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	Elizabeth Gaskell Biography and Summary
		The English author Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865) wrote sociological novels that explored the ills of industrial England and novels of small-town life that are penetrating studies of character.
		Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson was born on Sept. 29, 1810.
		For some critics Elizabeth Gaskell was a conventional, middle-class Victorian wife and mother who accepted the values of her world and who also happened to write books--a feminine dove among literary eagles Charlotte Brontë and George Eliot, to borr...
	www.bookrags.com /Elizabeth_Gaskell (340 words)

	Books by Elizabeth Gaskell - Biography and Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Elizabeth Gaskell's fourth novel reveals her to be a master storyteller with a lively eye for the eccentric, but it also has a decidedly feminist slant that was unusual in its time (1853) as well as an ironically distanced narrator who was perhaps even more unusual in Victorian fiction.
		Elizabeth Gaskell's novel of working class life in a northern English mill town was controversial when it was published in 1848 because of its sympathy for the downtrodden workers and its indictment of the wealthy class that exploited them.
		Gaskell, the wife of a Manchester clergyman, wrote her first novel from firsthand experience of the lives of both rich and poor in that community, and she depicts her working-class characters (and even a prostitute) as richly complicated individuals.
	odyssey.biblio.com /author_biographies/2830817/Elizabeth_Gaskell.html (1324 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell
		Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson Gaskell (September 29, 1810-November 12, 1865), a lifelong Unitarian and the wife of an eminent Unitarian minister, was the author of a half-dozen novels, numerous short stories, and a biography of Charlotte Brontë.
		Gaskell's sympathies were with the workers, the men, women and children who labored long hours under unhealthy conditions, living in great poverty, dying without hope or a chance at happiness.
		Gaskell traveled to Haworth, where Charlotte had grown up, and to the school where Charlotte had studied and taught in Brussels and interviewed all who had known her.
	www25.uua.org /uuhs/duub/articles/elizabethgaskell.html (2646 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell
		Gaskell's writing is examined to see how she incorporates her different ideas of authority and how this distinguishes her from other authors of the time This article is a well written look at the interaction between Gaskell's life and her fiction.
		Gaskell was preoccupied by the war at the time she started writing this and was even staying at the home of Florence Nightingale for part of the war.
		This article examines Gaskell's work from a feminist perspective and claims that perhaps her work was one way for her to understand her role as a woman and to work through the anxieties and difficulties that arose through being a female artist.
	departments.kings.edu /womens_history/elizgaskell.html (2153 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Elizabeth Gaskell
		Born in London on 29 September, 1810, Elizabeth Gaskell grew up in the early decades of the nineteenth century in rural Cheshire and despite her reputation as a writer of industrial fiction it was the older, pre-urban world of her childhood which provided the setting and stimulus for her finest and most mature work.
		Elizabeth's Unitarian heritage (which set the education of girls as highly as that of boys) meant that her education, whilst old-fashioned in some respects, went beyond the mere acquisition of accomplishments which constituted the schooling of many of her female contemporaries.
		Her early education, under the direction of her aunts, encouraged Elizabeth to read widely and to think and judge for herself, and her later formal schooling, at a boarding-school in Warwickshire, was organised along similarly liberal lines.
	www.litencyc.com /php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=1699 (438 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell - Biography and Works
		Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson was born on 29 September 1810 in Chelsea, London, England.
		Gaskell spent much time researching, gathering material, and reading the letters of the eldest Bronte sister, and while she had set out to write a biography, the first edition was seen as an artful weaving of fact and fiction.
		In 1865, at the age of fifty-five, Elizabeth Gaskell died suddenly of a heart attack at her cottage the Lawn near Alton in Holybourne, Hampshire on 12 November 1865.
	www.online-literature.com /elizabeth_gaskell (1424 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell - Books and Biography
		Elizabeth's father, William Stevenson, was a Unitarian but had given up preaching to become the Keeper of the Treasury Records.
		Elizabeth shared her father's religious beliefs and attended the local Unitarian chapel and taught at Sunday School.
		Most of William Gaskell's parishioners were textile workers and Elizabeth was deeply shocked by the poverty she witnessed in Manchester.
	www.readprint.com /author-40/Elizabeth-Gaskell (419 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell's resurrection - TLS Highlights - Times Online
		The Gaskell presented in these volumes is not a charming sentimentalist, but shrewd, observant, perceptive; a serious craftswoman, who laboured over her writing and explored the potentialities of different kinds and lengths of narrative, whose apparently transparent realism was not unconsidered, but a deeply pondered art.
		Gaskell (whose interest in etymology is evident throughout the novel) here seems to be invoking the old meaning of “republican” – belonging to the commonwealth or community: within her description lurks that commonplace of contemporary radical rhetoric in the period, the Chartist claim for the land as “the people’s farm”.
		Her sense of the importance of the slow, expansive movement that James noted in Wives and Daughters is signalled in the novel’s references to the Heptateuch and to evolutionary time, and registered at a microlevel by the prominence within it of the past imperfect tense.
	tls.timesonline.co.uk /article/0,,25341-2443558,00.html (3478 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell - MSN Encarta
		Elizabeth Gaskell, (1810-1865), English novelist, known for her thorough research, compassion toward her subjects, and skillful narrative style.
		She was born Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson in London.
		Gaskell's other works include a biography (1857) of her friend, the novelist Charlotte Brontë; and the novels and stories The Moorland Cottage (1850); Ruth (1853); North and South (1855), another compassionate study of conditions in Manchester; and the posthumously published Wives and Daughters (1866).
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761560076/Elizabeth_Gaskell.html (194 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell Review - Jenny Uglow
		Gaskell may have seemed to lead a routine existence, but in fact she hungered for stories—as her biographer puts it—and was as quietly devoted to her art as her more dramatic contemporaries.
		Gaskell did feel the pressures of conventional womanhood, and Uglow shows that it was sometimes a strain to maintain a home and career.
		Yet Uglow shows that Gaskell broke new ground in her biography’s candid presentation of human character, even though she was forced to compromise somewhat on her version of the truth.
	www.enotes.com /salem-lit/elizabeth-gaskell-0080500742 (270 words)

	UTEL: Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell Page
		"Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865) caused a storm in 1848 with the publication of her first novel Mary Barton, a tale of love, industrial unrest and murder in Manchester; her husband William was a Unitarian minister in the city, and his congregation included many of the mill-owners whom she attacked for their unfeeling treatment of the poor.
		Gaskell's justification in the face of attack was always her duty to tell the `truth', a justification she later used in connection with her brilliant and controversial Life of Charlotte Brontë (1857), a biography credited with founding the `Brontë myth'.
		Gaskell was immensely versatile, alert to the power of different genres, from Gothic melo-drama to rich dialect comedy.
	library.utoronto.ca /utel/authors/gaskelle.html (488 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell
		Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson Gaskell (September 29, 1810-November 12, 1865), a lifelong Unitarian and the wife of an eminent Unitarian minister, was the author of a half-dozen novels, numerous short stories, and a biography of Charlotte Brontë.
		Gaskell's sympathies were with the workers, the men, women and children who labored long hours under unhealthy conditions, living in great poverty, dying without hope or a chance at happiness.
		Gaskell traveled to Haworth, where Charlotte had grown up, and to the school where Charlotte had studied and taught in Brussels and interviewed all who had known her.
	www.uua.org /uuhs/duub/articles/elizabethgaskell.html (2646 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (nÃ©e Stevenson; 29 September 1810–12 November 1865), was often referred to simply as Mrs.
		Gaskell purchased 84 Plymouth Grove, Manchester in 1850, after the publication of her first book, and lived in the house, with her family, until her death 15 years later in 1865.
		Gaskell's style is notable for putting local dialect words into the voice of middle-class characters and of the narrator; for example in North and South, Margaret Hale suggests redding up (tidying) the Bouchers' house and even offers jokingly to teach her mother words such as knobstick (strike-breaker).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Elizabeth_Gaskell (1017 words)

	Wikinfo \| Elizabeth Gaskell (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (September 29, 1810 - November 12, 1865), often referred to simply as Mrs Gaskell, was a British novelist.
		In the same year, she married a Unitarian minister, William Gaskell (who had a literary career of his own), and they settled in Manchester.
		Elizabeth Gaskell died in Hampshire while visiting with her daughter.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Elizabeth_Gaskell (302 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Elizabeth Gaskell - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn, (1810-1865), English novelist, known for her thorough research, compassion toward her subjects, and skillful narrative...
		Elizabeth I (1533-1603), queen of England and Ireland (1558-1603), daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Elizabeth_Gaskell.html (104 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gaskell was the daughter and wife of Unitarian ministers.
		Born in London, the infant Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson was sent, after the death of her mother, to live with an aunt in the Cheshire village of Knutsford, which would become the model for Cranford and for Hollingford in Wives and Daughters.
		Although northern industrialists opposed Gaskell's representation of the exploitative rich and the working poor, and some critics charged her with overly broad characterization, Mary Barton was immediately successful and brought Gaskell fame as a writer.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/masterpiece/wives/writers/gaskell.html (346 words)

	BBC - History - Elizabeth Gaskell (1810 - 1865)
		Gaskell was a Victorian novelist, also notable for her biography of her friend Charlotte Brontë.
		Elizabeth Stevenson was born in London on 29 September 1810, the daughter of a Unitarian minister.
		Gaskell died on 12 November 1865, leaving her longest work, 'Wives and Daughters' incomplete.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/gaskell_elizabeth.shtml (231 words)

	Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell
		Gaskell was born in London in 1810; after her mother's death and her father's remarriage, she was raised by her aunt, later attending a progressive boarding school in Stratford-upon-Avon.
		Gaskell's portrait of the Manchester poor is realistic and avoids condescension (the besetting problem of Victorian novelists dealing with the second of the Two Nations, as Disraeli dubbed England's poor).
		Gaskell's success enabled her to move among the glitterati of her day, ultimately allowing her to befriend the hyper-reclusive Charlotte Bronte.
	www.cwrl.utexas.edu /~ulrich/RHE309/vicfembios/elizabeth_cleghorn_gaskell.htm (1541 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell: Biography
		Gaskell was born on 29 September, 1810, in what is now known as 93 Cheyne walk and was then called Lindsay row, Chelsea.
		The present seems the most appropriate place for speaking of the chief contributions to British fiction of Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, a writer of rare charm and, though no one knew better than herself the limits prescribed to her creations, possessed of true powers of both pathos and humour.
		In 1832 she married William Gaskell, a Unitarian clergyman in Manchester in whose ministry she actively participated and with whom she collaborated to write the poem "Sketches Among the Poor" in 1837.
	www.uncg.edu /gar/courses/lixl/380BLS/380Unit2/Lesson2Restoration_files/GaskellBio.htm (1537 words)

	Works of Elizabeth Gaskell published by Pickering & Chatto (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Elizabeth Gaskell’s sudden death in November 1865, at the height of her career, prompted the Athenaeum to lament the passing of ‘if not the most popular, with small question, the most powerful and finished female novelist of an epoch singularly rich in female novelists’ (18 November 1865).
		Few of Gaskell's contemporaries were willing to consign her exclusively to the ranks of ‘lady novelists’, and late Victorian memoirists and critics measured her achievements against those of Charlotte Brontë and George Eliot.
		A general introduction to the edition traces Gaskell’s reputation from lifetime reviews of individual works through to late Victorian assessments of her achievement, the waning of her popularity at the end of the nineteenth century and its revival in the mid-twentieth.
	www.pickeringchatto.com /gaskell.htm (696 words)

	William Gaskell
		A scholar of the English language and dialects and a celebrated lecturer on literature, he assisted his wife, Elizabeth Gaskell, in research for and editorial preparation of her novels.
		Gaskell served as Secretary to the Board of Governors and six years later was appointed Professor of English Literature and History.
		Gaskell considered the orthodox doctrines of the trinity and the dual nature of Christ to be incoherent, unscriptural, and not conducive to good religion.
	www.uua.org /uuhs/duub/articles/williamgaskell.html (1699 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell novels: Beautiful bound and illustrated
		Elizabeth Gaskell's debut novel, Mary Barton, is a powerful emotional drama and piercing record of her age, which 'profoundly affected and impressed' Charles Dickens and stirred the conscience of Victorian England to the plight of the industrial poor...
		Elizabeth Gaskell's last and most famous novel tells the story of motherless Molly Gibson, growing up in provincial Hollingford - a tittle-tattle town of two streets where everybody knows what everybody is doing.
		Elizabeth Gaskell (nee Stevenson) (1810-65) was born in London, but grew up in Knutsford, Cheshire.
	www.foliosociety.com /folio/elizabeth_gaskell.php (410 words)

	Barnes & Noble.com - Books: North and South, by Elizabeth Gaskell, Paperback
		Gaskell paints a huge canvass of characters from all different social backgrounds: the poor, factory workers, the middle class, the educated, capitalists, and manufacterers.
		Elizabeth Gaskell deserves more attention for her body of work.
		Gaskell was born Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson on September 29, 1810.
	search.barnesandnoble.com /booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?z=y&EAN=9780140434248&itm=1 (528 words)

	Elizabeth Gaskell - Penguin Classics Authors - Penguin Classics
		Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell was born in London in 1810, but she spent her formative years in Cheshire, Stratford-upon-Avon and the north of England.
		In 1832 she married the Reverend William Gaskell, who became well known as the minister of the Unitarian Chapel in Manchester’s Cross Street.
		Elizabeth Gaskell’s position as a clergyman’s wife and as a successful writer introduced her to a wide circle of friends, both from the professional world of Manchester and from the larger literary world.
	us.penguinclassics.com /nf/Author/AuthorPage/0,,10_1000012074,00.html?sym=BIO (258 words)

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