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Topic: Hrawi, Elias

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	Encyclopedia: Norbert Elias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Elias traced how post-medieval European standards applied to violence, sexual behaviour, bodily functions, table manners and forms of speech were transformed by increasing threshholds of shame and repugnance, working outward from a nucleus in court etiquette.
		When Elias' work found a larger audience in the 1960s, at first his analysis of the process was misunderstood as an extension of discredited "social Darwinism," the idea of upward "progress" and was dismissed by reading it as consecutive history rather than a metaphysic for a social process.
		Elias was born on June 22, 1897 in Breslau in Silesia to Hermann and Sophie Elias.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Norbert-Elias (1429 words)

	Elias Hrawi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Elias Hrawi (born September 4, 1925) is a former President of Lebanon, whose term of office ran from 1989 to 1998.
		A native of the Beqaa valley, Hrawi was the first President to come from outside of the Maronite heartland of Mount Lebanon.
		Hrawi was born in Hawch Al-Umara, near Zahle, to a landowning Maronite family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elias_Hrawi (484 words)

	Elias Hrawi -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Elias Hrawi (born 1926) is a former (The chief executive of a republic) President of (An Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean) Lebanon, whose term of office ran from 1989 to 1998.
		Hrawi was born in Hawch Al-Umara, near (additional info and facts about Zahle) Zahle, to a landowning (additional info and facts about Maronite) Maronite family.
		As President, Hrawi signed into law amendments to the (The act of forming something) Constitution that formalized the (additional info and facts about Taif Agreement) Taif Agreement reforms, giving a greater measure of power and influence to Lebanon's (A believer or follower of Islam) Muslim community than before.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/el/elias_hrawi.htm (610 words)

	Elias Hrawi
		As Hrawi's Zahle region was under Syrian control through most of the civil war, he developed good relations with Damascus.
		Hrawi was the man in the driver seat when Lebanon got its peace, from which he got many supporters.
		1990 August: Hrawi is central in securing support for the forthcoming negotiations for National Reconciliation Charter to be held in At Ta'if, as well as fighting Aoun.
	i-cias.com /e.o/hrawi_e.htm (269 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Lahoud gets green light (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hrawi is expected to suggest amending the article when cabinet meets on Thursday.
		Hrawi's six-year term, which ended in 1995, was extended for another three years in light of "dangerous regional circumstances." Observers say regional challenges have not changed, thus opening the way for a possible extension of Hrawi's mandate.
		But if Hrawi is to stand another chance, the third clause of article 49, which bans the re-election of a serving president unless he has been out of office for at least six years, will have to be amended.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1998/398/re5.htm (628 words)

	Online Knowledge Explorer®/GME® Article Update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hrawi received a B.A. in business and management from Hikmeh Institute, Beirut, and served as head of the Lebanese delegation to the Food and Agricultural Organization in Rome from 1974 to 1989.
		As president, Hrawi formed a government of national unity to oversee the implementation of a 1989 peace accord under which the Maronite Christian president shares power with the Sunnite Muslim prime minister and the Shiite Muslim speaker of the legislature.
		In 1998, Hrawi declared that an Israeli offer to withdraw its forces from its security zone in southern Lebanon must be linked to an Israeli-Syrian agreement on the Golan Heights.
	tc.grolier.com /oke/ona/ona_2001.asp?GMEYEAR=1999&FFC=F&OEMTag=VQ&DOCID=0142588-0 (239 words)

	Dossier: Michel Murr (June 2003)
		As Gabriel was honing his stature as an opposition leader, Elias was bearing the brunt of rising Christian dissatisfaction with the government, and with the Interior Ministry in particular.
		Although Michel and Elias were content to let Moukheiber's nephew, Ghassan, run unopposed in the subsequent by-election, Gabriel declared his candidacy and began actively campaigning for the seat.
		Elias issued a brazen reminder to the public that the use of curtains in the voting booths was "optional." He and his father were so confident of Myrna's victory that she had hardly campaigned at all.
	www.meib.org /articles/0306_ld.htm (2012 words)

	The Principle Characters
		Under President Elias Sarkis, a Council of National Salvation was formed in June 1982 which grouped the major militia and political leaders in an effort to draw up measures to end the seven years of war which had shaken Lebanon.
		Hobeika, Elias Joseph (Elie Hobeika) Born in Kleiat in the Kessruan in 1956.
		Proposed by Syria and by President Hrawi, whose mandate expired on November 23th 1998, Lahoud was elected on October 15th 1998 President of the Lebanese Republic by the Parliament.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Parliament/2587/bio.html (9818 words)

	Lebanon (country) - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Lebanon (country) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Another Maronite, Elias Hrawi, was named as his successor.
		Aoun continued to defy the elected president for a further year, but eventually surrendered and took refuge in the French embassy; he was later pardoned.
		By November 1990 the Hrawi administration had regained control of Beirut and proposals for a new constitution for a Second Republic were being discussed.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Lebanon+(country) (1914 words)

	Lebanon Country Guide - History and Government - World Travel Guide Provided By Columbus Travel Publishing
		A new President, Elias Hrawi (who succeeded his assassinated predecessor René Daowad) became one of a troika — Prime Minister Salim al-Hoss and the speaker of the parliament, Hussein Husseini, were the others — which led the official administration in the Muslim areas of Lebanon.
		By the end of 1991, the Syrians, with tacit Western acceptance following their participation in the UN anti-Iraqi coalition, were in control of Beirut and most of the north and centre of the country.
		President Elias Hrawi’s six-year term was due to expire in November 1995 but, after parliament decided to alter the constitution, his term was extended by a further three years.
	www.worldtravelguide.net /data/lbn/lbn580.asp (1138 words)

	:: MEDEA ::
		Elias Hrawi was the first Lebanese President native from an outlying zone in the country and not from the Maronite mountain.
		He signed on May 22, 1991 an agreement of "fraternity, co-ordination and co-operation" with Syria which guarantees that the Lebanese territory will not be used against the interest of Syria.
		Hrawi's presidential mandate expired on November 23th 1998.
	www.medea.be /?page=2&lang=en&doc=74 (160 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Elias Norbert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		MSN Encarta - Search Results - Elias Norbert
		Elias, Norbert (1897-1990), German sociologist who interpreted the growth of civilization in western Europe in evolutionary terms.
		According to the figurational analysis of the German sociologist Norbert Elias, human control and management of the environment—control of habitat and...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Elias_Norbert.html (97 words)

	Hoss
		Parliament Speaker Hussaini says he is part of the opposition, when in fact his opposition is only in name and could be classified as a kind of protest that is motivated by personal gains and interests.
		By publicly calling on the Syrians to meddle in a purely internal Lebanese affair, he is actually repeating former President Elias Hrawi's bizarre statement that the Lebanese people have not yet reached the age of maturity, and accordingly need the Syrians to be their custodian.
		Hrawi's irresponsible statements have inflicted years of oppression on the Lebanese people, and the humiliation and burden of foreign debts currently approximating the sum of 45 billion dollars.
	www.clhrf.com /elias.english/hoss.hussaini.e.c.15.1.05.htm (1731 words)

	Assassination of the Assassin: Elias Hobeika
		Born in the Maronite stronghold of Kiserwan in 1956, Elias Hobeika began his political career at the height of the PLO’s supremacy in Lebanon, where Yasser Arafat’s forces had come for sanctuary after their expulsion from Jordan in 1970.
		Hobeika’s efforts were in vain, however, and on Oct. 30, 1990 Damascus ordered a massive operation ousting General Aoun from Baabda and replacing him as president with the civilian politician Elias Hrawi.
		Two days later, on Jan. 25, Elias Hobeika was killed in a massive blast as he drove from his home in East Beirut.
	www.bintjbeil.com /articles/en/020401_moubayed.html (2321 words)

	Dar Al Hayat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		At the end of 1994 and the beginning of 1995, with President Elias Hrawi's tenure nearing its end, political bickering and deterioration had reached a maximum level in the country.
		He wanted Hrawi to remain, and the regional negotiations served the purpose of extension, as a transitional period.
		Other than President Hrawi and General Lahoud, the most prominent candidate was Jean Obeid, as the one with the best chance of success.
	english.daralhayat.com /Spec/07-2005/Article-20050708-f64b7252-c0a8-10ed-00f8-02974966e421/story.html (10281 words)

	Special Report
		Hrawi’s successor, Gen. Emile Lahoud, failed by all measures to match Hrawi’s achievement.
		Unlike Hrawi, whose political career dated back to the 1960s, Lahoud was a newcomer to the scene, and could play only by Syria’s rules—thereby losing any form of legitimacy within radical Christian circles.
		A possible statesman whose alliance is also currently being sought is Metn MP Nasib Lahoud, the most reasonable and influential Maronite leader of his generation, who has enough legitimacy to stand up for his sect, and enough moderation to conduct dialogue with Syria.
	www.wrmea.com /archives/may-june01/0105021.html (2284 words)

	Lebanon (08/05)
		Elias Hrawi, who remained in office until 1998, succeeded him.
		The assassination spurred massive protests in Beirut and international pressure that led to the withdrawal of the remaining Syrian military troops from Lebanon on April 26.
		In addition to domestic parties, there are branches of pan-Arab secular parties (Ba'ath parties, socialist and communist parties) that were active in the 1960s and throughout the period of civil war.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/35833.htm (6209 words)

	Lebanese Politicians: Elias Hrawi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		- President Elias Hrawi was elected in the autumn of 1989, two days after the assasination of President Rene Moawad, while Lebanon was still plunged into a war which has erupted in 1975.
		- President Hrawi pledged to stop the war, reunify the country, carry out constitutional amendments and thus equal participation of all in the government, reinforce governmental institutions and dissolve all militias.
		- President Hrawi was born in 1926, in Hawch Al-Umara (Zahle), in a family of landowners.
	www.ghazi.de /hrawi.html (262 words)

	CBC News Indepth: Lebanon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He is assassinated less than three weeks later and replaced by Elias Hrawi.
		President Hrawi and the parliament agree on constitutional amendments and the formation of a new National Assembly, with high offices and a fixed number of seats reserved for members of certain ethnic groups.
		Prime Minister Hariri and President Hrawi change the constitution to extend their terms three years.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/lebanon (1109 words)

	DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN LEBANON
		The Presidency of Elias Sarkis (1976-1982): The Sarkis presidency was characterized by 'coexistence' between the state of war and attempts at reconstruction.
		The economic logic which determined development policy during this period was neo-liberal, and concentrated on encouraging investment and giving attention to the social problems created by the war, as well as its victims.
		The Presidency of Elias Hrawi (1990-1993): The beginning of the Second Republic was characterized by a development policy based on the concept of balanced development, influenced by the 1943 Pact, and integrated into the text of the Taif Agreement and the new constitution.
	www.lcps-lebanon.org /pub/breview/br6/labakibr6pt1.html (3125 words)

	The Daily Star - Opinion Articles - Mehlis now has his key into the Syrian citadel
		This threatened to implement Resolution 425 and the Syrians, delighted to use the border area as an open-ended battleground against Israel, were disturbed.
		Sharaa was instructed to shoot the Hrawi proposal down, and did.
		So, ever the shifty hypocrite, he should nonetheless recall the essential role he played in enforcing Syrian hegemony over Lebanon, which undermines his portrayal of blameless Syrian soldiers and intelligence agents suffering abuse because they were in the wrong place at the wrong time when Hariri was killed.
	www.dailystar.com.lb /article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=5&article_id=19755 (1091 words)

	Hrawi: local polls are great event
		Lebanese President Elias Hrawi described the decision endorsed by the Lebanese parliament to pass a municipal elections bill and the process of local polls as "a big event and a great achievement"
		He called for taking necessary measures to hold elections "at the earliest opportunities," urging the government to immediately proceed to designate the villages of displaced Lebanese, where elections should be postponed as the reconciliation process is not completed yet.
		Hrawi: local election legislation to be held in due time
	www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Daily/Day/971224/1997122455.html (151 words)

	Game Role Bibliographies: Elias Hrawi ann bib
		Hrawi, it does provide the framework needed to understand society in Lebanon.
		In order to find Hrawi's current position and recent actions I also went
		Hrawi had announced he would not seek another term.
	www.la.utexas.edu /chenry/mena/bibs/aip/bibs99/0018.html (496 words)

	Elias
		1973 Henry J Elias, Flemish historian/mayor of Gent, dies at 70
		1931 Rosalind Elias, born in Lowell Massachusetts, mezzo-soprano, Grimgerde-Die Walkuere
		1820 Elias Annes Borger, theologist/poet (Ode on the Rhine), dies at 36
	www.brainyhistory.com /topics/e/elias.html (404 words)

	Activists denounce Hrawi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A sharp deterioration in press freedoms and repeated infringements on other human rights were the mark of former President Elias Hrawi’s term in office according to a number of human-rights groups in Lebanon.
		Published last week, the foundation’s annual report said that since the Taif accord in 1989, the government had prosecuted newspapers, passed a new media law to restrict radio and TV broadcasting and intimidated journalists and broadcasters into practicing self-censorship.
		The three representatives announced that a conference marking the golden jubilee would be held Dec. 8-10 in which international speakers such as Michael Novak, a researcher at the American Enterprise Institute, Mary Ann Glendon, a professor at Harvard University, and French professor and writer Pierre Bercis will take part.
	www.clhrf.com /document/activists3_.htm (536 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Elias Howe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		MSN Encarta - Search Results - Elias Howe
		Howe, Elias (1819-1867), American inventor, born in Spencer, Massachusetts.
		When he was 17, Howe was apprenticed to a manufacturer of textile...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Elias_Howe.html (112 words)

	Cascon Case LBN: Lebanon Civil War 1975-90 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In September 1989, following one of many Arab League-sponsored cease-fires, 63 of the 73 surviving members of the 1972 Parliament met at Taif, Saudi Arabia, and in October agreed on a plan for a new constitution increasing Muslim representation and accepting a special Syrian relationship.
		On November 4 Christian General Michel Aoun, who had been interim prime minister, declared Parliament dissolved, but Elias Hrawi, also a Christian, was elected president under the Taif constitution.
		In October 1990 Hrawi with Syrian help forced Aoun and his forces to surrender, bringing the civil war to an end.
	web.mit.edu /cascon/cases/case_lbn.html (485 words)

	hrawi elias - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We found one dictionary with English definitions that includes the word hrawi elias:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "hrawi elias" is defined.
		Hrawi, Elias : Encyclopedia of the Orient [home, info]
	public.onelook.com /?w=hrawi+elias (71 words)

	Dar Al Hayat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Lebanese constitution was first amended during the mandate of President Elias Hrawi, to the end of extending his mandate for three years.
		At the time, the late Syrian President Hafez Assad attributed this decision to the Lebanon's fragile situation, which could not stand a presidential battle and the possible resulting conflicts.
		When the Hariri government was going through a bad time under the presidency of Elias Hrawi, Abdulhalim Khaddam rushed to save his friend and stopped him from resigning.
	english.daralhayat.com /opinion/10-2003/Article-20031025-72d11bac-c0a8-01ed-002a-cc14a602ffc7/story.html (750 words)

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