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Topic: Elliptical Galaxy M87

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	elliptical galaxy
		Giant ellipticals, such as M87, may contain over 10 trillion solar masses in the form of stars, are among the largest of galaxies, and are often found at the heart of rich clusters of galaxies.
		Dwarf ellipticals, on the other hand, such as M32 (a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy) may have masses as low as 10 million solar masses and lie at the bottom end of the galactic size range.
		It used to be thought that ellipticals were the oldest galaxies, but more recent studies, including computer simulations, suggest that they have formed from collisions and mergers between spiral galaxies.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/E/ellipgal.html (513 words)

	Messier Object 87
		M87 is famous for two peculiar and perhaps unique features, a huge globular cluster system found on long exposures, and a spectacular jet which is better seen on short exposure photographs.
		M87 was also identified with the strong radio source Virgo A (for the brightest radio source in the constellation Virgo), by W. Baade and R. Minkowski in 1954.
		In the Hubble Space Telescope views of M87, the violent active nucleus of this galaxy could be glimpsed significantly closer, to reveal a massive dark object of about 2-3 billion solar masses, concentrated within the innermost sphere with a radius of 60 light years.
	astroa.physics.metu.edu.tr /messier/m/m087.html (637 words)

	Messier 87 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Since this is the largest giant elliptical galaxy near Earth and since it is one of the brightest radio sources in the sky, it is a popular target for both amateur astronomy observations and professional astronomy study.
		M87 has an unusually huge population (perhaps the greatest known around any one galaxy) of globular clusters as compared to the Milky Way's 150-200.
		This jet extends at least 5000 light-years from the nucleus of M87 and is made up of matter ejected from the galaxy, most likely by a fl hole (a fact made more likely by the discovery of a disk of rapidly rotating gas around the nucleus of M87).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M87 (840 words)

	HubbleSite - NewsCenter - NASA's Hubble Space Telescope Probes the Compact Nucleus of Galaxy M87 (01/16/1992) - Release ...
		M87 is at the center of a nearby cluster of galaxies in the constellation of Virgo, 52 million light- years distant, and contains more than 100 billion stars.
		The central density of stars in M87 is at least 300 times greater than expected for a normal giant elliptical galaxy, and over a thousand times denser than the distribution of stars in the neighborhood of our own Sun.
		Early in the life of M87 a "seed" fl hole may have formed in its nucleus from the merger of small fl holes created by the explosion of massive stars, or perhaps from the gravitational collapse of gas leftover from the formation of M87.
	hubblesite.org /newscenter/archive/releases/1992/01/text (851 words)

	Messier Object 87
		M87 has been discovered and cataloged by Charles Messier on March 18, 1781 when he also cataloged 7 more nebulous objects in the same region, and actually are all member galaxies of the Virgo Cluster, as well as globular cluster M92.
		M87 is famous for two peculiar and perhaps unique features, a huge globular cluster system found on long exposures (as our image), and a spectacular jet which is better seen on short exposure photographs.
		In the new Hubble Space Telescope views of M87 after the repair mission, the violent active nucleus of this galaxy could be glimpsed significantly closer, to reveal a massive central object of about 2-3 billion solar masses, concentrated within the innermost sphere with a radius of 60 light years.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m087.html (1188 words)

	Elliptical Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Elliptical galaxies constitute approximately 10% of observed galaxies.
		Some other examples of elliptical galaxies include M32, which is an E2 dwarf elliptical near the Andromeda Galaxy, and the E6 elliptical galaxy M110, another satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy.
		Elliptical galaxies exhibit far less evidence for young stars, gas, or dust than do spiral galaxies, and have larger random motion of stars than in spiral galaxies where the motion is a more ordered rotation.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/galaxies/elliptical.html (257 words)

	Super Galaxies and Quasars
		The unusually dark and misshapen dust lanes in the galaxy's inner region are evidence of a disturbance, probably caused by an earlier interaction with another galaxy, NGC 4291, which is not in the photograph.
		This galaxy is notable for its dominant nuclear bulge, composed primarily of mature stars, and its nearly edge-on disk composed of stars, gas, and intricately structured dust.
		At first glance, M87 (also known as NGC 4486) appears to be an ordinary giant elliptical galaxy; one of many ellipticals in the nearby Virgo cluster of galaxies.
	www.cosmiclight.com /imagegalleries/supergalaxies.htm (5920 words)

	M87 Elliptical Galaxy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		M87 is a giant elliptical galaxy that lies at the heart of the Virgo cluster.
		M87 has a mass of several trillion (10^12) solar masses and an extreme luminosity with an absolute magnitude of about -22.
		M87 was also identified as a strong source of X-rays, and sits near the center of a hot, X-ray emitting cloud extending far over the Virgo cluster.
	www.scs.gmu.edu /~tle/Classes/csi_769/project/project_769.html (385 words)

	[No title]
		M87 is at the center of a nearby cluster of galaxies in the constellation of Virgo, 52 million light-years distant, and contains more than 100 billion stars.
		The central density of stars in M87 is at least 300 times greater than expected for a normal giant elliptical galaxy and over 1,000 times denser than the distribution of stars in the neighborhood of the sun.
		Early in the life of M87 a "seed" fl hole may have formed in its nucleus from the merger of small fl holes created by the explosion of massive stars or perhaps from the gravitational collapse of gas left over from the formation of M87.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/status/r92-10 (839 words)

	APOD: 2004 June 16 - Elliptical Galaxy M87 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Even for an elliptical galaxy, though, M87 is peculiar.
		M87 is much bigger than an average galaxy, appears near the center of a whole cluster of galaxies known as the Virgo Cluster, and shows an unusually high number of globular clusters.
		spiral galaxies, but are ellipsoidal in shape (spirals are mostly flat), have no spiral structure, and little gas and dust.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap040616.html (164 words)

	Curious About Astronomy? Galaxies
		Galaxies with prominent bulges and pronounced spiral arms are classified as "Sb" (M31, M81) or "SBb" (M95, NGC 4725).
		Though the origin of lenticular galaxies is still debated the most plausible explanation to date is that the gas and stars that would reside in the galaxy disk have been stripped by interactions with the hot gas in clusters and groups of galaxies.
		This irregular class of galaxies is a miscellaneous class, comprising small galaxies with no identifiable form like the Magellanic clouds (the Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud are two satellite galaxies of the Milky Way) and "peculiar" galaxies that appear to be in disarray like NGC 1313.
	curious.astro.cornell.edu /galaxies.php (1813 words)

	Elliptical galaxy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4881 (the spherical glow at upper left) lies at the edge of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies.
		Dwarf elliptical galaxies are probably not true ellipticals at all; they have properties that are similar to those of irregulars and late spiral-type galaxies.
		Elliptical galaxies tend to lie in the cores of galaxy clusters and in compact groups of galaxies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elliptical_galaxy (603 words)

	Lecture 32: Types of Galaxies
		Galaxies of similar shape, it is found empirically, also tend to have similar gas and dust content, and have similar internal motions.
		Elliptical galaxies contain very little gas and dust, and the gas that is present is very hot and diffuse.
		The galaxy M87 (displayed in the Galaxy Gallery) is nearly circular, and hence is classified as E0.
	www-astronomy.mps.ohio-state.edu /~ryden/ast162_8/notes32.html (1330 words)

	Elliptical galaxy M87 - Outer regions and globular clusters
		Elliptical galaxy M87 - Outer regions and globular clusters
		Elliptical galaxy M87- Outer regions and globular clusters
		The bright elliptical radio galaxy Messier 87 (NGC 4486), at the center of the Virgo Cluster, is perhaps best known for the synchrotron jet seen here.
	www.astr.ua.edu /gifimages/m87outer.html (76 words)

	Universe Today - Chandra Sees Violent M87 Galaxy
		Bright jets can be seen at the heart of the galaxy, which are generated by a supermassive fl hole, and it looks like it's been actively reshaping the galaxy for hundreds of millions of years.
		A central jet is surrounded by nearby bright arcs and dark cavities in the multimillion degree Celsius atmosphere of M87.
		As gas in the galaxy cools, it would flow inward to feed the fl hole, producing an outburst which shuts down the inflow for a few million years, at which point the cycle would begin again.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/chandra_m87_galaxy.html (607 words)

	NRAO/VLA radio images of M87
		M87, discovered by the French astronomer Charles Messier in 1781, is the strongest radio-emitting object in the constellation Virgo.
		Giant elliptical galaxy M87 is situated at the dynamical center of the nearby Virgo Cluster of Galaxies.
		The VLBI image of the galaxy Virgo A was produced by Bill Junor (NRAO), John Biretta (STScI), Frazer Owen (NRAO), and Mitch Begelman (University of Colorado).
	www.seds.org /messier/more/m087_nrao.html (701 words)

	Giant galaxy's violent past comes into focus
		Long-exposure images of the giant elliptical galaxy M87 by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, together with radio observations, have provided spectacular evidence of repetitive outbursts from the vicinity of the galaxy's supermassive fl hole.
		M87, located in the middle of the Virgo galaxy cluster, is surrounded by an extensive atmosphere of multi-million degree Celsius gas.
		In Chandra's image of M87, X-rays from the jet dominate the central region of the galaxy.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-05/nsfc-ggv051004.php (745 words)

	The Johns Hopkins Gazette: January 26, 1998
		Hopkins astronomers have seen evidence that a huge galaxy 50 million light-years from Earth is stealing clusters of stars from smaller neighboring galaxies, apparently in the act of merging with the satellites.
		The satellite galaxies themselves contain fewer star clusters than they should in their outer regions; the frequency of clusters falls off dramatically with increasing distance from the centers of the satellite galaxies, suggesting that the outermost clusters were stolen by M87.
		That distribution of star clusters supports a theory that M87 formed through the merger of smaller galaxies; the theory predicts that most of the red clusters should be located near the center of M87, while the blue ones should still be found in the outer sections of the galaxy as well.
	www.jhu.edu /~gazette/janmar98/jan2698/26galaxy.html (529 words)

	APOD Index - Galaxies: Elliptical Galaxies
		M87 is much bigger than an average galaxy, appears near the centre of a whole cluster of galaxies known as the Virgo Cluster, and shows an unusually high number of globular clusters.
		Explanation: Elliptical galaxies are known for their old, red stars.
		Most blue light from spiral galaxies originates from massive young hot stars, in contrast to the red light from the old cool stars thought to compose ellipticals.
	zuserver2.star.ucl.ac.uk /~apod/apod/elliptical_galaxies.html (387 words)

	SPACE.com -- Chandra X-ray Observatory Spies Galaxy's Violent Past
		The M87 image added to a growing body of astronomical evidence from other galaxy clusters suggesting that the supermassive fl holes inhabiting centrally located galaxies periodically undergo episodic outbursts as a measure of self-regulation.
		M87 is located about 50 million light-years from Earth in the Virgo galaxy cluster and enveloped in an extensive gaseous atmosphere heated to temperatures in the multi-millions of degrees.
		The resulting image outlined a picture of M87 where matter falls toward the galaxy's supermassive fl hole to produce magnetized jets of high-energy particles that rips away from the fl hole at a velocity near the speed of light.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/chandra_m87_040510.html (780 words)

	Giant Elliptical Galaxy M87
		The giant elliptical galaxy M87, also called Virgo A, is a remarkable object.
		It is the largest galaxy in the closest cluster of galaxies to us— the famous Virgo Cluster of galaxies—and lies at the distance of about 55 million light years.
		M87 is famous for two peculiar features: a huge globular cluster system found on long exposures (as in this image), and a spectacular jet, which is better seen on short exposure photographs.
	www.wolaver.org /Space/M87.htm (269 words)

	APOD: 2006 May 20 - Elliptical Galaxy M87 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Explanation: In spiral galaxies, majestic winding arms of young stars and interstellar gas and dust rotate in a flat disk around a bulging galactic nucleus.
		elliptical galaxy M87 is the dominant galaxy at the center of the
		fl hole responsible for the high-energy jet of particles emerging from the giant galaxy's central region.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap060520.html (130 words)

	Newswise
		This sequence begins with an optical view of M87, a giant elliptical galaxy only 50 million light years away in the Virgo cluster.
		These are evidence of repeated outbursts from close to the supermassive fl hole in M87, which are responsible for producing sound throughout the cluster.
		Chandra's M87 observations also give the strongest evidence to date of a shock wave produced by the supermassive fl hole, a clear sign of a powerful explosion.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/524092 (1068 words)

	Astromart News - The Universe Rocks!
		A composite image of the elliptical galaxy M87 in the Virgo Cluster.
		This discovery was made by using data from the longest X-ray observation ever of M87, a nearby giant elliptical galaxy.
		M87 is centrally located in the Virgo cluster of galaxies and is known to harbor one of the Universe's most massive fl holes.
	www.astromart.com /news/news.asp?news_id=585 (629 words)

	APOD: September 13, 1995 - Elliptical Galaxy M87 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But even for an elliptical galaxy M87 is peculiar.
		M87 is much bigger than an average galaxy, appears at the centre of a whole cluster of galaxies known as the Virgo Cluster, and shows a very high number of globular clusters.
		In general, elliptical galaxies contain similar numbers of stars as spiral galaxies, but are ellipsoidal in shape (spirals are mostly flat), have no spiral structure, and little gas and dust.
	zuserver2.star.ucl.ac.uk /~idh/apod/ap950913.html (152 words)

	M87
		Elliptical Galaxy M87 (NGC 4486), type E1, in Virgo, together with other galaxies in the Virgo Cluster.
		M87 is the dominant galaxy in the closest big cluster to us, the Virgo Cluster of galaxies, and lies at the distance of this cluster (about 60 million light-years).
		M87 is famous for two peculiar features, a huge globular cluster system (not resolved in this image), and a spectacular jet - just visible in the top image to the top right of the core, but more apparent in the bottom, enlarged, image.
	www.angelfire.com /space2/tgtan/M87_dslr.htm (284 words)

	Elliptical galaxy M87 - Innerr region and jet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Elliptical galaxy M87 - Innerr region and jet
		This image, taken in red light using a TI CCD at the Kitt Peak 2.1m telescope, is stretched to emphasize the bright regions and the jet.
		M87 is also one of the strongest cases for supermassive fl holes in galactic nuclei, as shown by dynamical measurements of gas near the core.
	www.astr.ua.edu /gifimages/m87inner.html (98 words)

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