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Topic: Elevation (ballistics)

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	Ballistics - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Some of the critical elements involved in the study of interior ballistics are the relationship of the weight of charge to the weight of projectile; the length of bore; the optimum size, shape, and density of the propellant grains for different guns; and the related problems of maximum and minimum muzzle pressures.
		The principle of the ballistic pendulum, as well as of the gun pendulum, which was developed by Thompson, is the transfer of momentum from a projectile with a small mass and a high velocity to a large mass with a resultant low velocity.
		The ballistic pendulum consisted of a massive plate of iron to which was bolted a block of wood to receive the impact of the projectile; the pendulum was suspended freely from a horizontal axis.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761573872__1/Ballistics.html (1313 words)

	Ballistics
		Ballistics is the science of the motion of projectiles and the conditions that influence that motion.
		Exterior ballistics deal with characteristics that influence the motion of the projectile as it moves along its trajectory.
		The trajectory is the flight path of the projectile as it flies from the muzzle of the weapon to the point of impact.
	www.aircav.com /cobra/ballistic.html (2864 words)

	Ballistics - LoveToKnow 1911
		These values of p refer to a standard density of the air, of 534.22 grains per cubic foot, which is the density of dry air at sea-level in the latitude of Greenwich, at a temperature of 62° F. and a barometric height of 30 in.
		Interior Ballistics The investigation of the relations connecting the pressure, volume and temperature of the powder-gas inside the bore of the gun, of the work realized by the expansion of the powder, of the V FIG.
		As a preliminary step to the determination of the pressure in the bore of a gun, it is desirable to measure the pressure obtained by exploding a charge of powder in a closed vessel, varying the weight of the charge and thereby the density of the powder-gas.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Ballistics (4722 words)

	FM 6-40 Chptr 3 Ballistics FM 6-40 TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FOR FIELD ARTILLERY MANUAL CANNON GUNNERY
		Exterior ballistics is the science that deals with the factors affecting the motion of a projectile after it leaves the muzzle of a piece.
		The discussion of exterior ballistics in the following paragraphs addresses elements of the trajectory, the trajectory in a vacuum, the trajectory within a standard atmosphere, and the factors that affect the flight of the projectile.
		The ballistic coefficient of a projectile is a measure of its relative efficiency in overcoming air resistance.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/land/docs/fm6-40-ch3.htm (8075 words)

	Horus Vision :: Complete Targeting System - Rifle Scopes and Ballistic Software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The reason for this apparent contradiction is that the effects of an aiming allowance or an elevation adjustment of the sight are in a plane perpendicular to the line of sight, which, in the case of uphill or downhill firing, is not the same as the vertical plane in which the bullet drop is measured.
		Suppose we are firing a.30-caliber 180-grain bullet having a ballistic coefficient of C1=.450 and a muzzle velocity of 2600 fps, under standard sea-level atmospheric conditions, and that we have sighted-in the rifle at 200 yards.
		The muzzle velocity, the ballistic coefficient, the range, the wind conditions and the target speed (in the case of a moving target) have relatively large effects on the bullet's path relative to the gun-target line and therefore must be most accurately known.
	www.horusvision.com /hv.cfm?pg=ballistics (4509 words)

	Jim Wardrip... the 5.56x45mm Cartridge-Ballistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ballistics is a science dealing with the motion and flight characteristics of projectiles.
		The study of ballistics in rifles is divided into three categories: internal, external, and terminal.
		External ballistics deals with the factors affecting the flight path of the bullet between the muzzle of the rifle and the target.
	www.jimwardrip.com /firearms/556_Ballistics.htm (1713 words)

	JBM - Calculations - Trajectory Terms
		The ballistic coefficient is represents the ratio of the drag of the standard (e.g.
		A ballistic coefficient of 0.100 means that your bullet has 10 times the drag of the standard bullet.
		Or Drop correction, causes the elevation to be raised as required to cause the bullet to cross the line of sight at the zero range.
	www.eskimo.com /~jbm/ballistics/traj/traj_exp.html (1189 words)

	The VHA Ballistics Information Page
		Ballistics software [for a complete review of all available software of this type, its features, capabilities and system requirements see issue #16] has opened new vistas to the sport shooter.
		The ballistic and health issues of high temperature can concern a shooter in any part of the country, so even if you live in Vermont and have no intention of hunting or shooting in the Sonoran Desert, the information gathered here should be beneficial.
		From a ballistic point of view, we could simplify the subject by saying that little temperature changes have little effect and big temperature changes have a big effect.
	www.varminthunter.org /ballistics.shtml (3289 words)

	exterior ballistics
		The maximum distance that a gun will shoot in some direction and the barrel elevation angle necessary for the bullet to reach that maximum distance are questions that arise often when an outdoor shooting range is being designed, particularly in an urban or suburban area.
		Note also that the bore elevation angle is with respect to the local level at the firing point, not with respect to the reference slope.
		It turns out that the bore elevation angle for maximum horizontal range is around 30 degrees for all small arms bullets fired on the surface of the earth.
	www.exteriorballistics.com /ebexplained/5th/36.cfm (538 words)

	Ballistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The body of knowledge as to the factors effecting the flight of the bullet from the instant it leaves the muzzle of the gun until it strikes the target is termed External Ballistics, and that's the subject of this discussion.
		The ballistic coefficient is significant because it determines the rate at which the projectile slows down, and in conjunction with the muzzle velocity this decides the maximum range (at any given elevation) and the time of flight to any particular distance.
		The curved path of the projectile which results from the muzzle velocity, the ballistic coefficient and gravity drop is called the trajectory.
	balisticmodel.net (1018 words)

	Dexadine Ballistics Software - ballistic data for shooting and reloading
		Elevating a gun's barrel is just like shooting up hill, and it takes a slope of almost 2 degrees (120 MOA) to cause just a 0.015 inch change in bullet drop at 300 yards, so a change of only 3.75 MOA of elevation could not have any noticeable affect on bullet drop.
		The difference between most external ballistics programs is not the underlying physics or math, which has been researched and well understood for decades, it’s the usability and interface features.
		Ballistic Explorer is a trademark and Photo Investigator is a registered trademark of Dexadine, Inc. All other products mentioned are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies.
	www.dexadine.com /qgeneral.html (1197 words)

	Chapter 19 BALLISTICS AND THE FIRE CONTROL PROBLEM
		Exterior ballistics is a generic term used to describe a number of natural phenomena that tend to cause a weapon in flight to change direction or velocity or both.
		In consideration of the elevation at which maximum range is achieved, there are two offsetting effects: the change in drag with projectile velocity and the atmospheric density.
		A ballistics procedure receives as input the approximations to future target position, and its output is successive approximations to the launch angle and time-of-flight.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/navy/docs/fun/part19.htm (3342 words)

	Seiler Instrument Manufacturing Division: Quadrant, Fire Control: Elevation, M13
		It is used with the ballistic drive to set the desired elevation on the gun.
		Turning the elevation knob in setting an elevation or depression angle, will rotate the housing on which the scale index and level vial are mounted, and will displace the bubble from center.
		When the weapon is elevated or depressed sufficiently to return the bubble to center, it is aimed to the elevation or depression set on the scale, movement of the weapon being transmitted through linkage to the ballistics drive or the gun recoil guard on which the quadrant is mounted.
	www.seilerinst.com /mltry/m13quad.asp (269 words)

	The Basics of Gunnery
		The vertical aim is an angle relative to the horizontal plane, an 'elevation angle'.
		This was done by combining the corrections data tabulated in the Range Tables Part 1 for the type of gun being used with the data for the current conditions in the field.
		For a particular elevation angle a higher muzzle velocity (MV) makes the shell go further, and lower one means it goes less far, therefore when the MV varies from the Range Table standard the elevation has to be modified.
	members.tripod.com /~nigelef/basicgnryV2.htm (2620 words)

	exterior ballistics
		Infinity Suite includes the Infinity exterior ballistics program, additional Reloading Data programs to calculate all the cartridge and reloading data included in the 5th Edition printed manuals, and the Reference materials from the 5th Edition printed manuals.
		These firing conditions include muzzle velocity of the bullet, elevation (or depression) angle of the gun barrel, altitude of the firing point, wind conditions at that location, and weather (meteorological) conditions at the firing time.
		This feature also calculates the elevation angle of the gun muzzle (referenced to level) for the bullet to reach the maximum range along the chosen slope.
	www.exteriorballistics.com /I5suite/index.cfm (850 words)

	FM 23-9 Appendix F
		The elevation and windage rule states that one click of elevation or windage moves the strike of the bullet a specific distance at a specific range.
		To compute the distance (D) that one click of elevation (front sight) or windage moves the strike of a bullet at a given range (R), divide the range (expressed in meters) by 25, and multiply by either.33 cm for windage or.83 cm for elevation.
		If the scale on the elevation knob were cut in half and flattened out it would look like Figure F-13, with each dot and each number representing one click of elevation.
	www.usarc.army.mil /417TransDet/appf.htm (3931 words)

	exterior ballistics
		The data shown for the 117 grain.257 spitzer flat base are typical of another class of hunting cartridges shooting bullets with medium ballistic coefficients at somewhat higher velocities.
		Furthermore, if the rifle is fired uphill at some elevation angle, and then fired downhill at the same elevation angle, the two bullets will shoot high by almost exactly the same amount.
		At this elevation angle the increase in bullet path height is 0.134 times the drop at each value of range.
	www.exteriorballistics.com /ebexplained/4th/52.cfm (1528 words)

	Snipers Paradise
		The elevation on the Leupold and Stevens Mark IV M-1 scope was up 30 minutes of angle from the bottom of travel.
		It was determined that we were at such an extreme elevation setting on the LandS scope that the erector cell inside of the scope tube was actually touching the inside surface of the tube.
		By having the maximum elevation setting that you may shoot near the center of travel of the elevation, you are shooting through the center of the lenses.
	www.snipersparadise.com /ELR/408testing.htm (3246 words)

	The Desktop Program
		The distance should be close to the amount of elevation dialed on the scope.
		Of course, the program outputs elevation correction in terms of MOA or Mils, but in addition it will give the correction in terms of the turret scale as well.
		There is no need to convert the elevation correction from MOA to scope clicks then to the setting or to limit the use of the BDC to a specific bullet or cartridge.
	www.precisionworkbench.com /1.htm (1391 words)

	How to use Accu-Trac system
		Accu-Trac elevation dials are different MOA value (Adjustment increment values) than the windage dials and the elevation dials on None Accu-Trac scopes.
		Elevation knob value per graduation for Accu-Trac scopes is 0.4" per click.
		Once the scope has been zeroed, place the correct dial on the elevation turret and turn clockwise until it stops.
	www.abousainc.com /ATsystem.htm (453 words)

	Mark 51 FCS
		When firing the 40 mm gun you had tracers to watch in the Mark 51 sight, so this showed the operator where his rounds were going with relation to the intended target, this allowed you to lead or lag the target with the sight in order to hit the target.
		Whatever ballistics the Mark 51 was built for is what you had to operate with.
		This electrical lag info was received by the computers of the respective FC computers, and combined with the synchro information of the FC director position in elevation, and bearing, to determine the rate at which the target was changing bearing and elevation position.
	www.navweaps.com /index_tech/tech-049.htm (1304 words)

	Footnotes for Best Battleship Page: Guns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In a long-range duel, elevation of the gun to a firing angle of 30-40 degrees would account for several seconds more.
		Maximum elevation is 50 degrees, and loading is performed at 3 degrees.
		Her barrels elevated at 8 degrees per second, meaning that 11.75 seconds would be spent in transit, leaving a total of 28.25 seconds (40-11.75) for loading.
	www.combinedfleet.com /f_guns.htm (2223 words)

	Projectile Motion with Resistance and the Lambert W Function -- from Mathematica Information Center
		Besides the obvious application to ballistics, there is a much more noteworthy connection (for our more pacific purposes) to developments and colorful personalities in mathematics and physics.
		Many of these ideas are presented in a compelling paper by Groetsch [4], who traces a rich history from Tartaglia to Galileo and then employs a tour de force of undergraduate analysis to answer and expand some classical questions to the case of projectile motion in a resistive medium.
		We also give a partial solution to the inverse problem of finding the elevation angles that give rise to given range values by obtaining a closed form for the angle generating the maximum range in terms of the initial velocity and the resistance constant.
	library.wolfram.com /infocenter/Articles/6226 (373 words)

	Schmidt & Bender Police Marksman II 4-16x50 Tactical Scope
		The exact amount of elevation is always right there in front of your nose--you don't have to ask "let's see am I up one turn plus 8, or was it two turns plus 8".
		The single-turn elevation knob is a practical and useful tool for the user under stressful conditions.
		The windows allow the shooter to quickly determine which elevation level he is using, and the markings are bright enough to be used under low light conditions.
	www.6mmbr.com /SchmidtBenderPM2.html (3067 words)

	Topic of the Month
		Also, there is enough difference in distance, between succeeding shots fired with identical elevation and azimuth, that it is difficult to position an observer within sight of all falling bullets.
		This question was presented in the British Textbook of Small Arms, 1929, in which a chart of the trajectories is presented for the boat-tail Swiss bullet of approximately.30 caliber, weighing 174 grs., and with a ballistic coefficient of.284 and a muzzle velocity of 2600 fps.
		Round balls have a much smaller ballistic coefficient than pointed bullets and therefore the range of shot fired from shotguns is much smaller than the rifle bullets.
	www.loadammo.com /Topics/May01.htm (849 words)

	WinBallistics
		Using the default values for temperature, barometric pressure, and elevation with a shooting angle of 0° will give the values reported in most ballistics tables.
		Ballistics coefficients can be calculated from distance/velocity data supplied by some commercial ammunition vendors.
		When a record in one of these tables is selected, the information needed for calculating bullet path or ballistics coefficient is entered in the appropriate place.
	users.1st.net /byeater/BallHelp.html (809 words)

	Country Pond Fish and Game Club -NH-Technical Shooting Range Information
		Calculates the ballistic coefficient for near and far velocities, atmospheric conditions and drag function.
		Elevation and azimuth are iteratively corrected to ensure a correct zero.
		Ballistics for Shotshell Ammunition, Centerfire Caliber, Pistol/Revolver Caliber, Rimfire Caliber, Remington Ammunition, Winchester Ammunition, and Federal Ammunition.
	www.countrypondfishandgameclub.com /techinfo.htm (984 words)

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