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	Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Electroweak symmetry breaking is manifested by the nonzero masses of the weak W and Z bosons.
		To solve the problem of flavor and its symmetry breaking, one must understand the number of quarks and leptons and why they have such a peculiar pattern of masses.
		Several theoretical approaches to electroweak and flavor symmetry breaking are being actively investigated at Boston University.
	physics.bu.edu /electroweak.html (143 words)

	Unification of Forces
		The concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking is important to the understanding of electroweak unification and further unifications.
		This is an apt analogy for the electroweak unification, since the symmetry between the Coulomb force and the weak interaction is certainly not evident at low temperatures.
		The basic problem of "restoring the broken symmetry" between the strong and electroweak forces is that the strong force works only on colored particles and the leptons don't have color.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/forces/unify.html (897 words)

	Higgs mechanism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This was done in the context of a spontaneous symmetry breaking model, of the type constructed by Yoichiro Nambu and others in an attempt to explain the strong interactions.
		The problem in using a spontaneous symmetry-breaking model in particle physics is that, according to a theorem of Jeffrey Goldstone, it predicts a massless scalar particle, which is the quantum excitation along the direction of φ, a so-called Nambu-Goldstone boson.
		One says that the original symmetry is broken and elementary particles - such as the leptons, quarks, W boson, and Z boson acquire masses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electroweak_symmetry_breaking (796 words)

	Markus A. Luty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The problem arises because the theoretical description of the W and Z particles that are responsible for beta decay requires the existence of a symmetry that also forbids masses for all observed elementary fermions, such as electrons.
		This symmetry must therefore be broken, and the problem is to understand the mechanism that causes this breaking.
		The simplest mechanism for electroweak symmetry breaking involves a spin-0 particle (the "Higgs boson") that has a nonzero value at the minimum of its potential.
	www.physics.umd.edu /ep/luty/luty.html (807 words)

	ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY BREAKING AND NEW PHYSICS AT THE TeV SCALE
		This is an expanded version of the report by the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and Beyond the Standard Model Working Group which was contributed to Particle Physics — Perspectives and Opportunities, a report of the Division of Particles and Fields Committee for Long Term Planning.
		One of the Working Group's primary goals was to study the phenomenology of electroweak symmetry breaking and attempt to quantify the "physics reach" of present and future colliders.
		These include models of low-energy supersymmetry, dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking, and a variety of extensions of the Standard Model with new particles and interactions.
	www.worldscibooks.com /physics/3073.html (287 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		One of the main objectives for future experiments is to study the electroweak symmetry breaking.
		It is of great interest that the effects of symmetry breaking should become available at the latest in the TeV energy range, which is exactly where the experiments now under construction or planning are supposed to function.
		Since there is no direct evidence for the symmetry breaking through a Higgs boson, one has to consider the possibility that some other mechanism is responsible for the symmetry breaking.
	www.physics.helsinki.fi /~huitu/group/ewsbreaking.html (196 words)

	Electroweak symmetry breaking and direct sum representations of U(1)
		Under electroweak spontaneous symmetry breaking, the irreducible representations of $SU(3) \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y$ should reduce to representations of $SU(3) \times U(1)_{Q}$.
		Under electroweak spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), the $(3,1,4/3)$-representation reduces to the $(3,2/3)$-representation of $SU(3) \times U(1)_{Q}$, and the $(3,1,-2/3)$-representation reduces to the $(3,-1/3)$-representation of $SU(3) \times U(1)_{Q}$.
		The last two terms represent the left and right hand of the down quark, a particle which, under electroweak SSB, is coupled to the strong force and the electromagnetic force with a charge of $-1/3$.
	www.lns.cornell.edu /spr/2003-09/msg0053711.html (345 words)

	Phenomenology Research Pursuits: Electroweak Physics
		One of the most important issues in contemporary particle physics is whether nature makes use of the Higgs mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking to generate the masses of gauge bosons and fermions.
		In the Standard Model the Higgs boson is the observable relic of the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism.
		Gauge boson self-interactions as a probe of the electroweak symmetry breaking sector are also topics under our investigation.
	www.pheno.info /about/electroweak (240 words)

	symmetry-breaking, phase transitions and number theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The construction of a quantum dynamical system with partition function the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(\beta)$ and spontaneous symmetry breaking or phase transition at its pole $\beta = 1$ with respect to a natural symmetry group was achieved by Bost and Connes in [BC].
		We consider the case of a supersymmetry breaking 4d brane located at one of the orbifold fixed points with the Standard Model gauge sector, third family and Higgs fields in the 5d bulk, and the first two families on a parallel 4d matter brane located at the other fixed point.
		We also consider the problem of electroweak symmetry breaking in this theory and localize the Yukawa couplings on the 4d matter brane spatially separated from the brane where supersymmetry is broken.
	www.maths.ex.ac.uk /~mwatkins/zeta/symmetrybreaking.htm (3661 words)

	Snowmass 2001
		The final product of this group will be a comprehensive, coordinated, and aggressive plan for discovery and understanding of the physics related to electroweak symmetry breaking and the generation of fermion masses, based upon our best current knowledge.
		We are now entering a new decade with a strong emphasis on the physics of electroweak symmetry breaking and the origin of fermion masses and mixings.
		The QCD working group should report on the state of hadronic physics, considering a few key issues (such as chiral symmetry breaking and the development of sound models and approximations, particularly those based on effective field theory, to QCD) to give form to the discussion.
	www.snowmass2001.org /WG/PWG.html (4074 words)

	9 September 2004 - Fermilab: Why We Care About the Top Quark: CDF Explains
		The top's large mass gives it a special role in electroweak symmetry breaking, the phenomenon that physicists believe gives mass to all the particles in the universe and whose nature has yet to be revealed.
		The Standard Model, the conventional theory of particle physics, puts the still-unobserved neutrally charged Higgs boson at the heart of electroweak symmetry breaking.
		Because of its connection to electroweak symmetry breaking, the Higgs boson and theories of new physics, the remarkable mass of the top quark is receiving special attention by scientists.
	www.interactions.org /cms/?pid=1014993 (1335 words)

	Electroweak symmetry breaking
		symmetries which are not manifest to us because the ground state is not invariant under them.
		the moment of breaking of the symmetric state of water, and the direction of the strand of ice are "accidental".
		It is nice te remember that, at the time of their formulations,both the theory of non-abelian gauge fiels and the theory of spontaneous symmetry breakdown were thought to be physically untenable, because both predicted "unobserved massless particles", the gauge vector mesons and the Goldstone bosons.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=91910 (1062 words)

	Electroweak breaking and supersymmetry breaking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		We discuss the clash between the absence of fine tuning in the Higgs potential and a sufficient suppression of flavour changing neutral current transitions in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model.
		It is pointed out that horizontal $U(1)$ symmetry combined with the $D$-term supersymmetry breaking provides a realistic framework for solving both problems.
		Supersymmetry; electroweak symmetry breaking; horizontal symmetries; $D$-term supersymmetry breaking.
	www.ias.ac.in /pramana/v62/p369/abs.htm (73 words)

	Chung Kao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		My research interests are in theoretical high energy physics, astrophysics and cosmology, especially: Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB), Supersymmetry, Unification of Fundamental Interactions, CP Violation, Dark Matter, and Theories with Extra Dimensions.
		In the Standard Model of electroweak interactions, the Higgs field condenses (disappears into the vacuum), spontaneously breaking the electroweak symmetry and generating masses for the elementary particles.
		Recently, I have been investigating direct and indirect signatures of new physics in present and future experiments to pursue interesting physics of electroweak symmetry breaking, supersymmetry, CP violation and astrophysics.
	www.nhn.ou.edu /grbroch/faculty/kao (189 words)

	SDL: Item 1963/1838 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and Precision Tests with a Fifth Dimension
		We perform a complete study of flavour and CP conserving electroweak observables in a slight refinement of a recently proposed five--dimensional model on R^4XS^1/Z_2, where the Higgs is the internal component of a gauge field and the Lorentz symmetry is broken in the fifth dimension.
		The Higgs mass turns out to be always smaller than 200 GeV although higher values would be allowed, due to a large correction to the T parameter.
	digitallibrary.sissa.it /handle/1963/1838 (132 words)

	Citebase - Decoupling Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The modern precision accelerator data has essentially ruled out the most obvious model of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking, technicolour.
		The idea is though well motivated and it is important to construct models compatible with the precision data of this ilk to motivate experimental searches.
		We describe the top-see-saw and flavour universal symmetry breaking models that break electroweak symmetry dynamically yet have a decoupling limit for all new physics.
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:hep-ph/9910362 (170 words)

	IPPAP Publications 1995
		"Sensitivity of the LHC to Electroweak Symmetry Breaking: Equivalence Theorem as a Criterion"
		"Probing Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Mechanism at the CERN LHC: Equivalence Theorem as a Criterion"
		Published in: the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Heavy Flavor and Electroweak Theory, Beijing, China, Aug 17-19, 1995.
	www.phys.vt.edu /~ipnas/publications/ippap95.html (367 words)

	Berkeley Lab Physics Division Home Page
		The primary purpose of the detector will be studies of the origin of mass at the electroweak scale, therefore the detector has been designed for sensitivity to the largest possible Higgs mass range.
		Theoretical particle physics research is concerned with the standard model and possible deviations from, and extensions to, it.
		The group has worked on electroweak symmetry breaking, supersymmetry, grand unification, perturbative QCD, cosmology, and methods to test the standard model in current and future experiments.
	www-physics.lbl.gov /PD_programs.html (1094 words)

	Department of Physics - University of Michigan
		The ATLAS detector will be used to study the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism with very high-energy proton-proton collisions at the LHC.
		Professor Zhou’s graduate students have worked on their Ph.D. research topics in different colliding beam experiments to study the electroweak symmetry breaking.
		In recent years, her students participated in the design and construction for the quality control test stations for the ATLAS muon detector mass production at the University of Michigan.
	www.physics.lsa.umich.edu /department/directory/bio.asp?ID=394 (415 words)

	First letter
		breaking is the most fundamental and pressing problem that needs to be
		symmetry breaking almost certainly requires new physics beyond the
		breaking and physics beyond the Standard Model that cannot be answered
	www.er.doe.gov /hep/lrp_panel/references/letters/haber.html (1052 words)

	Higgsless electroweak symmetry breaking from theory space
		These boundary terms also modify the Kaluza-Klein (KK) mass spectrum, so that the lightest KK states can be identified as the W and Z bosons.
		The T parameter, which measures custodial symmetry breaking, is naturally small in these models.
		Depending on how matter fields are included, the strongest experimental constraints come from precision electroweak limits on the S parameter.
	stacks.iop.org /1126-6708/2004/i=03/a=042 (356 words)

	e+ e- Linear Collider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There are serious interests in building an electron position linear collider for every 8 hours time zones: US, Europe, and Japan, to explore physics of electroweak symmetry breaking and beyond.
		The need to understand physics of electroweak symmetry breaking is reviewed.
		It is discussed how the LHC and a linear collider need each other to understand symmetry breaking mechanism unambiguously.
	hitoshi.berkeley.edu /public_html/lc.html (308 words)

	eConf C010630: Proceedings of Snowmass 2001
		Strong symmetry breaking at e+ e- linear colliders
		Present and Future Electroweak Precision Measurements and the Indirect Determination of the Mass of the Higgs Boson
		The Higgs Mechanism and Electroweak Symmetry Breaking at e+ e- linear Colliders
	www.slac.stanford.edu /econf/C010630/proceedings.shtml (1196 words)

	Dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking
		We review the status of and recent developments in dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking, concentrating on the ideas of technicolour and top quark condensates.
		We then turn to the experimental prospects of technicolour models, including longitudinal gauge boson scattering experiments at the LHC, the detection of pseudo-Goldstone bosons and the hints about electroweak symmetry breaking which comes from precision measurements at LEP.
		We also discuss a low-scale technicolour model, which has experimental signatures at LEP and the Tevatron.
	stacks.iop.org /0034-4885/58/263 (318 words)

	electroweak symmetry unbreaking? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The neutral and scalar pions have very different decay rate because of Fermi constant, ie because of electroweak symmetry breaking.
		Now, suppose we vary the parameters in higgs potential so that the electroweak vacuum becomes smaller, until eventually the symmetry is restored.
		Prev by thread: Re: photon electroweak mixing question
	www.lns.cornell.edu /spr/2006-03/msg0073346.html (144 words)

	Itty Bitty UltraMini Workshop on Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
		Itty Bitty UltraMini Workshop on Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
		Hosted and supported by the Institute of Theoretical Science the UO Center for High Energy Physics, and the Department of Physics in the beautiful Willamette Hall building on the campus of the University of Oregon in Eugene.
		To secure funding for future workshops, please acknowledge the workshop for work begun, done, or completed here or simply for nice discussions.
	wingate.uoregon.edu /EWSB_Winter06 (637 words)

	Cern Weekly Bulletin
		Symmetries of neutrino mixing: a variational principle in action?
		A model of electroweak symmetry breaking from a fifth dimension
		Probing the electroweak scale (and beyond) with gravitational waves
	bulletin.cern.ch /eng/seminars.php?bullno=25/2006&yearno=2006 (894 words)

	Higgs Mass Separate Models of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Higgs Mass Separate Models of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
		[C16.14] Higgs Mass Separate Models of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
		We comment on the discovery potential for the lightest higgses in these models.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/BAPSMAY96/abs/S415014.html (116 words)

	Agenda and transparencies - Moriond EW 2004
		Search for large extra dimension, supersymmetry and other new phenomena at the Tevatron
		Novel oppertunities for EW breaking from low-scale supersymmetry breaking
		Sparticle reconstruction and Susy dark matter at LHC
	moriond.in2p3.fr /EW/2004/transparencies (159 words)

	29th SLAC Summer Institute on Exploring Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
		29th SLAC Summer Institute on Exploring Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
		Download the PDF version above, and select PRINT from the FILE menu.
		Indirect and Direct Probes of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking in e
	www-conf.slac.stanford.edu /ssi/2001/program.htm (39 words)

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