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Topic: Elugelab

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	Ivy Mike - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The entire Mike device (including cryogenic equipment) weighed 82 tons, and was housed in a large corrugated-aluminium building called a "shot cab" which was set up on the Pacific island of Elugelab, part of the Enewetak atoll.
		One minute later it had reached 108,000 feet, before stabilizing at 120,000 feet, with the top eventually spreading out to a diameter of 100 miles (the stem was 20 miles wide).
		The blast created a crater 6,240 feet in diameter and 164 feet deep where Elugelab had once stood, and the blast and water waves from the explosion (some waves up to twenty feet high) stripped the test islands clean of vegetation, and the water around the blast site boiled for up to twelve hours afterwards.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ivy_Mike (808 words)

	Ivy Mike - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The entire "Sausage" (as it was nicknamed) assembly measured 80 inches in diameter and 244 inches in height, and weighed 82 tons.
		The shot cab that housed the Mike device was set up on the Pacific Island of Elugelab, part of Enewetak Atoll.
		Chunks of irradiated coral fell upon ships stationed 30 miles from the blast, and the immediate area around the atoll was heavily contaminated for some time.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Ivy_Mike (547 words)

	Oceania Nuclear Testing
		The blast completely vapourised the island of Elugelab and created a fireball three miles in diameter and turned millions of gallons of water in the lagoon to steam.
		The island of Elugelab was completely obliterated leaving behind a crater 164 feet deep and 6,240 feet wide.
		The fireball created by Mike was 3 miles wide with the mushroom cloud rising to 57,000 feet in 90 seconds rising to an eventual height of 135,000 feet in five minutes having a stem eight miles across.
	www.janesoceania.com /oceania_bombs (706 words)

	Hydrogen bomb - Wikipedia
		The first thermonuclear device was developed by the United States and tested as Operation Ivy on November 1 1952 on Elugelab Island in the Enewetak (or Eniwetok) Atoll of the Marshall Islands, code-named Mike it yielded 10.4MT, over 450 times the power of the bomb that fell on Nagasaki.
		It was 20ft high, 6ft 8 in wide, and weighing 140,000 lb (164,000lb including attached refrigeration and measuring equipment).
		The detonation obliterated Elugelab, leaving an underwater crater 6240ft wide and 164ft deep where an island had once been.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydrogen_bomb (428 words)

	The Wetokian: News for the Enewetok Weather Men
		With great relief I joined the others in the landing craft, the ramp was raised, and in a surge of power we pulled off the sand of Eniwetok Island and headed into the choppy lagoon.
		She was a small island on Eniwetok Atoll, Elugelab, about 30 miles across the lagoon from the big island which was my home for a year.
		Elugelab had been denuded of her jungle, a tower erected, causeways built to nearby islands, measuring instruments by the thousands placed throughout the island, the reef, and the lagoon.
	www.aracnet.com /~pdxavets/wetokian/dunlap1.htm (1092 words)

	Boom6
		The enormous explosion was the 4th largest device ever tested by the U.S. 77% (8 megatons) of the yield was due to fast fission of the natural uranium pusher/tamper, with remainder (2.4 megatons) coming directly from fusion of the deuterium fuel.
		The island the test device was installed on, Elugelab (code named Flora), was entirely destroyed.
		The resulting crater was 6240 ft across and 164 ft deep.
	rwmson.net /boom06.htm (264 words)

	Operation Ivy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The 3.25-mile diameter fireball from the blast created a heat wave that could be felt immediately by the 11,650 military personnel and civilians observing the blast from a distance of 30 to 40 miles away.
		The ensuing mushroom cloud rose to a height of 27 miles (or 32 Empire State Buildings stacked upon one another), and where the island of Elugelab had once been there was now an ocean filled crater a mile long and 175 feet deep.
		Shortly after the detonation, a cloud sampling pilot was lost at sea after his aircraft ran out of fuel, and crews in two other aircraft sent out to rescue him were overexposed and received radiation dosed ranging from 10 to 17.8 rem (exceeding the maximum permissible limit of 3.9 rem).
	www.libs.uga.edu /russell/collections/specialformats/av/operationivy.htm (602 words)

	The American Experience \| Race for the Superbomb \| "Mike" Test
		A six-story cab was built on the island of Elugelab to house "Mike." And a two-mile long tunnel that extended from the device to another island was filled with helium balloons that would provide data on the progress of the fusion reaction.
		The explosion wiped Elugelab off the face of the planet, and destroyed life on the surrounding islands.
		In their report, the survey team that went to Engebi three miles from ground zero wrote, "The body of a bird was seen, but no living animals and only the stumps of vegetation.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/bomb/peopleevents/pandeAMEX63.html (669 words)

	Operation Ivy
		Too large to be deployed as a weapon, it was built solely to demonstrate the power of a fusion explosion.
		The detonation obliterated Elugelab, leaving an underwater crater 6240 ft wide and 164 ft deep where an island had once been.
		Operation Ivy was a ska punk band who originated from the East Bay of San Francisco.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/o/op/operation_ivy.html (205 words)

	OPERATION IVY - 1952
		Below Marshall Holloway, who directed the Sausage preparation and the Mike Shot is seen posing in front of the device (center).
		Below is a view along the atoll island ring, showing the shot cab on Elugelab and the instrumentation set-ups on the neighboring islands of Teiter, Bogairikk, and Bogon.
		The 9000 foot long causeway linking the islands together is the "Krause-Ogle box", a 9 foot square aluminum-sheathed plywood tunnel filled with helium ballonets.
	www.radiochemistry.org /history/nuke_tests/ivy (1106 words)

	India's Testing Called Bad News for Subcontinent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In fact, hydrogen bombs are known as city-busters, and their less potent kin are often looked down on as weak and inferior.
		In 1952, when the United States exploded the world's first hydrogen bomb, the Pacific isle of Elugelab, one mile in diameter, simply vanished.
		The bomb's power was equal to 10.4 million tons of high explosive, or about 700 times as powerful as the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/indnuke4.htm (374 words)

	Operation ivy energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		I key in for the great image (1024x746, 128 K) I key in for the greatest image (1600x1166, 413 K) Underneath ordering Holloway, that directed the preparation of the sausage and the shot of Mike is presentation considered in front of the device (center).
		The sausage and the Holloway (58 K) Underneath it is a vision throughout the ring of the island of atoll, demonstrating to the taxi of the shot in Elugelab and the dispositions of the instrumentation in the neighboring islands of Teiter, Bogairikk, and Bogon.
		Of side to side comparison (22 K) Elugelab before - of the first one (76 K) Elugelab later - of the first one (63 K) Action mainly by the fission, Mike watered to stops levels of the radiation on atoll.
	operation-ivy.searchmp3file.com /operation-ivy-energy.htm (1853 words)

	Infinity City Art - Shadow - Statement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The legacy of those years is the focus of this exhibition.
		The starting point for the second phase of Infinity City: SHADOW is November 1, 1952, when the "Mike Shot," a thermonuclear bomb with a yield of 10.4 megatons evaporated the island of Elugelab in Eniwetok Atoll in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
		This "bomb" was in actuality a test device the size of a building, and so of little use as a weapon.
	infcty.net /pages/shadow/state.htm (489 words)

	Un-Remembered Origins of "Nuclear Holocaust": World's First Thermonuclear Explosion of Nov. 1, 1952, by ...
		Mike was a proto-bomb; in fact, it was more like a building, Harrison explains as he studies a sepia-toned photograph of the cylindrical Mike device, about 20 feet in height and eight to 10 feet in diameter.
		Weighing 82 tons and standing vertically like the shiny innards of a giant thermos bottle, the cylinder dwarfs in the photo a scrawny, shirt-less man sitting in a chair, elbows cocked on his knees, and staring at the earth on Elugelab Island of Enewetak Atoll.
		Researcher Leona Marshall Libby wrote at the time that Mike's detonation created a fireball that swooshed outward and upward for three miles in diameter and turned millions of gallon of lagoon water to steam.
	www.wagingpeace.org /articles/2004/05/24_keever_origins-nuclear-holocaust.htm (2926 words)

	Citizen Kurchatov - America's Hydrogen Bomb
		Fuchs had given the Soviets information on the early stages of American and British H-bomb designs, and Zeldovich's team had based their designs on these ideas.
		On November 1, 1952, the United States detonated the first hydrogen device, code named "Mike," near the island of Elugelab in the Eniwetok Atoll.
		The island of Elugelab was completely wiped away, leaving a crater over one mile wide.
	www.pbs.org /opb/citizenk/superbomb/americanbomb.html (220 words)

	Glossary [Decay to Fireball] \| atomicarchive.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		On November 1, 1952 a 10.4 megaton thermonuclear explosion code-named "Mike", at Eniwetok Atoll, demonstrated the release of energy from nuclear fusion.
		The island of Elugelab in the Eniwetok Atoll on which the test was conducted, was completely vaporized.
		It left a crater deeper than the height of the Empire State Building and large enough to house several Pentagons.
	www.atomicarchive.com /Glossary/Glossary3.shtml (856 words)

	Gambling with Death. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The myth that humanity can survive as fascists at heart was shattered on November 1st, 1952, when a 10.4 megaton thermonuclear explosion, code-named MIKE, ushered in the thermonuclear age.
		The entire island of Elugelab in the Eniwetok Atoll, was completely vaporized by this single explosion to a depth of 175 feet below sea level.
		The new bomb unleashed a force one thousand times greater than the bomb that exploded over Hiroshima, which destroyed 80,000 human beings instantly and left another 80,000 suffering in unspeakable agony until they died, too.
	peace.rolf-witzsche.com /witzsche/3506.html (172 words)

	TIME Asia Print Page: Great Moments in TIME: 1946-1956 -- June 5, 2006 Vol. 167, No. 22 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In time the couple would get their own town house, though they expected to start by living with the family.
		Elugelab Island, W. Pacific Ocean Ivy's explosion broke the stillness of a mid-Pacific morning on Nov. 1, 1952; at 7:15 a.m., observers on ships and planes 50 miles away watched an enormous deep-orange fireball blaze up in the distance.
		Then it rose to the stratosphere, trailed by a churning grey-brown pillar of water and the pulverized remains of the little sandspit of Elugelab...Its colors lost their infernal intensity, paled to harmless-looking but deadly pastels.
	www.time.com /time/asia/magazine/printout/0,13675,501060605-1198956,00.html (697 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / 1952 50 YEARS AGO
		BY FREDERIC D. ON NOVEMBER 1, ON the island of Elugelab in Eniwetok Atoll in the Pacific, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission detonated the world’s first thermonuclear explosion.
		Within seconds of ignition, there appeared a fireball three miles across, which slowly turned into a hundred-mile canopy of smoke.
		Elugelab was obliterated, replaced by a huge crater in the ocean floor.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/2002/6/2002_6_80.shtml (667 words)

	Atoms For Peace A NARA Milestone Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The United States successfully detonated a hydrogen device in November 1952; just a few days after Eisenhower won the Presidency.
		The awesome 10-megaton blast had destroyed the test island of Elugelab, creating an underwater crater 1,500 yards in diameter.
		With it the United States and the world entered the thermonuclear age.
	eisenhower.archives.gov /atom1.htm (479 words)

	Military Development
		Thus, the two countries ensue in a widely publicized competition toward the highest level of bomb proficiency.
		The Soviet Union follows a crude nuclear-bomb explosion (Elugelab Island, 1952) with one of their own in August, 1953 — a significantly more sophisticated device.
		In March of 1954, the United States responds by exploding the first H-Bomb capable of being dropped from an airplane onto an enemy.
	itrs.scu.edu /coldwar/1953_54/Military1953-1954.htm (382 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Elugelab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Elugelab; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref?title=Elugelab (198 words)

	Democratic Underground Forums - our WMD are much better than those empty missles in Iraq..... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The above photograph shows five of forty named islands comprising Enewetak Atoll before the "Mike" test (the gray areas surrounding the islands are coral reefs).
		The test completely vaporized the island of Elugelab as well as portions of Sanil and Teiter (below), leaving a crater 164 feet (50 meters) deep and 1.2 miles (1.9 kilometers) wide.
		Important Notices: By participating on this discussion board, visitors agree to abide by the rules outlined on our Rules page.
	www.democraticunderground.com /duforum/DCForumID60/33813.html (223 words)

	Rad Journal -radiation history and Processing Magazine
		In 1952, in the first United States test of a thermonuclear device, a hydrogen bomb dubbed "Mike," was exploded at Eniwetok Atholl in the Pacific, 3,000 miles west of Hawaii.
		It exploded with a blinding white fireball more than three miles across, completely obliterating Elugelab, leaving an underwater crater a 6240-ft wide and 164-ft deep in the atoll where an island had once been.
		Eighty million tons of soil were lifted into the air by the blast.
	www.radjournal.com /articles/History/November/november.htm (2762 words)

	Union By Fusion - Part 1
		It happened on Elugelab, a small island in the Pacific, about one mile wide.
		Early that morning the first full-scale hydrogen bomb was exploded there and the island of Elugelab forever disappeared from this world.
		In its place was a hole in the bottom of the ocean, a hundred and seventy-five feet deep and over a mile in diameter.
	www.hisremnant.org /eby/articles/kingdom/twohands/ubf1.html (6785 words)

	Did you know? 1779 - LOL Facts - Web Software & Hosting
		The revelations of Fuchs' espionage, coupled with the loss of U.S. atomic supremacy, led President Truman to order development of the hydrogen bomb, a weapon theorized to be hundreds of times more powerful than the atomic bombs dropped on Japan.
		On November 1, 1952, the United States successfully detonated "Mike," the world's first hydrogen bomb, on the Elugelab Atoll in the Pacific Marshall Islands.
		The 10.4-megaton thermonuclear device instantly vaporized an entire island and left behind a crater more than a mile wide.
	www.gigfoot.net /lol/facts/1779.html (458 words)

	CAPT Jimmy P. Robinson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Apparently, the dirty stem was due to the coral particles, debris, and water which were sucked high into the air.
		Around the base of the stem, there appeared to be a curtain of water which soon dropped back around the area where the island of Elugelab [Eluklab] had been.
		Robinson, flying Pebble Red Four, flew through the massive cloud, collecting air samples for study.
	www.koreacoldwar.org /bios/biorobinson.html (948 words)

	History Channel - Speeches - Henry M. Jackson, U.S. representative of Wisconsin: On Truman's decision to build the ...
		These two events, and the fact that the Soviets now knew nearly everything that the Americans did about how to build a hydrogen bomb, led Truman to approve massive funding for the superpower race to complete the world's first "superbomb," as he called it.
		Less than three years later, on November 1, 1952, the United States successfully detonated "Mike," the world's first hydrogen bomb, on the Elugelab Atoll in the Pacific Marshall Islands.
		The 10.4-megaton thermonuclear device, built upon the Teller-Ulam principles of staged radiation implosion, instantly vaporized an entire island and left behind a crater more than a mile wide.
	www.thisdayinhistory.com /speeches/archive/speech_138.html (428 words)

	AP American History
		The National Security Council was created to adcise the president and the Central Intelligence Agency was formed out of the old Office of Strategic Services to spy on foreigners while the ‘Voice of America’ began broadcasting American radio across the Iron Curtain.
		The United States exploded the world’s first hydrogen bomb (or H-bomb) on November 1, 1952, on Elugelab* Island in the Eniwetok Atoll of the Marshall Islands, code-named Mike.
		It yielded 10.4 megatons of explosive power (equal to 10.4 million tons of TNT), which is over 450 times the power of the bomb that fell on Nagasaki.
	www.sayersnet.com /~dusty/history/coldwar.htm (2148 words)

	NUKE Be Like Mike (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		With a yield of 10.4 megatons (making it almost 560 times more powerful than the first atomic bomb, the 18.6 kiloton device tested at Alamagordo, New Mexico, in 1945), "Mike" was a major technological advance over its predecessors.
		Exploded at Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands, "Mike" left a crater 200 feet deep and over a mile in diameter, totally vaporizing the tiny island of Elugelab, and ushering in the era of thermonuclear weapons.
		A commitment to technological superiority: that's the Nuke difference -- a difference that goes into every product we make.
	www.cybold.com /nuke/mike.html (189 words)

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