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Ellen Swallow Richards

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	Ellen Swallow Richards - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ellen Swallow Richards (December 3, 1842 — March 30, 1911) was the foremost female industrial and environmental chemist in the United States in the 1800s, pioneering the field of home economics.
		Ellen was a "pragmatic" feminist, as well as a founding "ecofeminist" who believed that women's work within the home was a vital aspect of the economy.
		From 1884 until her death, Ellen Richards was an instructor in the newly founded laboratory of sanitary chemistry, the first in the United States, headed by her former professor William R. Nichols.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards (813 words)

	Open Collections Program: Women Working: Ellen Richards
		Ellen Richards was a pioneering woman chemist, and one of the founders of the academic study of home economics.
		Ellen was the daughter of a poor Massachusetts family, and until the age of twenty-five she helped to financially support her family and care for her ill mother.
		Ellen was then admitted as a "special student" (without any financial charge) to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), because the school did not want to acknowledge admitting a female student by having her pay tuition.
	ocp.hul.harvard.edu /ww/people_richards.html (525 words)

	What Was Home Economics?
		Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards (1842 - 1911) spent the early years of her adult life tending to her ill mother, until in 1868 at the age of twenty-five, she entered Vassar College as a junior.
		In June 1875 Ellen Swallow married Professor Robert Hallowell Richards, and in November, she created a Woman's Laboratory at MIT that would remain in operation until 1883, when women were allowed to join the men in MIT's classrooms.
		Ellen Richards had "faith in science as a cure-all." She used this faith to provide new avenues for women in the scientific arena, and in the process, she created the field of home economics.
	rmc.library.cornell.edu /homeEc/bios/ellenrichards.html (412 words)

	Ellen Swallow Richards
		Ellen Henrietta Swallow (1842-1911) was the first woman awarded a Bachelor of Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston in 1873.
		The faculty of the new school were not as open-minded: admission of female students was not consistent with the present condition of the school and the organization of the classes.
		When Ellen Swallow applied, the faculty admitted her without tuition: the admission of women is as yet in the nature of an experiment.
	www.mit-amita.org /esr/swallow.html (264 words)

	Development of the Industrial United States 1878-1899: Education History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ellen Swallow was born in 1842 in Dunstable, Massachusetts, the daughter of two schoolteachers.
		Vassar was becoming an important center for women's education in the sciences during this time, and when Swallow was graduated in 1870, she was determined to continue her pursuit of scientific inquiry.
		Ellen Richards's principal contribution to American life was her introduction of the home economics movement.
	www.bookrags.com /history-industrial-united-states-education/sub20.html (616 words)

	Search Results for "Ellen ..."
		Of a working-class family, she graduated from the Univ. of Manchester and became a union organizer.
		Ellen, Mount, peak (11,522 ft/3,512 m) highest point in Henry Mts., Garfield co. near Wayne co. line, S Utah, 20 mi/32 km SSW of Hanksville....
		Converted at the age of 15 to the beliefs of the Adventists, she began...
	bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?db=db&query=Ellen+... (219 words)

	Euthenics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ellen Swallow Richards (1842–1911) was one of the first writers to use the term, in The Cost of Shelter (1905), with the meaning "the science of better living".
		Euthenics is distinguished from eugenics primarily in that the latter is concerned with the improvement of the human species through the manipulation of genetic inheritance (using various techniques of selective breeding), while euthenics is concerned with uninheritable improvements in human beings at a particular time and place, though this can have genetic consequences.
		Ellen H. Richards, Euthenics: The Science of Controllable Environment : A Plea for Better Conditions As a First Step Toward Higher Human Efficiency (Public health in America) ISBN 0405098278
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Euthenics (347 words)

	JCE Online: Biographical Snapshots: Snapshot
		Ellen was born on December 3, 1842 in Dunstable, Massachusetts to Peter Swallow and Fanny Gould Taylor.
		Ellen was fortunate to be able to attend and graduate from Westford Academy in Westford, Massachusetts.
		Ellen Swallow Richards died on March 30, 1911 in Boston.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCEWWW/Features/eChemists/Bios/Richards.html (758 words)

	No. 794: Ellen Swallow Richards
		The very first woman in that lineage was Ellen Swallow, born in 1842 in a small New England town.
		Ruth Cowan tells us that Ellen's parents were schoolteacher/farmers -- that they gave her all the education she got until she was 25.
		Ellen Swallow finished her degree and stayed on as a chemistry assistant.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi794.htm (482 words)

	Ellen Swallow Richards
		The most prominent female American chemist of the 19th century, Ellen Swallow Richards (1842–1911), was another pioneer in sanitary engineering and a founder of home economics in the United States.
		Swallow, the daughter of an old but relatively poor New England family, was taught that a good education was important.
		Ellen Swallow Richards (left rear) with women students at MIT in 1888.
	www.chemheritage.org /classroom/chemach/environment/richards.html (561 words)

	Women in Chemistry: Ellen Swallow Richards
		Ellen Swallow Richards (1842–1911) was the daughter of an old but relatively poor New England family.
		Ellen Swallow Richards — from Chemical Achievers: The Human Face of the Chemical Sciences, a Chemical Heritage Foundation Web site.
		Ellen Swallow Richards — an in-depth site from the MIT Institute Archives and Special Collections.
	www.chemheritage.org /women_chemistry/health/richards.html (524 words)

	Ellen Swallow Richards
		where her father had purchased a bigger store. Finally in June 1864 Ellen began to teach. But in September, Fanny became sick and Ellen stopped teaching to stay with her mother. This was obviously a very rough time for Ellen. Her letters in 1868 describe a period of depression and sadness.
		The Richards home was a model of Ellen’s education. She cooked with gas instead of coal, had a telephone as soon as they became available, and experimented with vacuum cleaners.
		Ellen and her husband felt that they should support their students in all ways. They often had students living in their home and working for room and board to pursue an education. Vacations were taken in the form of field trips with students. In 1876, the Woman’s Laboratory was opened on M.I.T. campus with Mrs.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~jschell/history/actors/swallowrichard.htm (1216 words)

	Peter Grimes
		Sworn in by the lawyer Swallow, who acts as coroner, Grimes describes how heavy weather and a large catch kept his boat at sea for three days, during which time the drinking water gave out and the boy died.
		Swallow rules the death accidental, but warns Grimes to get an adult apprentice instead of a child if he really needs an extra hand.
		Balstrode, like Swallow and Ellen, suggests a new beginning for Grimes, but Grimes is not willing to take his advice, even if he has to “fish the sea dry” to offer his respectability.
	www.ptloma.edu /music/MUH/genres/opera/petergrimes.htm (899 words)

	Ellen Swallow Richards and Progressive women's movements
		Their contributions were vital in civilizing and improving the horrific conditions created by the industrial revolution and the philosophies of social darwinism and unregulated capitalism.
		One of the first was Ellen Swallow Richards, whose work in the decades after the Civil War set the stage for the women's Progressive movement.
		The air should be clean..." Yet, as historian Suellen Hoy noted, she also saw "municipal housekeeping" as a non-partisan responsibility that should involve not only women but the whole community working in a partnership with local government.
	www.radford.edu /~wkovarik/envhist/richards.html (1399 words)

	Ellen Swallow Richards House -- NRHP Travel Itinerary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ellen Swallow Richards, a 19th-century advocate for public sanitation and good health, is now recognized as the woman who created the fields of ecology and home economics.
		In 1876, the Richards purchased this Italianate home and began systematically remodeling it to fit Ellen Swallow Richard's concerns as a pioneering environmental scientist as well as to serve as the laboratory for the Center for Right Living.
		The Ellen H. Swallow Richards House, a National Historic Landmark, is located at 32 Eliot St. in the Jamaica Plain section of Boston, MA.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/pwwmh/ma67.htm (357 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Ellen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Wilkinson, Ellen WILKINSON, ELLEN [Wilkinson, Ellen] 1891?-1947, English politician.
		Converted at the age of 15 to the beliefs of the Adventists, she began to receive visions accepted as prophetic by many members of that sect.
		Ellen Terry, the ghost-writer and the laughing statue: the Victorian actress, letters and life-writing.(Critical Essay)
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Ellen (536 words)

	Ellen Swallow Richards Biography / Biography of Ellen Swallow Richards World of Chemistry Biography
		Ellen Swallow Richards was an applied scientist, sanitary chemist, and the founder of home economics.
		Swallow was born on December 3, 1842, in Dunstable, Massachusetts.
		She was the only child of Peter Swallow, a teacher, farmer, and store keeper, and Fanny Gould Taylor, a teacher.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-ellen-swallow-richards-woc (247 words)

	_For Her Own Good_ (p. 152-153), Ellen Swallow Richards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ellen Swallow Richards was facing the Woman Question ("what does a woman _do_ with her life?") at just about the time that Matthew Vassar endowed a college for women.
		Her relationship with the astronomer Maria Mitchell was the catalyst she needed to push herself into the realm of science.
		The section goes on to tell about how Richards, with her scorn for women's groups and then-modern feminism, swallowed (pun not intended) her indignation and went about, lecturing at women's groups, to get them so hyped to wanting to learn (what finally became called) Domestic Science that they would demand classes in it.
	www.holysmoke.org /fem/fem0365.htm (526 words)

	Women in Science
		A native of Massachusetts, Ellen Henrietta Swallow entered Vassar at the age of 26, with only four years of prior formal education.
		A native of Louisville, Kentucky, Ellen Churchill Semple earned her bachelor’s degree from Vassar in 1882 and her master’s in history and sociology, also from Vassar, in 1891.
		Ellen Kovner came to Vassar on full scholarship, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and graduated summa cum laude without ever having set foot in a science classroom.
	www.vassar.edu /SciWomen (1534 words)

	46383. Richards, Ellen Henrietta Swallow. The Columbia World of Quotations. 1996
		Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards (1842–1911), U.S. chemist and educator.
		As quoted in The Life of Ellen H. Richards, ch.
		Written in an April 10, 1869, letter to her parents when she was a student at Vassar College.
	www.bartleby.com /66/83/46383.html (99 words)

	Ellen Swallow Richards (1842-1911) : Library of Congress Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A biography of Ellen Swallow Richards, the first woman to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, founder of the American home economics movement, and first professional woman chemist.
		Heading: Richards, Ellen H. (Ellen Henrietta), 1842-1911 References: Swallow, Ellen, 1842-1911 Richards, Ellen Henrietta, 1842-1911 Notes: nuc86-18885: Her The relation of college women...
		Ellen H. Richards) Clarke, R. Ellen Swallow, 1973: t.p.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~Mcneil/cit/citlcrichards.htm (548 words)

	swallow
		There are about 100 species of swallows, including the martins, which belong to the same family.
		Swallows have long, narrow wings, forked tails, and weak feet.
		Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards - Richards, Ellen Henrietta Swallow, 1842–1911, American chemist, educator, and organizer of...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0847372.html (262 words)

	CapitalistChicks.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ellen graduated from Vassar with a B.S. degree in 1870 and she originally wanted to travel to Argentina to teach astronomy.
		Ellen volunteered her services as well as one thousand dollars annually to further women's scientific education at MIT.
		Ellen Richards continued to serve as official water analyst for the State Board of Health whle continuing as an instructor at MIT.
	www.capitalistchicks.com /html/features-viewarticle-24.html (838 words)

	Ellen Swallow Richards: Bibliography: Institute Archives & Special Collections: MIT
		Isabel F. Hyams and Ellen H. Richards, "Contributions from the Laboratory of Sanitary Chemistry: IV.
		Announcement of the establishment of the Ellen H. Richards Institute at the Pennsylvania State College.
		Ellen H. Richards and Her Place in the World of Science.
	libraries.mit.edu /archives/exhibits/esr/esr-bibliography.html (1200 words)

	Family and Consumer Sciences
		The Family and Consumer Sciences profession recognizes Ellen Swallow Richards, a scientist, as its founder.
		Her contributions: Ellen Swallow Richards was the first woman to graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was MIT’s first woman faculty member.
		Under the leadership of Ellen Swallow Richards and other supporters, the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences grew.
	www.pen.k12.va.us /VDOE/Instruction/CTE/facs/programs/hist_bg.htm (801 words)

	Luboš Motl's reference frame: Students for Larry
		Back in the post-Civil War era, Ellen Swallow yearned to get a graduate degree in chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which did not admit women.
		Generations of women with a bent for science managed to get college teaching jobs because Ellen Swallow Richards figured out a way to connect their field to the analysis of cleaning products.
		Today - after another century of discrimination and sexual harassment in the laboratory - female scientists are getting an increasingly large percentage of all undergraduate degrees and they get a little prickly if an extremely powerful man raises the question of whether their field has an inherent sexual divide.
	motls.blogspot.com /2005/02/students-for-larry.html (925 words)

	Amsden named Richards Professor - MIT News Office
		The appointment of Alice H. Amsden to the faculty of the Department of Urban Studies and Planning and to the Ellen Swallow Richards Professorship has been announced by Professor Phillip L. Clay, head of the department, and by Provost Mark S. Wrighton.
		Amsden, an economist, is noted for her ability to combine outstanding technical analysis with institutional and political insight.
		Ellen Swallow Richards received a degree from MIT in 1873 and taught here until her death many years later.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/1994/amsden-0525.html (557 words)

	National Women's Hall of Fame - Women of the Hall
		Ellen Swallow Richards was the first woman professional chemist in the nation, and played a major role to open scientific education and the scientific professions to women.
		Applying scientific principles to domestic life, she pioneered the new study and profession of home economics, a major opportunity at the time for higher education and employment for American women.
		Richards was central to the founding of the American Home Economics Association and served as the group's first president.
	www.greatwomen.org /women.php?action=viewone&id=123 (233 words)

	Ellen Swallow Richards: Institute Archives & Special Collections: MIT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ellen Swallow Richards: Institute Archives and Special Collections: MIT
		llen Swallow Richards (1842-1911) was the first woman admitted to MIT, receiving her S.B. degree in 1873 (the first graduating class of MIT was 1868).
		The title of her thesis (pdf file) was "Notes on Some Sulpharsenites and Sulphantimonites from Colorado."
	libraries.mit.edu /archives/exhibits/esr (126 words)

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