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	JewishEncyclopedia.com - ELIJAH BEN SOLOMON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Elijah was also attracted to the study of the Cabala; but from his controversy with the Ḥasidim it would seem that he was not prepared to follow the mystics to the full extent of their teachings.
		Elijah, in a letter to Eybeschütz, stated that, while in full sympathy with him, he did not believe that words coming from a stranger like himself, who had not even the advantage of old age, would be of any weight with the contending parties.
		Elijah then sent two of his pupils (1796) with letters to all the communities of Poland, declaring that he had not changed his attitude in the matter, and that the assertions of the Ḥasidim were pure inventions.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=284&letter=E (1352 words)

	BookRags: Elijah ben Solomon Biography
		Elijah ben Solomon was born and died in Vilna, Poland (Vilna is now the capital of Lithuania).
		Elijah's interest in classical Talmudic studies did not deter him from study of the Cabala, or Jewish mysticism, and he wrote a commentary on the Zohar, the magnum opus of Cabala, which is generally considered to be the work of Moses de Leon.
		While Elijah strenuously avoided involvement in communal affairs, he did emerge from his isolation by twice issuing bans of excommunication against the Hasidim (Pietists), whose deprecation of scholarly pursuits as deterrents to genuine spiritual immersion was considered by him as a serious danger to the classical Jewish tradition.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/elijah-ben-solomon (547 words)

	Abraham ben Abraham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Elijah Ben Solomon, the Vilna Gaon (1720-1797) was a mentor to Abraham ben Abraham
		After residing a short time in Germany, a country he disliked, he returned to Poland, and for a time lived among the Jews of the town of Ilye (government of Wilna), some of whom seemed to be aware of his identity.
		There is reason to believe that the actual teacher of Potocki, perhaps the one who induced the two young noblemen to embrace Judaism, was their own countryman Menahem Man ben Aryeh Löb of Visun, who was tortured and executed in Wilna at the age of seventy (July 3, 1749).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abraham_ben_Abraham (2160 words)

	Kabbalah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sefer Bahir and another work entitled "Treatise of the Left Emanation", probably composed in Spain by Isaac ben Isaac ha-Cohen, laid the groundwork for the composition of Sefer Zohar, written by Moses de Leon and his mystical circle at the end of the 13th Century, but credited to the Talmudic sage Simeon bar Yohai, cf.
		Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer (1698-1760) in the area of Ukraine spread teachings based on Rabbi Isaac Luria's foundations, simplifying the Kabbalah for the common man. From him sprang the vast ongoing schools of Hasidic Judaism, with each successive rebbe viewed by his "Hasidim" as continuing the role of dispensor of mystical divine blessings and guidance.
		It uses this structure to organize cosmic phenomena ranging from the seasons of the calendar to the emotions of the intellect, and is essentially an index of cosmic correspondences.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kaballah (9761 words)

	Vilna Gaon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His real name was Elijah (Eliyahu) ben Shlomo Zalman "Kremer" (or "Kramer"), but he is commonly referred to in Hebrew as ha'Gaon ha'Chasid mi'Vilna, meaning "the saintly genius from Vilna", or in similar forms (Gaon of Vilna, Gaon mi Vilno, or Vilna Gaon), and as the Gra (a Hebrew acronym of "Gaon Rabbi Eliyahu").
		From the age of ten he continued his studies without the aid of a teacher, and by the age of eleven he had committed the entire Talmud to memory.
		Glosses on the Babylonian Talmud and Shulkhan Arukh are known as Biurei ha-Gra ("Elaboration by the Gra").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vilna_Gaon (1941 words)

	Elijah ben Solomon - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		ELIJAH BEN SOLOMON [Elijah ben Solomon] 1720-97, Jewish scholar, called the Gaon of Vilna, b.
		A leading Jewish scholar of his time, he opposed the spread of Hasidism in Lithuania and Poland because he feared that the creation of these new groups would weaken the Jewish community.
		David ben Aryeh Leib of Lida and his Migdal David: Accusations of Plagiarism in Eighteenth Century Amsterdam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/E/Elijahbe.asp (215 words)

	Glossary of Personalities
		Born into a long line of scholars, Elijah traveled among the Jewish communities of Poland and Germany in 1740-45 and then settled in Vilna which was the cultural center of eastern European Jewry.
		Elijah's scholarship embraced mastery of every field of study in the Jewish literature up to his own time.
		His vast knowledge of the Talmud and Midrash and of biblical exegesis, as well as of mystical literature and lore, was combined with a deep interest in philosophy, grammar, mathematics and astronomy, and folk medicine.
	www.tworoadsonepath.com /html/glossarypersonality.html (638 words)

	NewsScan Publishing Inc. - NewsScan Daily Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Today's Honorary Subscriber is the Jewish scholar and spiritual leader Elijah ben Solomon (1720-1797), whose scholarship embraced mastery of every field of study in the Jewish literature up to his own time.
		Born in Sielec, Lithuania, into a long line of scholars, Elijah traveled among the Jewish communities of Poland and Germany in 1740-45 and then settled in Vilna, which was the cultural center of eastern European Jewry.
		Elijah is sometimes remembered in a less than favorable light for his strenuous opposition to the spread of Hasidism among the Jewish population.
	www.newsscan.com /cgi-bin/findit_view?table=honorary_subscriber&id=367 (333 words)

	The Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Eliyahu ben Solomon Zalman was born in 1720.
		His father Solomon Zalman was a good expert of Talmud, and a descendant of a rabbi of Vilnius Isaac Kremer.
		Worldwide authority of Gaon Elijah ben Solomon is so great, that one could scarcely find a religious and practicing Jew who would not know the “Vilna Gaon”, “Elijah Gaon” or Ha-GRA (an acronym of Ha Gaon Rabbi Elijahu).
	www.jmuseum.lt /index.asp?DL=E&TopicID=1 (616 words)

	Solomon
		Solomon's reign was marked by foreign alliances (notably with Egypt and Phoenicia) and the greatest extension of Israel's territory in biblical times.
		The biblical account of Solomon derives from the “Succession Narrative” in Second Samuel and First and Second Kings; Temple archives; and various folk-tales, but what the Bible says about the glory of his reign is impossible to confirm from the archaeological record.
		Elijah ben Solomon - Elijah ben Solomon, 1720–97, Jewish scholar, called the Gaon of Vilna, b.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0845871.html (236 words)

	Elijah ben Solomon - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Elijah ben Solomon - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Elijah ben Solomon (1720-1797), Lithuanian scholar of the Kabbalah and Talmud, one of the greatest modern Jewish spiritual leaders.
		Immanuel Ben Solomon was born in Rome, a member of one of the most...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Elijah_ben_Solomon.html (97 words)

	Glossary of Bibliography
		BEN ISH HAI (Joseph Hayyim Ben Elijah Al-Hakam; 1833 or 1835- 1909), Baghdad rabbi who was renowned as a great halakhic authority who institued many takkanot.
		Ben Sira was a younger contemporary of the high priest Simeon, who lived at the beginning of the third century B.C.E. The book was translated into Greek by Ben Sira's grandson.
		ELIJAH BEN SOLOMON ZALMAN (the "Vilna Gaon" or "Elijah Gaon"; acronym Ha-GRA =
	yucs.org /~jyuter/notes/glossary.html (6742 words)

	Elijah ben Solomon - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Immanuel Ben Solomon, (1265?-1330?), Jewish poet and Biblical commentator.
		Immanuel Ben Solomon was born in Rome, Italy, a member of one of the most...
		Luria, Isaac ben Solomon (1534-72), called ha-Ari (“the lion,” also a Hebrew acronym for “the godly Rabbi Isaac”), rabbi and mystic, who founded an...
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Elijah+ben+Solomon (110 words)

	Mitnagdim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		The movement's founder was Israel ben Eliezer, known as the Baal Shem Tov, or simply "the Besht"; he taught that man's relationship with God depended on immediate religious experience, and less so on knowledge and observance of the details of the Torah and Talmud.
		Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, the Gaon of Vilna galvinized opposition to Hasidic Judaism.
		In 1772, when the first secret circles of Hasidim appeared in Lithuania, the rabbinic kahal ("council") of Wilna, with the approval of Rabbi ben Solomon, arrested the local leaders of the sect, and excommunicated its adherents.
	mitnagdim.iqnaut.net (1269 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Elijah ben Solomon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Elijah ben Solomon ELIJAH BEN SOLOMON [Elijah ben Solomon] 1720-97, Jewish scholar, called the Gaon of Vilna, b.
		Gaon of Vilna GAON OF VILNA [Gaon of Vilna] see Elijah ben Solomon.
		The term itself was first used by Hellenized Jews to describe their religious practice, but it is of predominantly modern usage; it is not used in the Bible or in Rabbinic literature and only rarely in the
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/04052.html (321 words)

	Ascetism - Elijah Ben Solomon
		He interpreted literally the words of the ancient rabbis, that the Torah can be acquired only by abandoning all pleasures and by cheerfully accepting suffering, and as he lived up to this principle, he was revered by his countrymen as a saint, being called by some of his contemporaries the Hasid.
		Elijah once started on a trip to the Land of Israel, but did not get beyond Germany.
		While at Königsberg he wrote to his family a letter which was published under the title Alim li-Terufah, Minsk, 1836.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Abante5221/elijah-ben-solomon-ascetism.html (88 words)

	Gaon of Vilnius, Vilna Ga'on, Gaon mi Vilno, Vilniaus Genijus, Elijah ben Solomon
		Elijah ben Solomon (1720 - 1797), more commonly known as the Vilan Gaon, was among most prominent leaders of European Jewry in the eigteenth century.
		As a talmudic prodiy, Elijah was given the appellation "gaon" meaning genius.
		Yet, he was more than a brilliant talmud scholar, and he was known for his great kindness.
	www.vdu.lt /~ktv/vilnagaon (236 words)

	Hasidism and Mitnagdim
		Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman the Gaon of Vilna
		The combat began in Vilna, Lithuania and was headed by Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman.
		The Habad movement was founded by Rebbe Shneour Zalman ben Baruch of Liadi, who sought to tone down the importance of the Zaddik as the mediator between God and the human community.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~elsegal/RelS369/T11_Hasidism.html (677 words)

	Glosses
		Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon, the "Ga'on" of Vilna
		Rabbi Elijah was an intellectual giant who devoted his entire life to study.
		Rabbi Elijah (commonly known by his acronym "GeR"A" =Ga'on Rabbi Eliyahu]), contributed to many areas of Rabbinic learning, encompassing the full range of Rabbinic texts, including several works that were rarely studied in the academies of his day.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~elsegal/TalmudMap/Glosses.html (493 words)

	AllRefer.com - Elijah ben Solomon (Judaism, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Judaism, Biographies > Elijah ben Solomon
		Elijah ben Solomon 1720–97, Jewish scholar, called the Gaon of Vilna, b.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Elijah ben Solomon
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/Elijahbe.html (196 words)

	Isaac Ben Solomon Luria
		His father died when he was young, and Luria was brought up by his mother in the house of her brother, Mordecai Frances, a wealthy tax-farmer.
		Luria believed that deceased teachers of the past spoke to him and that he had frequent interviews with Elijah the prophet.
		In one of these "interviews," Luria believed that Elijah instructed him to move to the land of Israel, so, in 1569, he moved to Safed where he studied Kabbalah with Cordovero until Cordovero's death in 1570.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Luria.html (578 words)

	Welcome to the Vilna Site
		From scattered indications extant in various Hebrew writings the conclusion may be drawn that Bershadski's opinion, to the effect that a large Jewish community represented by a rabbi is traceable only to the second half of the sixteenth century, is nearer the truth than the others.
		In the responsa of R. Solomon Luria of Lublin (second half of 16th cent.) there is found the following:"We, the undersigned, hereby certify and witness with our signatures that whereas we have been chosen as judges to decide the controversy which has taken place at Wilna between R. Isaac b.
		ELIJAH WILNA, or ELIJAH BEN SOLOMON, best known as the GAON ELIJAH or WILNA (1720-1797), a noted Talmudist who hovered between the new and the old schools of thought.
	www.eilatgordinlevitan.com /vilna/vilna.html (11944 words)

	1609 C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Amsterdam Jewish scholar, Manasseh ben Israel, writes book to English Parliament to readmit Jews to England, makes reference to 10 lost tribes being discovered in Ecuador and that Messiah would come when Jews were completely dispersed around the world, including England, book influences English theologians, after 1656 Jewish settlement in England never questioned.
		Rabbi Israel Ben Eliezer (Baal Shem Tov) realizes most Jews did not have the opportunity to become scholars, he seeks to stir greater Jewish devotion in the average Jew, father of the hasidic movement in Judaism.
		1807 C.E. Disciples of Vilna Gaon, Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, settle in
	www.ben-keshet.com /prophecy/islamic_period_2.htm (1806 words)

	A Life Apart: Hasidism In America -- Hasidism in Europe
		The center of opposition to Hasidism in the late eighteenth century was Vilna, Lithuania, the leading city of traditional Torah study.
		A campaign against the Hasidim was led by Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon, known as the Gaon (Hebrew for "great scholar") of Vilna.
		Other Jews were commanded not to marry, to help bury, or even to share food or drink with the "heretical sect." Rabbi Elijah did not lack conviction: "Had I the power, I would punish these infidels as the worshippers of Baal were punished of old." (The Biblical Elijah "slaughtered" the prophets of Baal.)
	www.pbs.org /alifeapart/intro_7.html (989 words)

	Heritage
		As Hasidism took shape and gained in popularity, it met with opposition from the rabbinical establishment, who accused the Hasidim of practicing Judaism in a heretical manner.
		Here, a Hasidic leader responds to the charges of Rabbi Menaøem Mendel of Shklov, a prominent disciple of Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman of Vilna, an implacable opponent of Hasidism.
		This excerpt addresses the widespread impression of Hasidism as paganistic and defends the lively physicality of Hasidic worship.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/heritage/episode5/documents/documents_12.html (251 words)

	biblio_yetzirah.html
		Solomon Israeli and it was written apparently by Dunash ibn Tamim of Kairouan."]
		Regarding this work, the editors of EJ [10:342] have said the following under the entry for Judah ben Barzillai: "One important aspect of Judah's commentary on Sefer Yezirah is that in it he quotes extensively from the Ishrun Maqalat ("Twenty Tractates") of Al-Mukammis.
		Ben Zion Bokser, From the World of the Cabbalah: The Philosophy of Rabbi Judah Loew of Prague, New York, Philosophical Library, 1954.
	www.wbenjamin.org /biblio_yetzirah.html (5386 words)

	REVISED SYLLABUS FOR WEEK 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		This week we will be studying the different forms of Hasidism that developed in Eastern Europe.
		We will also discuss the first part of Solomon Maimon's autobiography.
		This gives you a background in the history of Poland and Lithuania (Eastern Europe) and the important Jewish leader named Elijah ben Solomon Zalman – otherwise known as the Vilna Gaon [pronounced gah-ohne], and the religious movement called Hasidism.
	www.csun.edu /~vcoao00r/376W6.htm (254 words)

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