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	Elisha - LoveToKnow 1911
		ELISHA (a Hebrew name meaning "God is deliverance"), in the Bible, the disciple and successor of Elijah, was the son of Shaphat of Abel-meholah in the valley of the Jordan.
		Elijah is the prophet of the wilderness, wandering, rugged and austere; Elisha is the prophet of civilized life, of the city and the court, with the dress, manners and appearance of ordinary "grave citizens." Elijah is the messenger of vengeance - sudden, fierce and overwhelming; Elisha is the messenger of mercy and restoration.
		Elisha is canonized in the Orthodox Eastern Church, his festival being on the 14th of June, under which date his life is entered' in the A cta sanctorum.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Elisha (1820 words)

	Elisha ben Abuyah Summary
		Elsewhere, the Talmud explains that while Elishaʿ was in his mother's womb, she passed by a pagan temple and the odor of the incense being burned for the idol within affected the embryo in her womb.
		Elisha was a student of Greek; as the Talmud expresses it, "Aher's tongue was never tired of singing Greek songs" (Jerusalem Megillah 1:9).
		Elisha saw how a child had lost his life while simultaneously fulfilling two laws for the observance of which the Torah promised a "long life" (Deuteronomy 22:7), whereas another man who broke the same law was not hurt in the least.
	www.bookrags.com /Elisha_ben_Abuyah (2899 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - ELISHA BEN ABUYAH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Of Elisha's youth and of his activity as a teacher of the Law very little is known.
		It means that Elisha, like Paul, in a moment of ecstasy beheld the interior of heaven—in the former's case, however, with the effect that he destroyed the plants of the heavenly garden.
		Quite in harmony with this supposition are the other sins laid to his charge; namely, that he rode in an ostentatious manner through the streets of Jerusalem on a Day of Atonement which fell upon a Sabbath, and that he was bold enough to overstep the "teḥum" (the limits of the Sabbath-day journey).
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=296&letter=E (1274 words)

	JRF Omer Study of Pirke Avot - Chapter 4 Text with Footnotes
		Ben Zoma was famous for his wisdom, it being said of him, "Whoever sees ben Zoma in his dream is assured of scholarship" (Berachot, 57b).
		Ben Azzai (6) said, "Hasten to do even a slight precept (7), and flee from transgression; for one virtue leads to another, and transgression draws transgression in its train; for the recompense of a virtue is a virtue, and the recompense of a transgression is a transgression" (8).
		Elisha ben Abuyah, otherwise known as Acher, lived at the end of the first and the beginning of the second century.
	www.jrf.org /pirke-avot/chap4-footnotes.htm (2368 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Elisha ben Abuyah
		Elisha was a student of Greek; as the Talmud expresses it, "Aḥer's tongue was never tired of singing Greek songs" (Jerusalem Megillah 1:9).
		Bacher remarks that the similes which Elisha is reported to have used (Avoth d'Rabbi Nathan 24.) show that he was a man of the world, acquainted with wine, horses, and architecture.
		According to R. Tsadok HaKohen of Lublin, ben Abuya became a heretic because after having had a direct encounter with God, he believed he no longer needed to obey the law (this story may thus be a rebuke to Christian claims that grace relieves one of the obligation to obey the law).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Elisha_ben_Abuyah (2168 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Elisha
		Elisha is portrayed as a miracle-worker, healer and fulfiller of God's commissions to his master...
		Elisha Cuthbert: she's been kidnapped, shot at, and used as live bait, but it's just another long day at the office for TV's toughest daughter.
		Real people: My Christmas angel!; Elisha Edwards was born with a condition that baffled doctors and trapped her in babyhood.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Elisha (967 words)

	Elisha ben Abuyah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Little is known of Elisha's youth and of his activity as a teacher of Jewish Law.
		Elisha was a student of Greek; as the Talmud expresses it, "Aḥer's tongue was never tired of singing Greek songs" (Jerusalem Megillah 1:9).
		Conservative Rabbi Milton Steinberg fictionalized the life of Elisha ben Abuyah in his controversial 1939 novel, As A Driven Leaf.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elisha_Ben_Abuyah (2162 words)

	Elishaʿ Ben Avuyah \| Encyclopedia of Religion
		Many have attempted to explain the apostasy of Elishaʿ in terms of the philosophical schools of his time—Gnosticism, Epicureanism, and the like—while some have seen the story of his life as presenting an opposition between Jewish and non-Jewish thought.
		He is charged with killing rabbis, discouraging their disciples from continuing their studies, exacting forced labor from the Jews on the Sabbath during the persecutions of Hadrian, riding a horse on the Sabbath, and interrupting a Torah lesson on another Sabbath.
		Elishaʿ claims to have heard a voice from heaven that proclaimed that all would be forgiven except for Elishaʿ.
	www.bookrags.com /research/elisha-ben-avuyah-eorl-04 (875 words)

	A Response to As A Driven Leaf
		Elisha's quest for understanding becomes a need for certainty as his displaced grief causes him to be blind to the wisdom of his past and to the limitations of the Greeks and Romans.
		Elisha's friend and fellow rabbi Akiba also studies the Greeks and Romans, but instead of becoming intoxicated by idealism, as did Elisha, he is able to give both reason and faith expression in his life.
		Joshua, Elisha's mentor, is moved by the injunction within the Old Testament that the Jews are to be the light of the nations.
	www.watershedonline.ca /community/bookcafe/bcasadrivenleaf.shtml (1277 words)

	Jewish-Christian Relations :: Aher [Elisha ben Abuyah] and Jesus
		Elisha ben Abuyah, on the other hand, at some point ceased considering himself a son of Israel, became a lost sheep himself, and was treated with derision and scorn but was not totally rejected.
		Elisha penetrated the innermost secret recesses of religion and "cut the shoots," that is, perverted the teachings and traditions.
		Among other teachings, Elisha is named as the authority who determined the time of mourning in two different instances: the case where a father dies and the son is not informed for three years, and the case where a son dies in the diaspora (Mo'ed Katan 20a).
	www.jcrelations.net /en/?item=778 (4509 words)

	Amazon.ca: As a Driven Leaf: Books: Chaim Potok,Milton Steinberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Guidall gives a spirited, almost theatrical, reading of this minor classic of American Jewish literature, a historical novel about ancient sage-turned-apostate Elisha ben Abuyah in the late first century C.E. At the heart of the tale are questions about faith and the loss of faith and the repression and rebellion of the Jews of Palestine.
		Ultimately, Elisha is forced by the power of Rome to choose between loyalty to his people, who are rebelling against the emperor's domination, and loyalty to his own quest for truth.
		Elisha Ben Abuya was born and educated in an isolated Jewish community.
	www.amazon.ca /As-Driven-Leaf-Chaim-Potok/dp/0874411033 (1539 words)

	Adat Shalom Sermons: Kol Nidre, 5763
		Elisha was a great Torah scholar, renowned teacher, and sensitive soul — yet known by his contemporaries as a heretic.
		Elisha ben Abuya knew from being excluded: he goes down in history as "Acher," "the Other." Questioning Torah and God, he becomes an apikorus — a knowledgeable disbeliever (the most threatening kind!).
		Ben Abuya is stripped of his name, of a piece of his humanity.
	www.adatshalom.net /sermons/5763_yk.html (2976 words)

	Good vs. Bad Inclinations: The Battle That Rages Within Us \| The Jewish Exponent
		Elisha ben Abuyah was one of the leading scholars of the rabbinic world 2,000 years ago; he served on the Sanhedrin.
		A few days later, Elisha ben Abuyah watched a young boy, at the request of his father, climb a tree to gather some eggs in a nest on one of the branches.
		Elisha ben Abuyah's loss of faith and his moving away from Judaism must have struck a solid chord in all the rabbis who fell on the other side of the issues that drove Elisha ben Abuyah away.
	www.jewishexponent.com /article/10514 (970 words)

	ttgapers store - USA - As a Driven Leaf - Milton Steinberg - Product Details :: ttgapers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Elisha Ben Abuya (Acher) the one who entered the Pardess of Jewish Mystical learning and came out a heretic, seemed at first a heroic and tragic figure of great intellectual courage.
		I emphathized with the main character, Elisa Ben Abuyah, because he (like myself) was raised to be a Jew and ended up going on a search for truth that he could not find in religion.
		The characters, beyond Elisha, are not developed terribly well and the dialogue is often perfucntory and merely serving to announce a character's feelings or advance the plot, but this is still a commendable book.
	www.ttgapers.com /module-ttStore-product-asin-0874411033-locale-us.html (1127 words)

	As a Driven Leaf by Behrman House Publishing
		Elisha Ben Abuya (Acher) the one who entered the Pardess of Jewish Mystical learning and came out a heretic, seemed at first a heroic and tragic figure of great intellectual courage.
		I emphathized with the main character, Elisa Ben Abuyah, because he (like myself) was raised to be a Jew and ended up going on a search for truth that he could not find in religion.
		The characters, beyond Elisha, are not developed terribly well and the dialogue is often perfucntory and merely serving to announce a character's feelings or advance the plot, but this is still a commendable book.
	www.php-web-hosting.us /stuff-0874411033.html (1050 words)

	Crisis of faith
		When Elisha's father later falls ill, he summons the young boy to his deathbed, with the caveat that he hopes Elisha will not be torn in two, as he was between the study of Greek reason and his Jewish faith.
		Elisha is sent to study with Rabbi Joshua, a popular and respected member of the Sanhedrin, the Jewish court of law and eventually becomes an ordained rabbi, outwardly learned but inwardly skeptical.
		Once Elisha openly disavows belief in God, he becomes a heretic and is excommunicated by the Sanhedrin.
	www.jewishaz.com /jewishnews/000825/story.shtml (822 words)

	NJJN - Why bad things happen to good people
		Seeing this, Elisha reportedly said “Truly there is no judgment and no judge.” Elisha’s faith had been shaken by seeing the death of a boy in the act of carrying out the two commandments for which long life is promised.
		Elisha might have saved his faith by redefining what he saw in such a way as to make it fit with what he had been taught.
		Other Jews of Elisha’s time no doubt had plenty of opportunities to have their faith tested, if not in accordance with the law of the nest, in accordance with some other precept or teaching.
	www.njjewishnews.com /njjn.com/2004/82604/torahkitetze.html (845 words)

	URJ - Print Item
		The protagonist, Elisha ben Abuyah, a talmudic rabbi in the first half of the second century, was excommunicated for heresy.
		Seeking a faith born of reason, Elisha was ultimately left without faith or community, sadly disillusioned by the mystery religions and the barbaric side of Roman/Greek culture, and broken by the realization that Greek philosophy, itself, was based on postulates and axioms--that is, on faith.
		Elisha observes that circumstances are leading to the end of the Jewish people.
	urj.org /PrintItem/index.cfm?id=1442&type=Articles (571 words)

	Literature: Response to As A Driven Leaf
		By the age of ten he is an orphan in a land hemmed round with political and cultural upheaval.
		Although Elisha is already ten when he starts studying the Torah, he learns quickly and is nurtured by the kind and wise spirit of his teacher, Joshua.
		Elisha tries in vain to bolster his crumbling faith with reasoned assumptions, using Greek rhetoric as part of his arsenal.
	www.watershedonline.ca /literature/DrivenLeaf/AsADrivenLeaf.html (485 words)

	Amazon.de: As a Driven Leaf: English Books: Chaim Potok,Milton Steinberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A Catholic considering conversion to Judaism, I identified with Elisha's struggle and came away from the novel with a great sense of hope, and a realization that truth not only requires a leap of faith, but that it is not absolute.
		Well, Elisha ben Abuyah, the central character of this tale, is the one who became a heretic.
		His is the tale of the child of a Hellenized father, wrested at his father's death from the larger, intellectual Greek world and shoe-horned into a realm of orthodoxy in keeping with the narrow prejudices of his deceased mother's brother.
	www.amazon.de /As-Driven-Leaf-Chaim-Potok/dp/0874411033 (1458 words)

	Amazon.fr : As a Driven Leaf: Livres en anglais: Chaim Potok,Milton Steinberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Guidall gives a spirited, almost theatrical, reading of this minor classic of American Jewish literature, a historical novel about ancient sage-turned-apostate Elisha ben Abuyah in the late first century C.E. At the heart of the tale are questions about faith and the loss of faith and the repression and rebellion of the Jews of Palestine.
		As a Driven Leaf at first seems to be a fairly dreary philosophic novel, outlining first-century rabbi Elisha Ben Abuyah's education, views, and eventual crisis of faith.
		The inner conflicts of Elisha Ben Abuyah, who struggles with his own beliefs about God and Truth, are projected against the political clash of the Jewish nation against Roman domination.
	www.amazon.fr /As-Driven-Leaf-Chaim-Potok/dp/product-description/0874411033/t (920 words)

	Four Sages
		The Four sages were: Ben Azzai, Ben Zoma, Elisha Ben Abuyah, and Akiba ben Joseph.
		One tradition elaborates on the story thusly: Ben Azzai was so captivated by what he saw he could not give it up and refused to return to his body.
		Ben Zoma became so immersed in the mysteries he had seen that he ceased to be able to function in life.
	www.pantheon.org /articles/f/four_sages.html (197 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In later ages Elisha (alias 'the other,' as he was named) was regarded as the type of a heretic whose pride of intellect betrayed him into infidelity to law and morals
		Elisha was a student of Greek; as the Talmud expresses it, "Aher's tongue was never tired of singing Greek songs" (Yer.
		He must have acquired a reputation as an authority in questions of religious practise, since in Mo'ed 20a one of his halakic decisions is recorded—the only one in his name, though there may be others under the names of different teachers.
	www.revelation2seven.org /WebPages/SideLinks/ElishaBenAbuyah.htm (1437 words)

	Elisha ben Abuyah, section 2
		Rabbi Meir was studying in the schoolhouse at Tiberias when his teacher Elisha passed by, riding a horse on the Sabbath.
		"My father, Abuyah, was one of the notables of Jerusalem. When I was circumcised [at the age of eight days], he invited all the notables to the celebration. They sat in one room, Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Joshua in another.
		-- The Palestinian storytellers, who do not seem to have shared the belief that Elisha experienced a mystical ascension to heaven, locate the incident outside God's earthly dwelling. The reference is anachronistic: Elisha could hardly have been born before the Temple was destroyed.
	www.pathsinjudaism.com /judaism/handouts/elisha2.htm (774 words)

	The Bulletin Archive 17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		By focussing on the actual Talmudic figure, Elisha ben Abuyah, and his renowned compatriots in the Rabbinical Sanhedrin, Steinberg recreates a world of Rabbinic archetypes that is colorful and provocative.
		Elisha ben Abuyah's (who is called "the Other") exposure to the world of Hellenism and its seductive offerings of physical pleasures and intellectual discoveries is breathtaking.
		When, in his vainglorious attempt to discover proof of God's existence, Elisha becomes enamored of Euclidean geometry, the reader can palpably feel the tension the Jew has faced in every generation from his desire to follow the stimulating pulse of secularism or heeding the imposing call of the God of Israel.
	www.emanuelnyc.org /bulletin/archive/18.html (407 words)

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