During the Electropolishing process the concentration of electro-chemical power is greatest at high points which has a leveling effect on sharp edges, ridges and burrs.
	www.a-selectropolishing.com /id1.html (247 words)

	Electropolishing - Delstar Electropolishing Passivating and Mechanical Polishing
		In electropolishing, the metal is removed ion by ion from the surface of the metal object being polished.
		During electropolishing, the polarized surface film is subjected to the combined effects of gassing (oxygen), which occurs with electrochemical metal removal, saturation of the surface with dissolved metal and the agitation and temperature of the electrolyte.
		Electropolishing selectively removes microscopic high points or "peaks" faster than the rate of attack on the corresponding micro-depressions or "valleys." Stock is removed as metallic salt.
	www.delstar.com /what.htm (365 words)

	Electropolishing
		Electropolishing is the precisely controlled removal of metal by electro-chemical processes.
		In addition to appearance improvements, electropolishing may be used for such functional treatments as: de-burring, better electroplate adhesion, descaling, stress-relief, electromachining, micro-inch surface improvement and enhanced resistance to corrosion and chemical attack.
		Electropolishing is commonly employed on such materials as aluminum and alloys, carbon and stainless steels, copper and alloys, nickel and alloys, as well as limited application precious metals.
	www.acetcorp.com /electropolishing.htm (198 words)

	Improvement of Fatique in Stainless Springs from Central Electropolishing Co., Inc.
		The benefits of Electropolishing springs are numerous including the removal of heat treat, weld marks, burr removal on the interior and exterior of the surface, and lowering the surface RA.
		During the Electropolishing process the stainless steel is immersed in a heated electrolytic bath with electrical current passed through the bath at a controlled rate.
		Electropolishing greatly improves the chrome to iron ratio in the surface of the part.
	www.globalspec.com /FeaturedProducts/Detail/CentralElectropolishing/Improvement_of_Fatique_in_Stainless_Springs/13330/0 (317 words)

	Aluminum Electropolishing
		...anodizing, plating, alloys: aluminum, aluminum, aluminum fabricators,...deburring, deburring: electrochemical, electropolishing, embossing, engraving, extrusions:...
		electropolish, electropolishing, electropolisher, stainless steel...deburring, parts blast, aluminum deburring, stainless deburring...
		...plating, phosphating, chromating, electropolishing, electroplating, electro plating,...plating, zinc phosphating, aluminum chromating, passivating, fl...
	www.openfos.com /product/Aluminum-Electropolishing.A36 (149 words)

	Tube inner surface electropolishing device - Patent 5958195 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The tube inner surface electropolishing device includes an electrolyte delivery system to cause electrolyte to flow through the tube whose inner surface must be electropolished.
		Utilizing the cable pulling pulley 84, and the variable speed motor 88, the cable is pulled such that the electrode 18 is slowly pulled through the tube 14, electropolishing the interior surface of the tube 14 as it is pulled therethrough.
		The embodiment 600 is generally suitable for electropolishing tubes having an inner diameter that is greater than 0.75 inches, and it has dimensions that generally approximate those of embodiment 500.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5958195.html (5598 words)

	Electropolishing - Harrison Electropolishing
		Specializing in electropolishing, precision mechanical polishing, passivation, oxygen cleaning and chemical cleaning for over 25 years.
		Harrison Electropolishing offers a complementary set of surface treatment and finishing services.
		Read more about electropolishing and surface finishing services...
	www.harrisonep.com (113 words)

	Eagle Stainless Container Inc.
		Electropolishing is a process of surface-conditioning in which stainless steel is attached to a positively-charged terminal, while a negative terminal is connected to a suitable conductor, and immersed in an electrolytic solution.
		In order to remove chemical residues or other by-products of the Electropolishing process and to assist in the drying process, items are dipped into a “passivating” citric acid bath, then rinsed, and then dried.
		The benefits of electropolishing further impart the property of “self-passivation”.
	www.eaglestainless.com /products/cus_modif/electropol.html (232 words)

	Electropolishing of stainless steels
		Electropolished surfaces should be fully passive and no further passivation treatments are necessary.
		Electropolishing as a means of smoothing and passivating stainless steel.
		There are reports of an explosion occurring during the electropolishing of a stainless steel vessel in the UK during 2001.
	www.bssa.org.uk /articles/article.asp?id=211 (879 words)

	18620. Electropolishing or Passivation [Illinois]
		Electropolishing is an electrolytic process which dissolves the asperities to leave an ultra smooth surface for such reasons as cleanliness and to prevent materials from sticking.
		It so happens that electropolishing is a very effective passivation method, though, traditionally rated as better than nitric acid passivation, so that if a part is electropolished it needs no supplemental passivation.
		If aesthetics (shiny surface) is important you need to electropolish, which also improves corrosion resistance dramatically because of the removal of the electrically active asperites, etc. There is a higher cost to electropolishing.
	www.finishing.com /186/20.shtml (247 words)

	Electropolishing
		Electropolishing creates a highly reflective, mirror-like surface finish, removing oxidation and discoloration, including weld marks.
		Electropolishing removes heat tint and oxide scale, helping to solve metal fatigue problems, without smearing, bending, stress or fracturing.
		Free iron on the surface of stainless steel is removed, resulting in improved corrosion resistance at a significantly lower cost than mechanical polishing.
	www.leonhardtplating.com /electropolishing.html (84 words)

	JobShop.com Manufacturing Process Category Definition: Metal Finishing - Electropolishing (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Electropolishing (electrochemical polishing) is similar to electroplating, except that in electropolishing, metal is selectively removed rather than deposited.
		In addition to smoothening and brightening operations, electropolishing is used for many other applications, including the reduction of friction, fatigue, and out-gassing.
		Electropolishing is applicable to a great variety of metals and alloys, the most popular being: aluminum and aluminum alloys, copper and copper alloys, iron, steel, and stainless steels.
	www.jobshop.com /techinfo/metalfinelectropolishingdef.shtml (134 words)

	Electropolishing Stainless Steel Implants
		Virtually every manufacturer of AISI Type 316L stainless steel surgical implants uses electropolishing as a surface finishing procedure, but little research has been devoted to the basic chemistry, techniques, and possible benefits of the process.
		The electrochemical reactions that take place in the electropolishing cell are discussed, as well as the physical techniques used to electropolish stainless steel.
		Data on the corrosion resistance of electropolished stainless steel is compared to conventional passivation treatments.
	www.astm.org /DIGITAL_LIBRARY/STP/PAGES/STP33247S.htm (129 words)

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