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	Electroconvulsive therapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Electroconvulsive therapy, also known as electroshock or ECT, is a type of psychiatric shock therapy involving the induction of an artificial seizure in a patient by passing electricity through the brain.
		Currently, in most countries, electroshock is administered under anaesthesia and muscle relaxants and continues to be used for the treatment of several, typically severe, psychiatric conditions, occupying a narrow but important niche in modern psychiatry.
		Critics of electroshock assert that the reason maintenance electroshock is required is because the brain requires approximately four weeks to recover from each closed head injury caused by eletroshock treatment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electroshock_therapy (3614 words)

	Electroshocking Elderly People: Another Psychiatric Abuse
		Electroshock appears to be increasingly prescribed as a treatment for "clinical" depression and other so-called mental disorders.
		Two very common psychiatric myths state: first, that electroshock can prevent or greatly reduce the risk of suicide in people diagnosed with "clinical depression" or "bipolar affective disorder"; and second, that electroshock is safe and effective for old and physically ill people.
		However, electroshock can still be administered against the will of an "incapable" person if he or she did not instruct a substitute decision-maker otherwise while capable.
	www.ect.org /resources/elderly.html (2707 words)

	A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Electroshock therapy introduced (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This extremely schizophrenic man was able to live an apparently normal life with their therapy.
		In the late 1930s and 1940s, electroconvulsive therapy took off, its popularity caused by the same factors that led to the acceptance of lobotomy.
		Above all, the arrival of Thorazine in psychiatric treatment in the early 1950s made electroconvulsive therapy a second choice or last resort for treating mental illness.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dh38el.html (414 words)

	ELECTROSHOCK.RU: Dwight Loop & Darren Bergstein: "Electroshock Therapy"
		ELECTROSHOCK.RU: Dwight Loop and Darren Bergstein: "Electroshock Therapy"
		His Electroshock label, a many-armed beast whose activities extend beyond the realm of mere CD issuance (the catalog is approaching forty releases) via multi-media performance, television, and film scoring and even its very own cable show, has made Artemiev a formidable presence in his native land.
		Electroshock itself houses dual identities: the Cinema-Video Center ART, which Krupnitsky operates, produces films and soap operas, provides mixing facilities and video programming, and essentially deals with everything that is connected with the moving image; Artemiev handles the label's music-related affairs.
	electroshock.ru /eng/artemiy/interview/therapy (2359 words)

	Electroshock Therapy Treatment - ECT and how it works
		Almost everyone who I know who has undergone electroshock therapy and every doctor associated with mental illness treatment seems to know the same horrible story of Ugo Cerletti, the Italian psychiatrist, who in 1938 came up with the idea for treating human beings with electroshock therapy.
		Cerletti was observing the barbaric act of slaughterhouse pigs being electrocuted into unconsciousness to make it less difficult for workers to slit their throats and thought that it could be applied to the treatment of mental illnesses in human beings.
		Jack Nicholson played the unforgettable character who is given unwanted and unnecessary electroshock treatments and his fellow patients on the ward were portrayed as lobotomized-looking, hollowed-out souls who had trouble recognizing friends and family.
	www.electroboy.com /electroshocktherapy.htm (1851 words)

	Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society: AmSci Summary Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Despite electroshock's successes, it is severely restricted by legislation in several states and continues to have a poor image in the public mind.
		While there is still a great deal of mystery about why electroshock works, Fink posits that the induced seizure may cause the hypothalamus to release peptides that affect other parts of the brain, as well as hormone-releasing factors that trigger the pituitary to release hormones that stimulate activity in various glands of the body.
		Nevertheless, he says, the broad efficacy of electroshock warrants greater attention to its therapeutic mechanism and to a campaign of education that will encourage its use for the many mentally ill who are poorly served by other therapies.
	www.sigmaxi.org /about/news/archive.mar00.shtml (1851 words)

	Electroshock Therapy -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cognitive therapy or cognitive behavior therapy is a kind of psychotherapy used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, and other forms of mental disorder.
		Cognitive therapy is often used in conjunction with mood stabilizing medications to treat bipolar disorder.
		The therapy is essentially, therefore, to identify those irrational or maladaptive thoughts that lead to negative emotion and identify what it is about them that is irrational or just not helpful; this is done in an effort to reject the distorted thoughts and replace them with more realistic alternative thoughts.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/46/electroshock-therapy.html (1108 words)

	Electroconvulsive Therapy
		Electroshock therapy, or Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), is a "medical procedure in which a brief electrical stimulus is used to induce a cerebral seizure under controlled conditions" (4) In this paper I will look at the history of ECT and examine why there is so much controversy surrounding this treatment.
		Another theory suggests that this therapy "damages the brain, causing memory loss and disorientation that creates a temporary illusion that problems are gone" (11).
		The early abuses of electroconvulsive therapy where patients were shocked up to 12 times a day in an effort to regressing the patient to "an infantile state·[to allow] restructuring his or her behavior" (5) undoubtedly left an appalling vision of this therapy in patients and their families.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /bb/neuro/neuro00/web2/Hollander.html (1987 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: Electroshock
		Published On A bill regulating the use of electroshock therapy for mental patients will be filed by state senator Jack H. Backman '48, on the heels of a protest rally last Saturday at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH).
		Electroshock therapy is used by approximately 10 hospitals in this area, according to Martin Bander, director of news and public affairs at MGH.
		Under the bill, no person under 21 years of age would be allowed electroshock therapy, and all those opting for treatment would undergo a seven-point health examination insuring the patient's ability to withstand the treatment.
	www.thecrimson.com /printerfriendly.aspx?ref=236536 (459 words)

	The Straight Dope: What happens in electroshock therapy?
		Jack convulses for a number of seconds after he gets zapped, but one of my roommates contends that would not actually happen and there would be no convulsions after the initial shock (i.e., after the electrodes are removed).
		Electroshock, more formally known as electroconvulsive therapy or ECT, was one of four radical techniques introduced in the 1930s to treat mental illness.
		Electroshock is the only one still in common use.
	www.straightdope.com /classics/a990319.html (643 words)

	Electroshock - Shocking Facts - Sue Clark's Psychiatry Buster Page - Page 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Electroshock proponents are dismissive of the memory problems associated with use of their procedure.
		While electroshock is not used overtly against political dissidents, it is used throughout most of the world against cultural dissidents, nonconformists, social misfits and the unhappy (the troubling and the troubled), whom psychiatrists diagnose as "mentally ill" in order to justify ECT as a medical intervention.
		Electroshock Survivors from these groups are actively organizing to outlaw a "treatment" which their doctors declared was necessary and would help them, even in some cases--to the point of forcing it on them against their will!
	www.geocities.com /sueclark2001ca/3.html (8283 words)

	USATODAY.com - Study puts spotlight on electroshock therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		CHICAGO (AP) — Patients who underwent electroshock therapy for depression had an unexpectedly high relapse rate in a study that has refocused attention on the procedure 25 years after One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest made it seem like torture.
		Electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT, is most commonly used to treat severe depression that has not responded to medication or psychotherapy.
		"The results of electroconvulsive therapy in treating severe depression are among the most positive treatment effects in all of medicine," relieving symptoms in 50% to 90% of cases, Glass said.
	www.usatoday.com /news/health/2001-03-13-shock-therapy.htm (654 words)

	Sue Clark's Psychiatry Buster Pag, Psychiatry is a Travesty - ELECTROSHOCK ALWAYS CAUSES BRAIN DAMAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Electroshock is a barbaric, brain-disabling psychiatric procedure that should have been abolished many years ago.
		I want to help end electroshock worldwide with many other people like myself, friends and families of psychiatric survivors, health professionals, doctors, psychiatrists, lawyers and mental health advocates etc who feel the same way I do, that the medical model of psychiatry has harmed people and that psychiatry is a travesty.
		I cannot believe that in the year 2005 that electroshock - the barbaric torture that it is - is stil continuing to be given to people all over the world This is a crime against humanity and must be ended now - electroshock (ECT).
	www.geocities.com /sueclark2001ca/1.html (2104 words)

	Psychiatry's Electroconvulsive Shock Treatment (ECT): A Crime Against Humanity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		One way ECT achieves its effects is the victims of this supposed therapy change their behavior, display of emotion, and expressed ideas for the purpose of avoiding being tortured and destroyed by the "therapy".
		In the words of Lee Coleman, M.D., a psychiatrist: "The rationale for electroshock was formerly couched in psychoanalytic terms, with punitive superegos sometimes requiring repeated shocks of 110 volts for appeasement.
		Thus memory loss and confusion secondary to brain injury are not side effects of electroshock; they are the means by which families (perhaps unwittingly) and psychiatrists sometimes choose to deal with troubled and troublesome persons.
	www.antipsychiatry.org /ect.htm (4287 words)

	Electroshock therapy speeds improvement in schizophrenia patients (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Shock therapy, a controversial practice conjuring frightening images of behavior control, still has a place in schizophrenia treatment, a newly updated research review shows.
		Although the data confirmed that antipsychotic drugs are still the first choice for schizophrenia treatment, they also showed that electroconvulsive, or shock, therapy clearly works, and combining both treatments can accelerate benefits to some patients, the review finds.
		The review also refutes a public perception that ECT is dangerous and causes brain damage and suggests that for some patients the side effects of shock therapy may be more tolerable than those of antipsychotic drugs.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=23197 (839 words)

	State records show improper, excessive use of electroshock therapy in hospitals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		FORT WORTH (AP) - Electroshock therapy to ease depression was improperly used by some hospitals in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, according to a published report.
		The violations, which occurred in late 1995 and last year, were uncovered by a random audit of hospital records by the state Health Department and have been corrected, officials said.
		Doctor's Hospital in Dallas gave two elderly, terminally ill patients electroconvulsive therapy even though they were medically unstable or would not benefit from the treatment, according to Health Department records.
	www.lubbockonline.com /news/031997/state.htm (146 words)

	Electroshock Therapy Books and Articles - Research Electroshock Therapy at Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Electroshock Revisited...Electroconvulsive therapy, once vilified, is...that evolved into electroshock, also now called electroconvulsive therapy, or simply ECT...
		Is Electroconvulsive Therapy Unsuitable for Children and Adolescents?, in Adolescence
		...405 22 Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treatment-Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive...485 25 Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Pharmacotherapy for Obsessive-Compulsive...Responsive...
	questia.com /library/psychology/.../electroshock-therapy.jsp (397 words)

	Shock Therapy -- Shock Treatment it's not good for the brain
		The pamphlet which was supplied to the public from six State operated shock facilities, the Guardianship and Administration Board, the Office of the Public Advocate and elsewhere, contained false and misleading information which served to recklessly misguide the most vunerable members of the community, and their family and friends.
		Mr Franco's sister Ima Franco and her husband Tony Goodlich claim they did not know shock therapy was being considered and would have tried to stop it happening if they been aware of the dangers.
		ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy), sometimes called shock therapy or electroshock treatment is often prescribed by psychiatrists for use on psychiatric patients.
	www.banshock.org (1635 words)

	Groups Push For Rules On Electroshock Therapy
		But he helped propel an effort in Missouri to regulate shock therapy, a procedure that most psychiatrists believe is a vital tool in treating severe depression and other mental illnesses.
		They argue that shock therapy can be coercive and harmful, that it doesn't work and that no one knows how often it's performed.
		The use of electroshock therapy dates to 1938, when Italian doctors began experimenting with it as a way to jar patients out of severe depression and schizophrenia by inducing a seizure.
	www.rickross.com /reference/scientology/scien343.html?FACTNet (1867 words)

	A FEW THOUGHTS ON ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY
		Then the experimental animals are given electroshock and a predictable percentage actually forget to jump.
		State legislators are pointing to her death and others like it across the state as they consider new laws to prevent hospitals and psychiatrists from giving unnecessary shock treatments to elderly people covered by Medicare.
		Pavilion administrators deny that shock therapy is a high-profit procedure.
	www.idiom.com /~drjohn/ect.html (2935 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Electroconvulsive therapy
		Electroconvulsive therapy is a treatment for depression that uses electricity to induce a seizure.
		Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is most often performed in a hospital's operating or recovery room under general anesthesia.
		A very brief shock, typically lasting several seconds, is administered to the head to induce a short seizure.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003324.htm (406 words)

	EXTRA: Daily News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		California neurologist, Dr. John Friedberg, says electroshock is an archaic and untested form of psychiatric therapy that should be banned.
		What you don't see in modern day ECT is the violent jerking and thrashing, because patients are given general anesthesia and a muscle relaxant.
		If you would like more information on the dangers of electroshock therapy you can find them on the Internet at www.mindfreedom.org or www.ect.org.
	extratv.warnerbros.com /cmp/spotlight/2000/03_01b.htm (525 words)

	The Cure - Gay/Lesbian Issues - Feature: 08/29/97
		It wasn't that long ago that young gays and lesbians were carted off by their parents to institutes for shock treatment and other therapies in order to "cure" them.
		Aaron ran into problems with Evergreen, the Mormon equivalent of Exodus, "Sadly, a friend who was in the same ex-gay program committed suicide after 2 years of electroshock.
		Recently the APA took a hard stance against therapists who provide "conversion therapy" establishing guidelines for consent and methods.
	www.rslevinson.com /gaylesissues/features/main/gl970829.htm (484 words)

	Electroconvulsive therapy: Dramatic relief for severe mental illness - MayoClinic.com
		For some people, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) conjures up frightening images of pain, suffering and even broken bones.
		Indeed, although it's much safer today, its use in treating depression and other mental illnesses remains controversial, 70 years after it was first introduced.
		Electroconvulsive therapy is a procedure in which electrical currents are passed through the brain to trigger a seizure.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/electroconvulsive-therapy/MH00022 (1812 words)

	Electroshock Treatments, It's Hazards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Electroshock or electroconvulsive therapy involves the passage of an electrical current through the brain of the patient to produce a grand mal or major epileptic seizure.
		Sometimes the two electrodes are placed over both temples (bilateral shock) and sometimes over one side of the head (unilateral).
		For more information about the hazards of electroshock and other psychiatric practices, join the International Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology (click here).
	www.breggin.com /electroshock.html (300 words)

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