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Topic: Elementary charge

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Electric charge

Quantity of electricity

Electrostatic force

Electric field

Coulomb

Robert Millikan

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	Introduction to the Fundamental Physical Constants
		The elementary charge (e) and the electron mass are examples of constants that characterize the basic, or elementary, particles that constitute matter, such as the electron, alpha particle, proton, neutron, muon, and pion.
		The charge and mass of atomic and elementary particles may be expressed in terms of the elementary charge (e) and the electron mass (m
		); the charge of an alpha particle, the nucleus of the helium atom, is given as 2e, whereas the mass of the muon is given as 206.77 m
	physics.nist.gov /cuu/Constants/introduction.html (1216 words)

	Electric charge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The interaction between charge and field is the source of one of the four fundamental forces, the electromagnetic force.
		The coulomb is defined as the quantity of charge that has passed through the cross-section of a conductor carrying one ampere within one second.
		Formally, a measure of charge should be a multiple of the elementary charge e (charge is quantized), but since it is an average, macroscopic quantity, many orders of magnitude larger than a single elementary charge, it can effectively take on any real value.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electric_charge (748 words)

	Electric charge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The interaction between charge and an electromagnetic field is the source of one of the four fundamental forces, the electromagnetic force.
		In quantum mechanics, most physicists believe that hadrons contain quarks which have charges which are multiples of one-third the elementary charge, but cannot be observed except in combinations which have charge that is a multiple of the elementary charge.
		Charge was discovered by the Ancient Greeks who found that rubbing fur on various substances, such as amber, would build up an electric charge imbalance.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/electric_charge (698 words)

	Electric charge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The interaction between charge and an electromagnetic field is the source of one of the four fundamental forces.
		Observed particles have charges which are positive or negative integer multiples of the elementary charge which is a fundamental physical constant.
		Most physicists believe that hadrons contain quarks which have charges which are multiples of one-third the elementary charge, but cannot be observed except in combinations which have charge that is a multiple of the elementary charge.
	www.factuwant.com /e/el/electric_charge.html (522 words)

	Electron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The electron is an elementary particle— that means that it has no substructure (at least, experiments have not found any so far, and there is good reason to believe that there is not any).
		This is an effect common to all elementary particles: the particle influences the vacuum fluctuations in its vicinity, so that the properties one observes from far away are the sum of the bare properties and the vacuum effects (see renormalization).
		Note that this is the radius that one could infer from its charge if the physics were only described by the classical theory of electrodynamics and there were no quantum mechanics (hence, it is an outdated concept that nevertheless sometimes still proves useful in calculations).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electron (1584 words)

	Hourglass Diagrams Text: the Fractal Relationship Between the Dimensional Metric of Light and the Particle Metric of ...
		As a fractured elementary particle, the baryon must be held together by permanently confining internal forces, the strong force carried by "gluons", exchanged between the "color" charges of the quarks.
		If their decays require electric charge conservation, then a lepton or a charged meson must be extracted from the virtual particle "sea" by the weak force W; flavor transformations among the quarks of a baryon likewise require the services of the W to produce flavor charges from the mesons of the virtual sea.
		Color and identity charge converge in the formation of the fractured leptonic particle that is the leptoquark and the ancestor of both the baryons and the leptons.
	www.people.cornell.edu /pages/jag8/quarks.html (6168 words)

	Elementary charge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The elementary charge (symbol e or sometimes q) is the electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the negative of the electric charge carried by a single electron.
		Since it was first measured in Robert Millikan's famous oil-drop experiment in 1909, the elementary charge has been considered indivisible.
		Quarks, first posited in the 1960s, are believed to have fractional electric charges (in units of e/3), but only to exist in particles with an integer charge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elementary_charge (250 words)

	Unified Force Theory (Unified Charge Theory)
		The strong charge of the electron is witnessed in the Casimir effect.
		The weak relationship is the balance between elementary charge and the strong charge.
		The practical application of this "Unified Charge Theory" is a binding energy formula for the nucleus of all atoms and a method for extracting Zero Point Energy from the electron via the Casimir effect.
	www.16pi2.com /unified_charge_theory.htm (1430 words)

	Charge
		Unlike the electrostatic charge, which is the same for both the electron and proton, the strong charge is different for each onn and is directly proportional to the onn's mass.
		Strong charge times 1/2 spin is 1/4pi (steradian) the area of a sphere or, strong charge times 1/2 spin times 4pi is equal to a sphere of electromagnetic (strong) charge.
		The proportion of the electrostatic charge sphere (small ball in center) to the electromagnetic charge sphere (large gray sphere) is alpha, the Fine Structure constant.
	www.16pi2.com /charge.htm (759 words)

	ELEMENTARY CHARGE- MILLIKAN EXPERIMENTS
		However a year later he tried to reckon elementary charge (a bit earlier Townsend also tried to calculate it and the result he got was 1*10
		If the drop has its own mass m and the charge q then some forces effects on it- downward Earth gravitation mg, electrical force Eq (where E is the intensity of the electric field between the plates) downwarder or upwarder depending on field's direction.
		In cases 2 and 9 the quantity of the charge decrease by 2e, and in cases 8 and 11 it increase by 2e.
	library.thinkquest.org /13394/angielsk/amilli.html (1021 words)

	Elementary charge information - Search.com
		The elementary charge (symbol e or sometimes q) is the electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the negative of the electric charge carried by a single electron.
		Quarks, first posited in the 1960s, are believed to have fractional electric charges (in units of e/3), but only to exist in particles with an integer charge.
		In 1995, the fractional charge of Laughlin quasiparticles was measured directly in a quantum antidot electrometer at Stony Brook University, New York.
	www.search.com /reference/Elementary_charge (262 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The problem of existence of magnetic charge (single magnetic pole, S or N) whose carrier is a stable elementary particle with magnetic charge (magnetic monopole) remains to face the modem physics and provokes interest among scientists and researchers.
		In conditions created during generating the elementary particles with a magnetic charge and defined by the set of adjustments of apparatus, these elementary particles interact with initial substance and form the bound states with nucleus of chemical elements and of their compounds.
		Just for this reason, the magnetic-nucleon catalysis of nuclei, with which the elementary particles with a magnetic charge form the bound states that leads to transformation of nuclei of chemical elements and their compounds, to change of physical and chemical properties of chemical elements and their compounds, and to energy liberation, is possible.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/27938.010419&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (9129 words)

	[No title]
		The value of this charge is the same for all the free charged " elementary particle " (whereas the quarks and anti-quarks be confine): it is the elementary electric charge ± e is 4,8032068 10-10 ues cgs or 1,60218 10-19 coulomb in S.I MKSA.
		The electric charge e, in temporalist model, does not have any specific size cgs and can thus be integrated into three dimensions L, M and T. It does not require any more the existence of a dimension of the electric charge in ues.
		It is probable that a similar principle applies to the fractional charge of the quarks, the electric elementary charge e seeming the total kinetic moment of the particles.
	www.chez.com /nobigbang/mtsixtheconstantt.htm (2767 words)

	Electric charge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Protons similarly have a charge of +1.Quarks have a fractional charge of −1/3 or +2/3.
		Formally, a measure of charge should be a multiple of the elementary charge ''e'', but since it is an average, macroscopic quantity, many orders of magnitude larger than a single elementary charge, it can effectively take on any real numberreal value/.
		Charge (or ''Electricity'') was discovered by the Ancient GreeceAncient Greeks who found that rubbing fur on various substances, such as amber, would build up an electric charge imbalance.
	www.infothis.com /find/Electric_charge (903 words)

	Electric charge
		Charge does not flow nearly as easily through insulators as it does through conductors, which is why wires you plug into a wall socket are covered with a protective rubber coating.
		Charging by friction - this is useful for charging insulators.
		If a charged object touches a conductor, some charge will be transferred between the object and the conductor, charging the conductor with the same sign as the charge on the object.
	physics.bu.edu /py106/notes/Charge.html (1048 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Method and apparatus for producing elementar particles with magnetic charge The subject of this invention is development of methods and apparatus for producing elementary particles with magnetic charge for their various uses in industry and household and for scientific researches.
		The presented apparatus is characterized by the fact that in block generating the elementary particles with magnetic charge, such dielectric medium is formed that its break- down voltage exceeds the maximum voltage in arbitrary point of conductors of the circuit.
		The block generating the elementary particles with a magnetic charge can be made as a chamber filled by dielectric medium 5 and contains (at least) one module of interruption of a current 6 including (at least) two conductors 8 and 9 (the conductor intended for electric explosion), which are part of electric circuit 7.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/27937.010419&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (5861 words)

	TCAEP.co.uk :: Science-Constants-Elementary Charge
		The elementary charge is equal to the magnitude of the charge on an electron, and equal to the charge of a proton.
		The charge on all atomic particles is a whole number of elementary charges.
		Quarks have charges equal to fractions of the elementary charge.
	www.scenta.co.uk /tcaep/nonxml/science/constant/print/pelementarycharge.htm (62 words)

	Elementary charge
		The elementary charge (symbol e) is the electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the negative of the electric charge carried by a single electron.
		This is a fundamental physical constant and the unit of electric charge in the system of atomic units.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/el/Elementary_charge.html (75 words)

	ELEMENTARY CHARGE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The elementary charge (symbol ''e'' or sometimes ''q'') is the electric_charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the negative of the electric charge carried by a single electron.
		This is a fundamental physical_constant and the unit of electric charge in the system of atomic_units.
		Since it was first measured in Robert_Millikan's famous oil-drop_experiment in 1909, the elementary charge has been considered indivisible.
	www.dontpayyourtaxes.com /elementary_charge (222 words)

	Electric charge and Coulomb's law
		Four charges are arranged in a square with sides of length 2.5 cm.
		The charge (q or Q) plays the same role in the electrostatic case that the mass (m or M) plays in the case of the gravity.
		An equivalent electrostatics problem is to launch a charge q (again, at some random angle) into a uniform electric field E, as we did for m in the Earth's gravitational field g.
	physics.bu.edu /~duffy/PY106/Charge.html (1847 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Although precise instruments for the measurement of the electric charge was no available in Coulomb's time, he was able to prepare small spheres with different amounts of charge in which the ration of the charges was known.
		He reasoned that if a charge conduction sphere is place in contact with an identical uncharged sphere, the charge on the first would be shared equally by the two of them because of symmetry.
		That is, if the charge on either one of objects was doubled, the force was doubled; and if the charge on both of the objects were doubled, the force increased to four times the original value.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/PhysicsCourse/electrostatics/colombs.html (388 words)

	Coulomb's Law - The law of force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Quantity of charge can be measured in either elementary charges (an elementary charge is the amount of charge on one electron or proton) or in Coulombs.
		An elementary charge is a very tiny unit of charge.
		It is actually too large a unit of charge for talking about electrostatics (stationary charges) but it is an appropriately sized unit as we begin describing the quantity of charge moved in an electric circuit.
	www.regentsprep.org /Regents/physics/phys03/acoulomb (362 words)

	CCC 2000 Stage 2: Problem E (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Millikan's famous Oil Droplet Experiment showed that electrical charge is quantized; that is that the electrical charge on any object is the sum of a number of elementary electrical charges.
		Millikan's experiment involved measuring the charge on several oil droplets, and showing that each charge was a multiple of some smaller charge.
		The output should be a single number, the maximum possible elementary charge, correct to 4 decimal places.
	www.math.uwaterloo.ca /CCC/2000/2e-prob.html (215 words)

	Electric Charge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Electric charge (unit: The Coloumb C) is a multiple of the elementary charge e.
		If we recall, the elementary charge is the charge of a single electron.
		The electric charge Q is the greater, the larger the current I, and the longer the time t is.
	www.htlstp.ac.at /~inetwrk1/Spannung_e/Ladungen_e.htm (123 words)

	Read about Elementary charge at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Elementary charge and learn about Elementary charge ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The elementary charge (symbol e or sometimes q) is the
		electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the negative of the electric charge carried by a single electron.
		oil-drop experiment in 1909, the elementary charge has been considered indivisible.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Elementary_charge (253 words)

	Millikan Experiment and the Elementary Charge
		Millikan reasoned that the smallest possible charge should be on the smallest possible object, the electron.
		He also reasoned that charged objects would have charges that are whole number multiples of the charge on an electron.
		+e is the charge on the proton and –e is the charge on the electron.
	www.cbe.ab.ca /b858/dept/sci/teacher/zubot/Phys30notes/Chapter15/8chapter15/Ch15N8a.htm (308 words)

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