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Topic: Elliptical Galaxy M32

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	Calvin College - Physics and Astronomy
		M32 is a member of the Local Group of galaxies, and is an elliptical dwarf galaxy of the type E2.
		M32 consist mainly of old population 2 stars, which are red old stars that were formed near the beginning of the universe.
		M32 is a lot brighter than other dwarf galaxies and its apparent color is not normally associated with its age.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/phys/observatory/images/Astr212.Fall2002/M32 (722 words)

	elliptical galaxy
		Giant ellipticals, such as M87, may contain over 10 trillion solar masses in the form of stars, are among the largest of galaxies, and are often found at the heart of rich clusters of galaxies.
		Dwarf ellipticals, on the other hand, such as M32 (a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy) may have masses as low as 10 million solar masses and lie at the bottom end of the galactic size range.
		It used to be thought that ellipticals were the oldest galaxies, but more recent studies, including computer simulations, suggest that they have formed from collisions and mergers between spiral galaxies.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/E/ellipgal.html (513 words)

	Messier Object 32
		M32 is the small yet bright companion of the Great Andromeda Galaxy, M31, and as such a member of the Local Group of galaxies.
		M32 is an elliptical dwarf of only about 3 billion solar masses, and a linear diameter of some 8,000 light years, very small compared to its giant spiral-shaped neighbor.
		M32 and the other bright companion of M31, M110, are the closest bright elliptical galaxies to us, therefore also the among best investigated.
	www.seds.org /MESSIER/m/m032.html (1002 words)

	M32: Elliptical Galaxy
		M32 is a satellite galaxy to the famous naked eye spiral galaxy, M31, in Andromeda.
		It was discovered by le Gentil in 1749, the first elliptical galaxy ever seen, and was catalogued by Charles Messier in 1764 who described it as a "small nebula without a star.
		M32 can be seen in the same field of view as the Andromeda Galaxy, using low power binoculars or telescopes.
	www.r-clarke.org.uk /messier/m32.htm (99 words)

	HubbleSite - NewsCenter - NASA's Hubble Space Telescope Images the Dense Nucleus of Galaxy M32 (04/08/1992) - Release ...
		M32 is quite small and compact as elliptical galaxies go, containing roughly 400 million stars within a diameter of only 1,000 light-years.
		M32 is a satellite of the great spiral galaxy in Andromeda M31, which dominates the small group of galaxies of which our own Milky Way is a member.
		Both M32 and M87 have a distinctive central concentration of starlight called a "cusp." These two galaxies are quite different, though, in that the fl hole proposed for M32 is roughly one thousand times smaller than the fl hole that might exist at the heart of M87.
	hubblesite.org /newscenter/archive/releases/1992/09/text (1214 words)

	M32 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is an elliptical dwarf of only about 3 billion solar masses, and a linear diameter of some 8,000 light years, very small compared to its giant spiral-shaped neighbor.
		Near the center of this galaxy, the sky would be dominated by this object, and full with the members of this galaxy, while at the edges, only one hemisphere would be filled with them, the other showing only few outlying stars and the intergalactic space.
		There are remarkable differences between these dwarf galaxies: While M32 is a typical generic elliptical, compact and of high surface brightness, M110 is much more loose, of lower surface brightness, and exposes peculiar structures; now, M110 is often classified as a dwarf spheroid instead of elliptical.
	www.intercom.net /user/shaffer/messier/m32.html (398 words)

	EVIDENCE FOR AN OUTER DISK IN THE PROTOTYPE `COMPACT ELLIPTICAL' GALAXY M32
		Abstract: M32 is the prototype for the relatively rare class of galaxies referred to as `compact ellipticals'.
		elliptical galaxy, or the remnant bulge of a disk-stripped early-type spiral galaxy.
		M32 is a relatively face-on, nucleated, dwarf galaxy with a low surface brightness disk and a high surface brightness bulge.
	www.iac.es /galeria/agraham/Preprints/M32.html (288 words)

	[No title]
		M32 is quite small and compact as elliptical galaxies go, containing about 400 million stars within a diameter of only 1,000 light-years.
		M32 is a satellite of the great spiral galaxy in Andromeda M31, which dominates the small group of galaxies of which the Milky Way is a member.
		Both M32 and M87 have a distinctive central concentration of starlight called a "cusp." These two galaxies are quite different, though, in that the fl hole proposed for M32 is roughly 1,000 times smaller than the fl hole that might exist at the heart of M87.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/status/r92-46 (1223 words)

	Elliptical Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Some other examples of elliptical galaxies include M32, which is an E2 dwarf elliptical near the Andromeda Galaxy, and the E6 elliptical galaxy M110, another satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy.
		Thus, the smallest of the elliptical galaxies, which are called dwarf ellipticals, may be only a little larger than globular clusters, while the giant elliptical galaxies like M87 are among the largest galaxies in the Universe.
		Elliptical galaxies exhibit far less evidence for young stars, gas, or dust than do spiral galaxies, and have larger random motion of stars than in spiral galaxies where the motion is a more ordered rotation.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/galaxies/elliptical.html (257 words)

	Elliptical Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Elliptical galaxies are also named because of their shapes.
		Elliptical galaxies range from circular (remember, a circle is an ellipse!) to long, narrow, and cigar-shaped.
		Elliptical galaxies are denoted by the letter E. They are also given a number from 0 to 7.
	cas.sdss.org /dr4/en/proj/basic/galaxies/ellipticals.asp (149 words)

	ASU Research E-Magazine: Cosmic Conundrum
		A faint galaxy at the far reaches of the universe has joined the list of objects that appear to be older than the universe itself.
		M32 is a dwarf, elliptical galaxy about 3.5 billion years old.
		Galaxy 53W091 appears to be about the same age, except that it is more than 7 billion light-years away.
	researchmag.asu.edu /stories/conundrum.html (599 words)

	SPACE.com -- Hubble Sees the Power of Ancient Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		M32 is a relatively small, very compact galaxy that has the distinction of being the closest to Earth of any galaxy of its kind.
		Other elliptical galaxies are so much more distant, Ferguson said, that it will be several decades before technology develops to allow scientists to glimpse another in such detail.
		The galaxy's proximity, coupled with the ability of the Hubble to resolve details down to individual stars, mean that M32 is going to be heavily studied, Ferguson said.
	space.com /science/astronomy/hubble_m32_991026.html (869 words)

	Chapter 24, Section 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A galaxy's rotation causes some of the radiation it emits to be blueshifted and some to be redshifted (relative to what the emission would be from a nonrotating source).
		From a distance, when the radiation from the galaxy is combined into a single beam and analyzed spectroscopically, the redshifted and blueshifted components combine to produce a broadening of the galaxy's spectral lines.
		A somewhat similar connection exists for elliptical galaxies, linking the broadening of a galaxy's spectral lines (which, in the case of an elliptical, measures the average random velocity of the stars in the galaxy) and the galaxy's size.
	astronomy.nju.edu.cn /astron/at3/AT32402.HTM (2327 words)

	Elliptical galaxy M32 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The brighter and closer elliptical companion of the Andromeda galaxy, also known as NGC 221.
		This is the inner half of a V-band CCD image taken in twilight (15 seconds' exposure) at the prime focus of the 4-meter Mayall telescope of Kitt Peak National Observatory.
		This area subtends 7.3 arcminutes, and is shown with a logarithmic intensity mapping.
	www.astr.ua.edu /gifimages/m32.html (106 words)

	The classification of galaxies
		Galaxies of elliptical, spiral and irregular type have been observed.
		By counting the galaxies in a fixed volume of the Universe, one finds that the most numerous galaxies are the irregular ones, followed by the spiral galaxies and finally by the elliptical ones.
		Among spiral galaxies, examples like the following one are observed, where the spiral arms originate from a bar crossing the center of the galaxy.
	www.pd.astro.it /education/PlanetV/planetarium/models/L26_01S.html (549 words)

	Early-Type Galaxies
		We are observing a representative sample of 24 elliptical galaxies, 24 lenticulars, and 24 spiral bulges, all nearby and equally divided between field and cluster objects, as well as a fair number of particularly interesting objects.
		A considerable range of values for the [O III]/Hbeta ratio is found both across the sample and within single galaxies, suggesting either that a variety of mechanisms is responsible for the gas excitation in E and S0 galaxies or that the metallicity of the interstellar material is quite heterogeneous.
		Assuming that M32 is axisymmetric, the averaged observed flattening of 0.73 then corresponds to an intrinsic flattening of 0.68+/-0.03.
	www-astro.physics.ox.ac.uk /~bureau/early-types.html (2237 words)

	Messier 32 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Messier 32 (also known as NGC 221) is a dwarf elliptical galaxy about 2.65 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda.
		M32 is a satellite galaxy of the famous Andromeda Galaxy (M31) and was discovered by Le Gentil in 1749 and measures only 6.7 ± 0.2 kly
		As a small spiral galaxy falls into the central parts of M31, most of the outer layers of the smaller spiral are stripped away.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32 (284 words)

	APOD Index - Galaxies: Elliptical Galaxies
		ellipticals can evolve from colliding spirals, or spirals can be created from colliding ellipticals, or both.
		M87 is much bigger than an average galaxy, appears near the centre of a whole cluster of galaxies known as the Virgo Cluster, and shows an unusually high number of globular clusters.
		spiral galaxies, but are ellipsoidal in shape (spirals are mostly flat), have no spiral structure, and little gas and dust.
	zuserver2.star.ucl.ac.uk /~apod/apod/elliptical_galaxies.html (387 words)

	Dwarf Elliptical M32 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The bright center of the galaxy was placed on the right side of the image, allowing fainter stars to be seen on the left side of the image.
		Thirty years ago, the first ultraviolet observations of elliptical galaxies showed that they were surprisingly bright when viewed in ultraviolet light.
		Nearby elliptical galaxies are thought to be relatively simple galaxies comprised of old stars.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~js/ast123/lectures/backup/M32.html (300 words)

	Galaxy Taxonomy
		The galaxy M81 is an example of a "Grand Design Spiral", because its arms are clearly defined and wrap all the way around the bulge.
		The defining propery of elliptical galaxies is their smooth shape and lack of arms or other features.
		M32 is a companion of the Andromeda Galaxy M31; it is relatively small, one of the dwarf ellipticals
	spiff.rit.edu /classes/phys240/lectures/gal_taxon/gal_taxon2.html (665 words)

	M32 Andromeda Satellite Elliptical Galaxy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This type E2 Elliptical Galaxy in Andromeda is a dwarf companion to the Great Andromeda Galaxy (M31).
		This galaxy is approximately 2.9 million light years distant and is a member of the Local Group of galaxies.
		This image was captured on 25 October 1997 and is a composite of 6 fifteen-second exposures.
	www.astroimages.org /ccd/m32.html (102 words)

	Hubble Space Telescope Images M32
		M32 is a satellite of the great spiral galaxy in Andromeda M 31, which dominates the small group of galaxies of which our own Milky Way is a member.
		Both M32 and M87 have a distinctive central concentration of starlight called a "cusp".
		These two galaxies are quite different, though, in that the fl hole proposed for M32 is roughly one thousand times smaller than the fl hole that might exist at the heart of M87.
	www.obspm.fr /messier/more/m032_h9209.html (1197 words)

	Astromart News - Evolution of Andromeda Galaxy is Found to be Similar to Milky Way's
		The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is the nearest spiral galaxy in the sky, about 2 million light years away.
		But a group of researchers have determined that the two galaxies are probably quite similar in the way they evolved, at least over their first several billion years.
		The stars that dominate closer to the center of the galaxy, by contrast, are those that formed and merged later, and contain heavier elements due to stellar evolution processes.
	www.astromart.com /news/news.asp?news_id=470 (672 words)

	Hubble Space Telescope, M32 (Messier 32) elliptical galaxy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The steady increase in brightness of M32 towards its center is readily apparent in the image, showing that the stars in M32 are strongly concentrated towards its nucleus, as if drawn into the center and held there by the gravitational field of a massive fl hole.
		Theoretical models suggest that the structure of M32 is consistent with a central 3 million solar mass fl hole.
		The region shown is 175 light-years on a side at the distance of M32.
	www.laughtergenealogy.com /bin/hubble/html/m32.html (171 words)

	Elliptical Advice Elliptical Supplier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		That's especially important with elliptical exercisers bec ause the movement is less familiar than walking or running, and each machine has a slightly different pedaling profile.
		Elliptical exercisers, most of which do no t fold and are hard to move, take up as much floor space as a couch.
		Ellipticals that cost $2,000 and up were well-built and felt stable to our testers, more like the $5,000 machines at gy ms.
	www.platinum-plus.co.uk /xbfsl.htm (634 words)

	Galaxy M32
		M32 is the small bright companion galaxy near the much more impressive
		M32 is an elliptical dwarf galaxy with about 3 billion solar masses.
		M32 was the first elliptical galaxy ever discovered.
	www.djgares.com /id94.html (83 words)

	APOD: January 6, 1996 - Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy M32 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Little M32 is visible in most pictures of M31 - it is the small circular spot north of M31's center.
		Elliptical galaxies have little or no measurable gas or dust - they are composed completely of stars and typically appear more red than spiral galaxies.
		Elliptical galaxies do not have disks - they generally have oblong shapes and therefore show elliptical profiles on the sky.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap960106.html (141 words)

	Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy
		Chemical Abundances of Planetary Nebulae in the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy- Chemical Abundances of Planetary Nebulae in the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy Chemical Abundances of Planetary Nebulae in the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy Spectrophotometry and imaging of the two planetary nebulae He2-436 and...
		Canis Major is a dwarf galaxy located in the same part of the sky as the constellation of Canis Major.
		The Nuclear Structure of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy- The Nuclear Structure of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy The Nuclear Structure of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy We present a study of the central parts of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr).
	www.which-tarot.com /135/sagittarius-dwarf-elliptical-galaxy.html (940 words)

	[No title]
		Andromeda Galaxy is a large spiral galaxy and can be seen by the naked eye at night.
		Also seen in the folder is a M32, a companion elliptical galaxy.
		M32 is the object, seemingly a large star, above and left of Andromedas core.
	www.backyardastro.com /astroimage.aspx?pageId=45 (132 words)

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